CN102307747B - 用于运行传动系的方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种用于运行车辆传动系的方法,其中,传动系具有包括至少一个电机(2)的动力装置和联接在动力装置与从动件(3)之间的变速器(4),其中,在电机(2)与变速器(4)之间联接有变速器外部或变速器内部的启动元件(6)。根据本发明,为了启动而探明在启动中预期的行驶阻力,其中,当预期的行驶阻力小于第一界限值时,在变速器外部或变速器内部的启动元件(6)闭合的情况下通过电机(2)从其静止状态中出发实现启动,且其中,当预期的行驶阻力大于第一界限值时,为了启动而在变速器外部或变速器内部的启动元件(6)打开的情况下以限定的机器转速在转速调节运行中运行电机(2)且随后变速器外部或变速器内部的启动元件(6)以如下方式闭合,即,使其传递依赖于驾驶员期望的启动力矩。
Description
发明领域
本发明涉及一种用于运行车辆传动系的方法。
背景技术
车辆传动系的主要部件是动力装置和变速器。变速器变换转速和扭矩且由此将动力装置的牵引力供应提供给传动系的从动件。此处本发明涉及一种用于运行传动系的方法,该传动系的动力装置包括至少一个电机。相应地,根据本发明的方法不仅可使用在其动力装置仅由电机构成的纯电动车中,而且可使用在其动力装置由电机和内燃机构成的混合动力车辆中。在此,相应的动力装置的电机例如实施成三相交流同步电机。
在三相交流同步电机中,该三相交流同步电机的转子的转速与电磁旋转场的转速相符,由此得出,这样的同步电机的转子同步于旋转场而转动。因此,其旋转场借助变频器来产生的三相交流同步电机不具有滑差。当三相交流同步电机的转子处在静止状态中时,通常仅同步电机的三相中的一相通电,其中,则在变频器中调整功率电子机构的相关器件的单侧负荷。三相交流同步电机的变频器基本上由表现为至直流电流中间电路或者说直流电压中间电路的接口的整流器以及由从该直流电流中间电路或者说直流电压中间电路供电的逆变器构成。
逆变器包括开关晶体管且产生经脉冲宽度调制的电压。电机的电感引起电流的平滑,其中,产生的输出电压的幅度和输出电压的频率可调节。
当三相交流同步电机停止时,对于限定的时间段而言,能由三相交流同步电机最大地提供的力矩相比在旋转的同步电机中的情况更小,因为在旋转的同步电机中功率电子机构的器件在变频器中被交替地加载。与之相反,在三相交流同步电机的静止状态中,功率电子机构被单侧地加载,由此可能造成同步电机的变频器的功率电子机构的过热进而损坏。这在车辆动力装置作为电机包括三相交流同步电机的车辆启动中造成困难。因此,存在对用于运行车辆传动系的如下方法的需求,即,一方面借助该方法可实现可靠的启动,且另一方面借助该方法可避免构造为三相交流同步电机的电机的过载进而损坏。
发明内容
由此出发,本发明基于如下问题,即,创造一种用于运行车辆传动系的新型方法。
该问题通过一种用于运行车辆的传动系的方法来解决,其中,所述传动系具有包括至少一个电机的动力装置和联接在所述动力装置与从动件之间的变速器,其中,在所述电机与所述变速器之间联接有变速器外部或变速器内部的启动元件。根据本发明,为了启动而探明在启动中预期的行驶阻力。当预期的行驶阻力小于第一界限值时,在变速器外部或变速器内部的启动元件闭合的情况下,通过电机从其静止状态中出发实现启动。
当预期的行驶阻力大于第一界限值时,为了在变速器外部或变速器内部的启动元件打开的情况下启动,以限定的机器转速在转速调节运行中运行电机,且随后变速器外部或变速器内部的启动元件以如下方式闭合,即,使该启动元件传递依赖于驾驶员期望的启动力矩。
根据本发明优选的实施方式,当所述预期的行驶阻力小于所述第一界限值且在变速器外部或变速器内部的启动元件闭合的情况下通过所述电机从其静止状态中出发实现启动时,监测在限定的时间段之后所述电机是否达到最小转速,其中,当未达到所述最小转速时,中断启动过程,且利用当所述预期的行驶阻力大于所述第一界限值时使用的措施来执行新的启动过程。
根据本发明优选的实施方式,当所述预期的行驶阻力大于所述第一界限值时,为了启动而在转速调节运行中运行所述电机,其中,所述变速器外部或变速器内部的启动元件的力矩确定了用于所述转速调节运行的预控制力矩。
根据本发明优选的实施方式,当所述预期的行驶阻力大于所述第一界限值时,在所述变速器外部或变速器内部的启动元件的附着之后,将所述电机由所述转速调节运行转化到扭矩调节运行中。
根据本发明优选的实施方式,当所述动力装置除了所述电机之外还包括内燃机且所述预期的行驶阻力大于比所述第一界限值大的第二界限值时,为了启动而在变速器外部或变速器内部的启动元件打开的情况下以限定的机器转速在转速调节运行中运行所述电机,且随后将所述变速器外部或变速器内部的启动元件以如下方式闭合,即,使所述变速器外部或变速器内部的启动元件传递启动力矩,其中,所述内燃机通过滑差式运行的联接到所述内燃机与所述电机之间的离合器来传递额外的启动力矩。
当所述预期的行驶阻力大于所述第二界限值时,为了启动而在转速调节运行中运行所述电机,其中,所述变速器外部或变速器内部的启动元件的力矩和所述联接到所述内燃机与所述电机之间的离合器的力矩确定了用于所述转速调节运行的预控制力矩。
当所述预期的行驶阻力大于所述第一界限值且小于所述第二界限值时,为了启动,在内燃机关闭的情况下、在联接到所述内燃机与所述电机之间的离合器打开的情况下且在变速器外部或变速器内部的启动元件打开的情况下,以限定的机器转速在转速调节运行中运行所述电机,且随后将所述变速器外部或变速器内部的启动元件以如下方式闭合,即,使所述变速器外部或变速器内部的启动元件传递启动力矩,其中,监测所述车辆是否在限定的时间段之后启动,且当在此发觉所述车辆未启动时,中断启动过程,并且利用当所述预期的行驶阻力大于所述第二界限值时使用的措施来执行新的启动过程。
当所述预期的行驶阻力小于所述第一界限值时,在内燃机关闭的情况下、在联接到所述内燃机与所述电机之间的离合器打开的情况下且在变速器外部或变速器内部的启动元件闭合的情况下通过所述电机从其静止状态中出发实现启动,其中,监测在限定的时间段之后所述电机是否达到最小转速,其中,当未达到该最小转速时,中断启动过程且利用当所述预期的行驶阻力大于所述第一界限值然而小于所述第二界限值时使用的措施或当所述预期的行驶阻力大于所述第二界限值时使用的措施来执行新的启动过程。
根据本发明的方法允许了车辆传动系的安全且可靠的启动,车辆动力装置包括构造为同步电机(即构造为三相交流同步电机)的电机。
在启动时,可避免电机的功率电子机构的过热或者过载进而损坏。
附图说明
本发明的优选的改进方案由下面的描述得出。本发明的实施例不局限于此地借助附图作进一步阐释。在此:
图1示出了车辆的示意性传动系图解,在其中可使用根据本发明的方法;
图2示出了车辆的另一示意性传动系图解,在其中可使用根据本发明的方法;且
图3示出了用于说明根据本发明的方法的一个方面的方块图。
具体实施方式
此处,本发明涉及一种用于运行车辆传动系的方法,其中,图1和图2相应地示出了的传动系的例子,在这些例子中可使用根据本发明的方法。
如此地,图1高度示意性地示出了所谓的并联式混合动力驱动的传动系图解,其中,图1的传动系包括带有内燃机1和电机2的动力装置。在动力装置(即所述动力装置的电机2)与从动件3之间联接有变速器4,其中,变速器4优选地构造为自动变速器。
根据图1,在传动系的内燃机1与电机2之间联接有离合器5,其中,此外在电机2与变速器5之间联接有另一离合器6。在电机2与变速器4之间所联接的离合器6提供了变速器外部的启动元件。作为这样的变速器外部的启动元件的替代,图1的传动系同样可包括变速器内部的启动元件。
图2示出了纯电动车的传动系图解,该纯电动车的动力装置除了电机2之外不包括内燃机。在图2中,在电机2与从动件3之间又联接有任意地实施的变速器4,其中,在电机2与变速器4之间又联接有变速器外部的启动元件6。
作为变速器外部的启动元件的替代,图2的传动系同样可包括变速器内部的启动元件。
如已实施的那样,根据本发明的方法不仅可在混合动力车辆的图1的传动系中而且可在纯电动车的图2的传动系中使用,其中,根据本发明的方法涉及到传动系的启动。相应的传动系的电机2相应地是同步电机,即三相交流同步电机。
在根据本发明的方法的意义上,为了启动相应的传动系而探明在启动时预期的行驶阻力。在此,在启动时预期的行驶阻力可在测量技术上借助倾角传感器来探明。作为备选可行的是,在计算上由传动系的发生在过去的力矩记录和/或加速度记录探明预期的行驶阻力。可借助其探明行驶阻力的细节对于此处讨论的本领域技术人员而言是常见的且不需作进一步阐释。
此时,如下处在此处本发明的意义中,即,将在启动时预期的、提前探明的行驶阻力与至少一个界限值作比较,并且依赖于此地构成启动过程。
当预期的行驶阻力小于第一界限值时,图2的传动系的启动在启动元件6闭合的情况下通过电机2从其静止状态中出发实现。这同样适用于图1的传动系,其中,对于图1的传动系而言,额外地关闭内燃机1,且打开联接在内燃机1与电机2之间的离合器5。
那么,在此监测在限定的时间段之后电机2是否达到最小转速。如果在此发觉未达到该最小转速,则中断启动过程并执行新的启动过程,也就是说利用那些当提前探明的在启动时预期的行驶阻力大于第一界限值时使用的措施。
当预期的行驶阻力大于第一界限值时,在图2的传动系中为了启动,在启动元件6打开的情况下,以限定的机器转速在转速调节运行中运行电机2,其中,限定的机器转速处在最小转速之上,在该最小转速时,电机2能施加一限定时间段的最大可能提供的扭矩。如已提及的那样,那么在此在转速调节运行中运行电机2。继机器转速提高到限定的机器转速上之后,启动元件6以如下方式闭合,即,使该启动元件传递依赖于驾驶员期望的启动力矩。这同样适用于图1的传动系,其中,在此在图1的传动系中额外地关闭内燃机1,且打开联接到内燃机1与电机2之间的离合器5。
如已实施的那样,当预期的行驶阻力大于第一界限值时,为了启动而在转速调节运行中运行电机2,其中,用于电机2的转速调节的结构由图3得出。在转速调节运行中对电机2作转速调节的情况下,根据图3比较电机2的实际转速nIST与额定转速nSOLL,且对转速调节器7执行调节偏差,转速调节器7输出扭矩,作为用于电机2的调节参数。
以预控制力矩MVOR来结算由转速调节器7输出的扭矩,其中,该预控制力矩在转速调节运行中是启动元件6的力矩。
在这种情况中,在启动元件6附着之后,电机2由转速调节运行转化到扭矩调节运行,且在启动元件6闭合的情况下继续启动。
在根据图1的传动系除了电机2之外还配备有内燃机1的情况中,将在启动时所预期的行驶阻力与两个界限值作比较,即与已提及的第一界限值和大于第一界限值的第二界限值作比较。如果在该情况中预期的行驶阻力不仅大于第一界限值而且还同样大于第二界限值,则为了启动而在启动元件6打开的情况下以限定的机器转速在转速调节运行中运行电机2,且随后闭合启动元件6,从而使得该启动元件传递启动力矩,其中,除了内燃机1之外通过滑差式运行的、联接到内燃机1与电机2之间的离合器5传递额外的启动力矩。在这种情况中,预控制力矩MVOR对于电机2的转速调节而言不仅依赖于启动元件6的力矩而且依赖于联接在内燃机1与电机2之间的离合器5的力矩。此外,在这种情况中,将摩擦功在离合器5与启动元件6之间分配。在离合器5处由于有滑差的启动元件6而存在相比当启动元件6完全闭合时更小的转速差。启动元件6相比在离合器5闭合的情况中做了更少的摩擦功。
启动元件6虽然传递相同的力矩,然而由该启动元件在有滑差的离合器5中实现更小的转速差。
当在图1的传动系中在启动时预期的行驶阻力大于第一界限值然而小于第二界限值时,为了启动而在内燃机1关闭的情况下、在离合器5打开的情况下且在启动元件6打开的情况下,首先在转速调节运行中将电机2带到限定的机器转速上,且随后以如下方式闭合启动元件6,即,使该启动元件传递所期望的启动力矩,其中,在此监测车辆是否在限定的时间段之后启动。当在此发觉车辆未启动,则中断启动过程,并且以当预期的行驶阻力大于第二界限值时所使用的措施来执行新的启动过程。
当在图1的传动系的情况中所预期的行驶阻力不仅小于第二界限值而且小于第一界限值时,如已提及的那样,在内燃机1关闭的情况下、在离合器5打开的情况下且在启动元件6闭合的情况下通过电机2从其静止状态出发执行启动,其中,于是监测在限定的时间段之后电机2是否达到最小转速。如果在此发觉电机2未达到最小转速,则中断启动过程,并且执行新的启动过程,也就是说或者利用当预期的行驶阻力大于第一界限值然而小于第二界限值时所使用的措施,或利用当预期的行驶阻力大于第二界限值时所使用的措施。
本发明具有大量优点。这样可始终实现车辆的安全的启动,也就是说无构造为三相交流同步电机的电机的过载进而损伤的危险。此外,电机2的最大能提供的扭矩总是被完全用尽。可构造成变速器内部或变速器外部的启动元件6的启动元件仅承受低负荷进而低磨损。当在启动时预期的行驶阻力大于第一界限值时,仅通过变速器内部或变速器外部的有滑差的启动元件6来启动。与之相反,当预期的行驶阻力小于该界限值时,启动元件6保持闭合且因此不负载。
附图标记列表
1 内燃机
2 电机
3 从动件
4 变速器
5 离合器
6 启动元件
7 转速调节器
Claims (8)
1.用于运行车辆的传动系的方法,其中,所述传动系具有包括至少一个电机(2)的动力装置和联接在所述动力装置与从动件(3)之间的变速器(4),其中,在所述电机(2)与所述变速器(4)之间联接有变速器外部或变速器内部的启动元件(6),其特征在于,为了启动而探明在启动时预期的行驶阻力,其中,当所述预期的行驶阻力小于第一界限值时,在变速器外部或变速器内部的启动元件(6)闭合的情况下通过所述电机(2)从其静止状态中出发实现启动,且其中,当所述预期的行驶阻力大于所述第一界限值时,为了启动而在变速器外部或变速器内部的启动元件(6)打开的情况下,以限定的机器转速在转速调节运行中运行所述电机(2),且随后将所述变速器外部或变速器内部的启动元件(6)以如下方式闭合,即,使所述变速器外部或变速器内部的启动元件传递依赖于驾驶员期望的启动力矩。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,当所述预期的行驶阻力小于所述第一界限值且在变速器外部或变速器内部的启动元件(6)闭合的情况下通过所述电机(2)从其静止状态中出发实现启动时,监测在限定的时间段之后所述电机(2)是否达到最小转速,其中,当未达到所述最小转速时,中断启动过程,且利用当所述预期的行驶阻力大于所述第一界限值时使用的措施来执行新的启动过程。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法,其特征在于,当所述预期的行驶阻力大于所述第一界限值时,为了启动而在转速调节运行中运行所述电机(2),其中,所述变速器外部或变速器内部的启动元件(6)的力矩确定了用于所述转速调节运行的预控制力矩。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法,其特征在于,当所述预期的行驶阻力大于所述第一界限值时,在所述变速器外部或变速器内部的启动元件(6)的附着之后,将所述电机(2)由所述转速调节运行转化到扭矩调节运行中。
5.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法,其特征在于,当所述动力装置除了所述电机(2)之外还包括内燃机(1)且所述预期的行驶阻力大于比所述第一界限值大的第二界限值时,为了启动而在变速器外部或变速器内部的启动元件(6)打开的情况下以限定的机器转速在转速调节运行中运行所述电机(2),且随后将所述变速器外部或变速器内部的启动元件(6)以如下方式闭合,即,使所述变速器外部或变速器内部的启动元件传递启动力矩,其中,所述内燃机(1)通过滑差式运行的联接到所述内燃机(1)与所述电机(2)之间的离合器(5)来传递额外的启动力矩。
6.根据权利要求5所述的方法,其特征在于,当所述预期的行驶阻力大于所述第二界限值时,为了启动而在转速调节运行中运行所述电机(2),其中,所述变速器外部或变速器内部的启动元件(6)的力矩和所述联接到所述内燃机(1)与所述电机(2)之间的离合器(5)的力矩确定了用于所述转速调节运行的预控制力矩。
7.根据权利要求5所述的方法,其特征在于,当所述预期的行驶阻力大于所述第一界限值且小于所述第二界限值时,为了启动,在内燃机(1)关闭的情况下、在联接到所述内燃机(1)与所述电机(2)之间的离合器(5)打开的情况下且在变速器外部或变速器内部的启动元件(6)打开的情况下,以限定的机器转速在转速调节运行中运行所述电机(2),且随后将所述变速器外部或变速器内部的启动元件(6)以如下方式闭合,即,使所述变速器外部或变速器内部的启动元件传递启动力矩,其中,监测所述车辆是否在限定的时间段之后启动,且当在此发觉所述车辆未启动时,中断启动过程,并且利用当所述预期的行驶阻力大于所述第二界限值时使用的措施来执行新的启动过程。
8.根据权利要求5所述的方法,其特征在于,当所述预期的行驶阻力小于所述第一界限值时,在内燃机(1)关闭的情况下、在联接到所述内燃机(1)与所述电机(2)之间的离合器(5)打开的情况下且在变速器外部或变速器内部的启动元件(6)闭合的情况下通过所述电机(2)从其静止状态中出发实现启动,其中,监测在限定的时间段之后所述电机(2)是否达到最小转速,其中,当未达到该最小转速时,中断启动过程且利用当所述预期的行驶阻力大于所述第一界限值然而小于所述第二界限值时使用的措施或当所述预期的行驶阻力大于所述第二界限值时使用的措施来执行新的启动过程。
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2009
- 2009-02-09 DE DE102009000720A patent/DE102009000720A1/de not_active Withdrawn
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2010
- 2010-01-29 CN CN2010800072461A patent/CN102307747B/zh active Active
- 2010-01-29 US US13/143,742 patent/US8589005B2/en active Active
- 2010-01-29 EP EP10701539A patent/EP2393689B1/de active Active
- 2010-01-29 WO PCT/EP2010/051051 patent/WO2010089246A1/de active Application Filing
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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US8589005B2 (en) | 2013-11-19 |
CN102307747A (zh) | 2012-01-04 |
EP2393689A1 (de) | 2011-12-14 |
DE102009000720A1 (de) | 2010-08-12 |
EP2393689B1 (de) | 2012-11-28 |
US20110282533A1 (en) | 2011-11-17 |
WO2010089246A1 (de) | 2010-08-12 |
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