CN102310596A - Method for producing reinforced wear resistance composite material by partially positioning of ceramic particles - Google Patents

Method for producing reinforced wear resistance composite material by partially positioning of ceramic particles Download PDF

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CN102310596A
CN102310596A CN201110183449A CN201110183449A CN102310596A CN 102310596 A CN102310596 A CN 102310596A CN 201110183449 A CN201110183449 A CN 201110183449A CN 201110183449 A CN201110183449 A CN 201110183449A CN 102310596 A CN102310596 A CN 102310596A
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ceramic particles
composite material
hard ceramic
metal
location
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CN102310596B (en
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王娟
郑开宏
李林
赵散梅
陈亮
周楠
蔡畅
徐静
宋东福
戚文军
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Institute of New Materials of Guangdong Academy of Sciences
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Guangzhou Research Institute of Non Ferrous Metals
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Abstract

The invention provides a method for producing reinforced wear resistance composite material by partially positioning of ceramic particles. The method comprises the following steps: preparing a plurality of porous carbide ceramic particles prefabricated bodies in advanced; then fixing each porous carbide ceramic particle prefabricated body in a partial position in a sand die at intervals;casting molten metal into the sand die finally, taking out after cooling to obtain the wear resistance composite material. The method for producing each porous carbide ceramic particles prefabricated body comprises the following steps: designing a metal shell at first, then filling the carbide ceramic particles into a metal shell to prepare the porous hard ceramic particles prefabricated body with the metal shell together. According to the wear resistance composite material of the invention, the carbide ceramic particles enables a good combination with an interface of a metal substrate, the combination strength is high which enables the wear resistance composite material to have good wear resistance and integral toughness, the service life of the wear resistance composite material is prolonged, and the carbide ceramic particles are especially suitable for using Al2O3 or ZTA ceramic particles, therefore the cost of the composite material can be reduced.

Description

The ceramic granule partial location strengthens the manufacturing approach of wearing composite material
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of manufacturing approach of wearing composite material, particularly a kind of hard ceramic particles local positioning strengthens the manufacturing approach of wearing composite material.
Background technology
At present; The wearing piece that in the abrasive blast equipment of industries such as metallurgy, mine, cement, coal and electric power, uses; Typically use the metal wear resistant material that austenite abrasion-proof manganese steel, Cr series white cast iron, austempered ductile iron series wear-resistant cast iron and middle low-alloy wear-resistant steel are processed; And these metal wear resistant materials are receiving under the abominable fretting wear situation such as high temperature, HI high impact, deep-etching, can lose efficacy rapidly, and its economic loss that causes is very huge.Therefore, wearing piece also will have overall mechanical properties and certain toughness preferably when requiring to have higher wearability, can bear strong impact wear.
To above-mentioned situation, the someone proposes the high-hardness ceramic particle is compound in the metallic matrix, forms the wearing composite material that ceramic particle combines with metallic matrix.This wearing composite material; Ceramic phase can both be retained (characteristics such as that ceramic phase has usually is high temperature resistant, wear-resistant, corrosion-resistant, high strength, low-expansion coefficient, and metal material has characteristics such as high fracture toughness, shock-resistant, endurance usually) with metal performance mutually, in the process of using; After the top layer metal is ground off; Ceramic particle can be given prominence to gradually becomes main wearing and tearing exposure phase, thereby has slowed down the speed of wearing and tearing widely, and parent metal can play the effect of carrying and protecting to ceramic particle simultaneously; Prevent that ceramic particle breaks or comes off under the condition of HI high impact wearing and tearing.
At present, what study often is to utilize carbide ceramic particles such as WC, SiC, TiC to combine with metal material to make wearing composite material, because carbide ceramic particles such as WC, SiC, TiC and molten metal have good wetability; Being beneficial to casting oozes; And all have higher hardness, and interface junction is combined into metallurgical binding, the bond strength height; So can improve the overall wear resistance of wearing composite material by a relatively large margin can; But because ceramic particle becomes whole layer to distribute in wearing composite material, thereby cause the toughness of wearing composite material lower, under high impact wear condition; This hard and crisp too early fracture of wearing composite material meeting, ceramic particle is cracked easily.Disclosed patent CN1001112718A; Selected for use hardness WC particle high, that wearability is good to prepare surperficial reinforced composite materials wearing piece, have following drawback: at first, the WC cost is high; Be applicable to that in the manufacturing of some high-end composite products, cost performance is still undesirable; Secondly,,, can cause cooling off rear interface position stress in the actual production and concentrate, defectives such as fine cracks occur, through long term wear particle can take place and peel off because the performance differences such as thermal expansion of WC and metal are excessive though WC is good with the metal interface wetability; The 3rd, in sand mold, directly place WC particle, be unfavorable for that molten metal permeates fully, the composite material surface castability is poor; The 4th, so simple laying particle, having limited can only be with the lower surface of the working face design that needs particle to strengthen at casting sand type.A kind of elder generation is also disclosed in the existing technology with ceramic particle, organic binder bond and ordinary carbon steel base, heat-resisting base steel or nickel base powder mixing briquet; Place the casting mold of the foundry goods that needs reinforcement local again; Last casting metals liquid is made the method for wearing composite material, but the affiliation that adds of this method binding agent produces defectives such as hole is loose in the part, cause the overall performance of wearing composite material to descend; Required in addition metal dust amount is big, and cost is higher.In addition; The also disclosed a kind of casting of SiC ceramics bracket and metallic matrix being become one through casting technique made the method for wearing composite material in the existing technology; SiC pottery local ceramic area in composite wear-resistant part is bigger, and is cracked under the intense impact abrasive conditions easily, come off, and SiC ceramics bracket complicated process of preparation; Cycle is long, is not suitable for large-scale production.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to above-mentioned existing problems and deficiency; Provide a kind of technology simple, low cost of manufacture, applied widely; The ceramic granule partial location is flexible; Can improve the anti-wear performance and the overall flexibility of wearing composite material effectively, make the manufacturing approach of ceramic granule partial location wearing composite material of the long service life of wearing composite material.
Technical scheme of the present invention is achieved in that
Ceramic granule partial of the present invention location strengthens the manufacturing approach of wearing composite material, comprises the steps:
A, elder generation make several cellular hard ceramic particles precast bodies;
B, each cellular hard ceramic particles precast body compartment of terrain is fixed on the local location in the sand mo(u)ld;
C, molten metal is cast in the sand mo(u)ld, takes out after cooling, obtain that hard ceramic particles-composite metal and metallic matrix distribute alternately and hard ceramic particles-composite metal is the wearing composite material of local positioning on metallic matrix;
Be characterized among the above-mentioned steps a that the preparation method and the step of each cellular hard ceramic particles precast body are:
a 1, first metal shell of design;
a 2, select hard ceramic particles: if hard ceramic and the molten metal wetability selected are good, then directly carry out step a 4If hard ceramic particles and the molten metal wetability selected are bad, then carry out step a earlier 3
a 3, hard ceramic particles is carried out preliminary treatment;
a 4, hard ceramic particles is filled in the metal shell processes cellular hard ceramic particles precast body together with metal shell.
Wherein, Above-mentioned pretreated method both can be that the outer surface in hard ceramic particles plates the metal level with good wettability; Also can be that hard ceramic particles is mixed with the metal dust with good wettability mutually, and make metal dust be coated on the outer surface of hard ceramic particles equably through bond medium.
For the cost that makes wearing composite material is low, can be fit to large batch of production, above-mentioned hard ceramic particles is particle diameter 4 orders~14 purpose Al 2O 3Or the ZTA ceramic particle, and addition is 5%~30% of a hard ceramic particles gross mass mark.
In order to guarantee that metal shell can easily be fused in the wearing composite material, metal shell both can be a sheet steel pipe, also can be the thin-walled hollow housing that steel wire is processed.
The present invention processes cellular hard ceramic particles precast body because employing is packed into hard ceramic particles in the metal shell together with metal shell; Can realize the local positioning of hard ceramic particles easily through this cellular hard ceramic particles precast body; And hard ceramic particles combines well with the interface of metallic matrix, and bond strength is high, makes wearing composite material have good abrasion resistance and overall flexibility; Thereby prolonged the service life of wearing composite material effectively; And help the large-scale mass production of wearing composite material, reduce manufacturing cost, when this cellular hard ceramic particles precast body combines with molten metal simultaneously; Metal shell can fuse with molten metal fully, and hard ceramic particles defeated and dispersed phenomenon can not occur yet.The present invention has advantage of wide range of application, is fit to various hard ceramic particles and makes wearing composite material through this method, and especially suitable cheap, wide Al originates 2O 3Or the ZTA ceramic particle, when having guaranteed that wearing composite material has good abrasion resistance and overall flexibility, more help reducing the cost of wearing composite material like this.
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing the present invention is further described.
Description of drawings
End face structure sketch map when Fig. 1 manufactures vertical cement mill grinding roller for the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the cross-sectional view of Fig. 1 in the A-A direction.
End face structure sketch map when Fig. 3 manufactures hammer head of hammer crusher for the present invention.
Fig. 4 is the cross-sectional view of Fig. 3 in the B-B direction.
The specific embodiment
Ceramic granule partial of the present invention location strengthens the manufacturing approach of wearing composite material, comprises the steps:
At first; Make several cellular hard ceramic particles precast bodies; The preparation method of each cellular hard ceramic particles precast body is: design a metal shell earlier; Select hard ceramic particles then:, so directly hard ceramic particles is filled in the metal shell and processes cellular hard ceramic particles precast body together with metal shell if hard ceramic particles and the molten metal wetability selected are good; If hard ceramic particles and the molten metal wetability selected are bad; Want so earlier hard ceramic particles to be carried out preliminary treatment; Pretreated method both can be to adopt the method for chemical plating or other method to plate one deck wetability good metal layer at the outer surface of hard ceramic particles earlier; Also can be that hard ceramic particles is mixed with the metal dust with good wettability of suitable kind and proportioning, and make metal dust be coated on the outer surface of hard ceramic particles equably through bond medium.If the outer surface of hard ceramic particles is coated with metal level, so this hard ceramic particles has directly just formed cellular hard ceramic particles precast body with metal shell after being filled in the metal shell; If the outer surface of hard ceramic particles is to be coated with metal dust, so this hard ceramic particles need could form cellular hard ceramic particles precast body together with the metal shell sintering after being filled in the metal shell.Wherein, to adopt particle diameter usually be 4 orders~14 purpose Al to hard ceramic particles 2O 3Or ZTA ceramic particle, because Al 2O 3Or the ZTA ceramic particle cheap, the source is wide, helps reducing the cost of wearing composite material, in addition, also can adopt ceramic particles such as WC, TiC, SiC; And metal level can be nickel dam, and metal dust can be Co-based alloy powder, and addition is 5%~30% of a hard ceramic particles gross mass mark; And metal shell both can be sheet steel pipe; The thin-walled hollow housing that also can process for steel wire etc.; And the thin-walled hollow housing can be arranged to square or strip or other shape; If hard ceramic particles is to be filled in the sheet steel pipe, to the two ends of sheet steel pipe be wrapped up with steel wire after filling so, help the molten metal casting like this and ooze.And according to the use needs of reality, sheet steel pipe can be internal diameter 8mm~20mm, wall thickness 0.5mm~20mm, and the stainless steel tube of high 10mm~30mm, steel wire are that the braided steel wire of 0.8mm~2mm forms by diameter, and mesh diameter is less than the particle diameter of hard ceramic particles;
Then; Each cellular hard ceramic particles precast body compartment of terrain is fixed on the local location (just forming the position of wearing composite material working face) in the sand mo(u)ld; And be spaced apart 5mm~10mm between adjacent two cellular hard ceramic particles precast bodies; And cellular hard ceramic particles precast body is 5mm~10mm apart from sand mo(u)ld surface, help molten metal like this and cast more fully and ooze, and sand mo(u)ld can be according to being made into various shape according to actual needs;
At last; Molten metal is cast in the sand mo(u)ld; Molten metal infiltration cellular hard ceramic particles precast body; Take out after cooling, obtain that hard ceramic particles-composite metal 1 distributes alternately with metallic matrix 2 and hard ceramic particles-composite metal 1 is the wearing composite material of local positioning on metallic matrix 2; Wherein, molten metal employing rich chromium cast iron or chromium nickel low-alloy cast iron or potassium steel or steel alloy or other metal material are processed, and the temperature of molten metal casting is 1380 ℃~1420 ℃.
Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 are the structural representation of wearing composite material when being vertical cement mill grinding roller, and the concrete manufacture process of this vertical cement mill grinding roller is following:
At first, be that 6~8 purpose ZTA ceramic particles mix Al in the ZTA ceramic particle with nickel-base alloy powder with particle diameter 2O 3Mass fraction is 79.5%, ZrO 2+ Y 2O 3Mass fraction is 20%, and the nickel-base alloy powder addition is 10% of a ZTA ceramic particle gross mass mark, adds a small amount of organic binder bond simultaneously; Mechanical agitation is mixed then, makes nickel-base alloy powder evenly be wrapped in the ZTA ceramic grain surface, then mixture is filled into the long 100mm that is converted into by steel wire; Wide 40mm; In cube shell of high 20mm,, form cellular ceramic particle precast body through 1050 ℃ of vacuum-sinterings;
Then, a plurality of cellular ceramic particle precast bodies are the cellular sand mo(u)ld surface that is fixed to according to the grinding roller working face, adjacent two cellular ceramic particle precast bodies be spaced apart 10mm;
At last, the matched moulds casting, molten metal is a potassium steel, and cast temperature is 1380~1420 ℃, takes out after cooling, and obtaining working face wearing layer thickness is the vertical cement mill grinding roller of 20mm.
Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 are the structural representation of wearing composite material when being hammer head of hammer crusher, and the concrete manufacture process of this hammer head of hammer crusher is following:
At first, be 4~6 purpose Al with particle diameter 2O 3Ceramic particle plates one deck nickel through the method for chemical plating at particle surface uniformly, then with Al 2O 3It is 15mm that ceramic particle is filled into interior diameter, wall thickness 1mm, and in the stainless steel tube of high 25mm, the two ends with stainless steel tube wrap up formation cellular ceramic particle precast body with steel wire then;
Then, press the wear surface needs of tup, a plurality of cellular ceramic particle precast bodies correspondingly be arranged in sand mo(u)ld surface and fixing, adjacent two cellular ceramic particle precast bodies be spaced apart 12mm;
At last, the matched moulds casting, molten metal is a rich chromium cast iron, cast temperature is 1380 ℃~1420 ℃, takes out after cooling, obtains hammer head of hammer crusher.
The present invention describes through embodiment; But the present invention is not constituted restriction, with reference to description of the invention, other variations of the disclosed embodiments; Professional person as for this area expects that easily such variation should belong within the scope thereof of the present invention.

Claims (9)

1. the manufacturing approach of a ceramic granule partial location enhancing wearing composite material comprises the steps:
A, elder generation make several cellular hard ceramic particles precast bodies;
B, each cellular hard ceramic particles precast body compartment of terrain is fixed on the local location in the sand mo(u)ld;
C, molten metal is cast in the sand mo(u)ld, takes out after cooling, obtain that hard ceramic particles-composite metal and metallic matrix distribute alternately and hard ceramic particles-composite metal is the wearing composite material of local positioning on metallic matrix;
It is characterized in that among the above-mentioned steps a that the preparation method and the step of each cellular hard ceramic particles precast body are:
a 1, first metal shell of design;
a 2, select hard ceramic particles: if hard ceramic and the molten metal wetability selected are good, then directly carry out step a 4If hard ceramic particles and the molten metal wetability selected are bad, then carry out step a earlier 3
a 3, hard ceramic particles is carried out preliminary treatment;
a 4, hard ceramic particles is filled in the metal shell processes cellular hard ceramic particles precast body together with metal shell.
2. strengthen the manufacturing approach of wearing composite material according to the said ceramic granule partial of claim 1 location, it is characterized in that above-mentioned pretreated method is that outer surface in hard ceramic particles plates the metal level with good wettability.
3. strengthen the manufacturing approach of wearing composite material according to the said ceramic granule partial of claim 1 location; It is characterized in that above-mentioned pretreated method is that hard ceramic particles is mixed with the metal dust with good wettability mutually, and make metal dust be coated on the outer surface of hard ceramic particles equably through bond medium.
4. strengthen the manufacturing approach of wearing composite material according to the said ceramic granule partial of claim 1 location, it is characterized in that above-mentioned hard ceramic particles is particle diameter 4 orders~14 purpose Al 2O 3Or the ZTA ceramic particle, and addition is 5%~30% of a hard ceramic particles gross mass mark.
5. strengthen the manufacturing approach of wearing composite material according to the said ceramic granule partial of claim 1 location, it is characterized in that above-mentioned metal shell is a sheet steel pipe.
6. strengthen the manufacturing approach of wearing composite material according to the said ceramic granule partial of claim 1 location, it is characterized in that above-mentioned metal shell is the thin-walled hollow housing that steel wire is processed.
7. strengthen the manufacturing approach of wearing composite material according to the said ceramic granule partial of claim 5 location, it is characterized in that above-mentioned sheet steel pipe is internal diameter 8mm~20mm, wall thickness 0.5mm~20mm, the stainless steel tube of high 10mm~30mm.
8. strengthen the manufacturing approach of wearing composite material according to the said ceramic granule partial of claim 6 location, it is characterized in that above-mentioned steel wire is that the braided steel wire of 0.8mm~2mm forms by diameter, and mesh diameter is less than the particle diameter of hard ceramic particles.
9. strengthen the manufacturing approach of wearing composite material according to the said ceramic granule partial of claim 1 location; It is characterized in that above-mentioned molten metal adopts rich chromium cast iron or chromium nickel low-alloy cast iron or potassium steel or steel alloy or other metal material to process, and the temperature of molten metal casting is 1380 ℃~1420 ℃.
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CN102700192A (en) * 2012-06-21 2012-10-03 北京理工大学 Metal and ceramic composite material and preparation method of metal and ceramic composite material
CN103045890A (en) * 2012-07-03 2013-04-17 北京中煤大田耐磨材料有限公司 Method for covering ceramic particles in wear-resisting metal material
CN103769562A (en) * 2014-01-22 2014-05-07 西安交通大学 Preparation method for active element sintered ZTA (Zirconia Toughened Alumina) particulate reinforced steel based compound hammer
CN103769563A (en) * 2014-01-22 2014-05-07 西安交通大学 Preparation method for active element sintered ZTA (Zirconia Toughened Alumina) particulate reinforced steel based compound grinding roller and grinding disk
CN103785841A (en) * 2014-01-22 2014-05-14 西安交通大学 Manufacturing method for composite wear-resistant parts formed by slurry coating surface activation ZTA particles and reinforced iron matrixes
CN104690231A (en) * 2015-02-15 2015-06-10 广东省工业技术研究院(广州有色金属研究院) Preparation method of composite board hammer
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CN106345834A (en) * 2015-07-15 2017-01-25 柳州市双铠工业技术有限公司 Extrusion forming production method for composite wear resistant product with cold plastic matrix
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CN102700192A (en) * 2012-06-21 2012-10-03 北京理工大学 Metal and ceramic composite material and preparation method of metal and ceramic composite material
CN103045890A (en) * 2012-07-03 2013-04-17 北京中煤大田耐磨材料有限公司 Method for covering ceramic particles in wear-resisting metal material
CN103769562B (en) * 2014-01-22 2016-03-02 西安交通大学 A kind of preparation method of active element sintering ZTA particle enhanced steel iron-based composite hammer head
CN103769562A (en) * 2014-01-22 2014-05-07 西安交通大学 Preparation method for active element sintered ZTA (Zirconia Toughened Alumina) particulate reinforced steel based compound hammer
CN103769563A (en) * 2014-01-22 2014-05-07 西安交通大学 Preparation method for active element sintered ZTA (Zirconia Toughened Alumina) particulate reinforced steel based compound grinding roller and grinding disk
CN103785841A (en) * 2014-01-22 2014-05-14 西安交通大学 Manufacturing method for composite wear-resistant parts formed by slurry coating surface activation ZTA particles and reinforced iron matrixes
CN103769563B (en) * 2014-01-22 2016-06-29 西安交通大学 A kind of preparation method of active element sintering ZTA particle enhanced steel iron-based composite grinding roll and mill
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CN104690252B (en) * 2015-02-15 2017-03-22 广东省材料与加工研究所 Preparation method for composite jaw plate of jaw crusher
CN104690252A (en) * 2015-02-15 2015-06-10 广东省工业技术研究院(广州有色金属研究院) Preparation method for composite jaw plate of jaw crusher
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