CN102290592A

CN102290592A - Nickel-zinc non-diaphragm fuel cell device

Info

Publication number: CN102290592A
Application number: CN201110219742XA
Authority: CN
Inventors: 黄小鸿
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2011-08-02
Filing date: 2011-08-02
Publication date: 2011-12-21

Abstract

The invention relates to a nickel-zinc non-diaphragm fuel cell device, and belongs to the field of cells. The nickel-zinc non-diaphragm fuel cell device aims to break through the traditional fuel cell mode and is no need of a proton exchange membrane and complicated and expensive equipment which can provide fuel and oxygen. The nickel-zinc non-diaphragm fuel cell device is characterized in that: an ultrasonic generator enables an electrolyte to produce a void effect on electrodes, and an electrolyte circulation device is arranged in the nickel-zinc non-diaphragm fuel cell device. The nickel-zinc non-diaphragm fuel cell device is simple in equipment, reliable in running, easy for maintenance, high in cost performance, high in specific energy and particularly suitable for electromobiles or other electrical devices.

Description

A kind of nickel zinc does not have the membrance fuel cells device

Technical field

A kind of nickel zinc does not have the membrance fuel cells device and belongs to field of batteries, and fuel cell is the Blast Furnace Top Gas Recovery Turbine Unit (TRT) that the chemical energy that fuel has is directly become electric energy, and the fuel cell that the present invention proposes is applicable to electric automobile or other electric devices especially.

Background technology

The utilization of traditional energy has two big disadvantages: the one, and be stored in and could be become mechanical or electrical energy after chemical energy in the fuel must at first change heat energy into, the efficient that it obtained has only 33%-35%, and energy over half wastes; The 2nd, the mode of utilizing of traditional energy has caused huge pollution to environment.

In recent years, do not stint for the research and development of encouraging the new forms of energy car and employ government's substantial contribution support in various countries, the whole world, even the research and development energy car newly of all working in coordination between several big countries, so the new forms of energy car here just needn't carefully be said, and the place that present new forms of energy car is seized by the throat most, what just be with the energy that is used as power, the problem of power source just, except petroleum fuel, everybody is looking for new energy source of car, because the bioenergy and the mankind strive grain, do after a while bioenergy calmness go down, finally everybody sight all concentrates on the battery power, now basically more than 95% all based on the research of cell electric vehicle, and the high-power drive pond just becomes the research object that various countries competitively drop into.

Battery divides and can be divided into big class: dry cell (being disposable battery). and secondary cell (also being rechargeable battery) is fuel cell (promptly adding the battery that fuel just can continue to generate electricity) 3..Electric motor car at present all concentrates on this field of secondary cell basically, and mainly concentrates on the following four big class electrokinetic cells:

1, ickel-cadmium cell: ickel-cadmium cell German is during the Second World War at first invented, has relative low price, cross and put, consistency of battery pack is good by overcharging resisting for long service life (2000 times more than the cycle life), the use safety non-pollution, be convenient to advantages such as maintenance, its weak point is that energy is higher than not, and the negative pole cadmium pollutes human body and environment in process of production, based on these two hard defects, this battery does not receive greatly to pay attention to;

2, Ni-MH battery: Ni-MH battery is developed at solving the harm of cadmium nickel negative pole, energy increased than also when it had inherited the ickel-cadmium cell advantage, can be described as reasonable a kind of battery, weak point is voltage or 1.2V, comparing with ickel-cadmium cell is having gap aspect performance and battery pack life-span (more than 1000 times) slightly, large-sized power battery applications example is seldom only used more than the minitype motivation power supply at model plane electric tool etc.

3, to have a volume little for lithium iron battery, in light weight with high-energy than and high electromotive force lead advantage, not enough place is that the battery consistency difference causes the life-span to lack, on the high side, security performance does not have guarantee.

But lithium battery causes it commercial to use as its several big shortcomings of power source, and at first being rechargeable battery all has its limit as automobile-used, a trickle charge 6-8 hour, filled soon 30 minutes, each occupation of land of filling the station soon then all will have the place as a large parking lot, and this is unpractical.And fill soon and can shorten battery life greatly.The second, filling once at present, the electric weight of electricity does not satisfy needs.All concept cars are all between 30-60 degree electricity at present, flying power is no more than 200 kilometers, and through after repeatedly charging, flying power can descend greatly after battery capacity descended, do not satisfy long-distance needs, the 3rd, fail safe is low, can both hurt sb.'s feelings as long as think about it the battery of mobile phone blast, just well imagine for the result behind the battery explosion of a hundreds of kilogram.The 4th, the manufacturing cost height, because lithium is rare metal, this resource can be more rare after the large-scale application, cost only can be more and more higher, and membrane technique wherein has only America and Japan to grasp now, causes the barrier film cost also very high.

4, nickel-zinc cell also has been developed more than hundred year, its advantage is electromotive force height (1.6V) energy density (more than the 120W/ liter) low cost of manufacture, advantage such as pollution-free, why it does not obtain large batch of application, be that the electrode passivation problem can not get solving for a long time, consistency of battery pack is poor simultaneously to cause useful life short (more than 300 time), before the brilliant problem of zinc skill does not thoroughly solve, be not suitable for using, though domestic in recent years have some researchers of the enterprise and the U.S. to cooperate, that is that all right is ripe for technology.

For many years, people search out with fuel cell technology develop energy new method.Fuel cell is the device that a kind of chemical energy that is stored in fuel and oxidant is directly become electric energy, and when continuously to fuel cell fuel supplying and oxidant, it can uninterruptable power generation.As: publication number is: " fuel-cell device " of CN89000A, it is by to the fuel supply fuel gas, the fuel cell that generates electricity to the oxidizing agent pole air supply, and air will could use through the purification of a series of equipment.Again, publication number is: " polymer electrolyte fuel cells " of CN1388998A, and it has high molecule dielectric film and anode and negative electrode, and also anode provides fuel gas, provides air to negative electrode, and equipment wherein is also many and big.

According to electrolytical difference, fuel cell be divided into alkaline fuel cell (AFC), phosphoric acid type fuel cell (PAFC), molten carbonate fuel cell (MCFC), Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) and Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFC) etc.The theoretical energy conversion rate of fuel cell is more than 95%, and regardless of different kinds of the device, its actual power rate can reach 40%-60%.Device is modular construction, and capacity can be little of only being the mobile phone power supply, big to comparing with present power large-scale electric generating station.Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFC) is a kind of novel, fuel cell that long-range future is arranged, can extensively use as traffic power and Miniature Power Unit device.And it is formed by fuel electrode (negative pole), oxidizing electrode (positive pole) with as electrolytical proton exchange membrane, and proton exchange membrane is the film of proton conductive polymer system, and still, the process technology of proton exchange membrane requires high, is difficult for making the cost height; The device complexity of the fuel of fuel supplying electrode and the oxygen of oxidizing electrode; So, now high-tech, the high request of fuel cell, the expensive fuel cell that makes can not extensive use.Now, each state all is four generation mode--the fuel cell of 21 century behind thermoelectricity, water power, nuclear power in advance being devoted to study.

The outlet of battery of electric vehicle technology is at fuel cell.The U.S. develops fuel cell very early, drops into tens U.S. dollars on hydrogen fuel cell, makes catalyst owing to will use platinum, each battery cost is all more than the hundreds of thousands RMB, because manufacturing cost is too high, and act as a fuel with hydrogen, its fail safe can't resolve.

Summary of the invention

A kind of nickel zinc that the present invention proposes does not have the membrance fuel cells device, its objective is to break existing fuel cell pattern, need not proton exchange membrane and the complexity of fuel and oxygen, expensive equipment are provided, and reduces cost greatly, improves performance.

Technical scheme of the present invention is: adopt the reaction principle of nickel-zinc cell, the problem of passivation that the using ultrasound wave producer solves electrode, adopts no barrier film to avoid the problem that the rechargeable battery charging interval grows, and be equipped with circular electrolyte and extend the life of a cell.

A kind of nickel zinc does not have the membrance fuel cells device, comprises nickel zinc electrode and electrolyte, it is characterized in that having supersonic generator to make electrolyte produce void effect to electrode, and the cyclic electrolysis liquid device is arranged.

Above-mentioned a kind of nickel zinc does not have the membrance fuel cells device, it is characterized in that described supersonic generator is installed in the cabinet exterior face that electrolyte is housed.

Above-mentioned a kind of nickel zinc does not have the membrance fuel cells device, it is characterized in that described supersonic generator is installed in the outer bottom wall of the electrolyte casing that electrolyte is housed.

Above-described a kind of nickel zinc does not have the membrance fuel cells device, it is characterized in that described cyclic electrolysis liquid device is made up of electrolyte case, electrolyte storage bin and pump, nickel electrode is separated and relative unsettled being installed in the electrolyte case with zinc electrode, the electrolyte case has outlet to be communicated with the electrolyte storage bin, the outlet of electrolyte storage bin is communicated with the import of pump, and delivery side of pump is communicated with the electrolyte case.

Operation principle of the present invention is, its principle that produces electricity is identical with nickel-zinc cell, maximum difference is: existing nickel-zinc cell need solve the problem of passivation of electrode with barrier film, the present invention utilizes the void effect of ultrasonic wave generation to eliminate the passivation of electrode, so do not need barrier film, also have the continuous circulation of electrolyte and replenish new electrolyte, so the present invention obtains good effect.It will realize that battery of electric vehicle is high-power, and cruising time is long, aspect requirements such as safety, environmental protection, low use cost, low manufacturing price; Of many uses, owing to realized high-power, cruising time is long, except being applied to automobile industry, we can say the place of all mobile electricity consumptions and power transmission and transformation line draw less than the place can use, also promptly can replace standby gasoline engine generator, this is all very extensive in national defense industry, outlying district, purposes among the people.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the assembling schematic diagram that a kind of nickel zinc does not have membrance fuel cells equipment.

Among the figure: nickel electrode 1, electrolyte 2, zinc electrode 3, supersonic generator 4, electrolyte import 5, electrolyte storage bin 6, pump inlet pipe 7, pump 8, communicating pipe 9, pump discharge pipe 10, electrolyte case 11.

Embodiment

Now with a concrete example explanation this programme, Fig. 1 has shown that a kind of nickel zinc does not have the structure and the assembly relation of membrance fuel cells apparatus parts.Nickel zinc does not have membrance fuel cells to be made up of nickel zinc electrode, electrolyte and pump, and also have supersonic generator 4 to produce ultrasonic waves and make electrolyte 2 concussions, and electrolyte casing 11 outer bottoms that have cyclic electrolysis liquid device, supersonic generator to be installed in electrolyte is housed.The cyclic electrolysis liquid device is made up of electrolyte case 11, electrolyte storage bin 6 and pump 8, and nickel electrode 1 is separated and relative unsettled being installed in the electrolyte case with zinc electrode 3, and the electrolyte case has communicating pipe 9 to connect the electrolyte storage bin.The outlet 10 of electrolyte storage bin is communicated with the import of pump 8, and delivery side of pump pipe 10 is communicated with electrolyte case 11.New electrolyte raw material adds the electrolyte storage bin from electrolyte import 5.

This programme has passed through lab scale, has following each side characteristics:

One, energy density, power density are high: nickel-zinc cell is energy density, the higher a kind of battery of power density in existing several batteries commonly used, and energy density is more than the 120W/L.Zinc provides generating required electron stream as metal fuel, gross data is 826 ampere-hours/kg, in this fuel cell electrolysis formula of liquid, floating voltage is 2V, be that per kilogram zinc can provide 1.65 degree in theory, if battery dress 300kg zinc that 500kg is about 500 liters, this part can provide nearly 500 degree for battery, and we can also constantly replenish adding solid, powdery fuel in electrolyte, about 300 degree in having burnt this process, zinc can additionally be provided, according to per 100 kilometers oil consumptions, 12 degree of present notion electric motor car, the enough dollies of this battery nearly zinc fuel that just changes more than 7000 kilometers that travels, laboratory stage is because problem of materials and manufacturing process are all finished by manual at present, and index is lower, but has also reached 40W/L, crest discharge is more than 5 hours continuously, and we have also grasped and can improve energy density and can make crest discharge last till the technology that zinc electrode has been burnt, so we are sure to realize reaching the index of theoretical value more than 80%.

Two, safe in utilization, owing to use waterborne liquid electrolyte, this fuel cell itself is not afraid of short circuit, and battery itself can not produce blast yet during the external load short circuit, uses overall safety.

Three, environmental protection, low use cost, the nickel Zinc-alkaline battery has been authenticated by the United Nations and has been the environmental protection battery, and the material that generates behind used zinc fuel of this fuel cell and the electrolyte generating generation chemical reaction is all recyclable, use again through electrolysis cycle, its technology is ripe chemical process, the main consumed power of reclaiming process, the transducing ratio is about 2:1, whole process is not eliminated any material, is to automobile usefulness, though conversion efficiency has only 50% the electric energy " conveying " of producing fuel, but use cost is more cheap than gasoline certainly, know that the every degree of some places cost of electricity-generating is several sharing money, 100 kilometers use 24 degree electricity just how much.

Four, low cost of manufacture, because the employed material of entire cell all is the huge materials of earth reserves, aboundresources, so the entire cell cost is extremely low, wherein the shared cost of nickel is the highest.And nickel is nonexpendable forever as anode collector, even motor vehicle liquidation, the value of battery also exists.And because we successfully develop no barrier film elimination zincode dendrite technology, make and to go up several ten thousand barrier film in the past, just solved, so battery cost has only about three to 1/4th of lithium battery with several thousand yuan, and the life-span is also longer than automobile, so profit margin is very huge.

Five, of many uses, owing to realized high-power, cruising time is long, except being applied to automobile industry, we can say the place of all mobile electricity consumptions and power transmission and transformation line draw less than the place can use, also promptly can replace standby gasoline engine generator, this is all very extensive in national defense industry, outlying district, purposes among the people.

Claims

1. a nickel zinc does not have the membrance fuel cells device, comprises nickel zinc electrode (1,3) and electrolyte (2), and (4) make electrolyte (2) produce void effect to electrode to it is characterized in that supersonic generator is arranged, and the cyclic electrolysis liquid device is arranged.

2. a kind of nickel zinc according to claim 1 does not have the membrance fuel cells device, it is characterized in that described supersonic generator (4) is installed in the outside wall surface of the electrolyte casing (11) that electrolyte (2) is housed.

3. a kind of nickel zinc according to claim 1 and 2 does not have the membrance fuel cells device, it is characterized in that described supersonic generator (4) is installed in the bottom surface outer wall of the electrolyte casing (11) that electrolyte (2) is housed.

4. a kind of nickel zinc according to claim 1 and 2 does not have the membrance fuel cells device, it is characterized in that described cyclic electrolysis liquid device is made up of electrolyte case (11), electrolyte storage bin (6) and pump (8), nickel electrode (1) is separated and relative unsettled being installed in the electrolyte case with zinc electrode (3), the electrolyte case has the communicating pipe of going out (9) to connect electrolyte storage bin (6), the electrolyte storage bin has outlet (9) to be communicated with the import of pump, and delivery side of pump has outlet (10) to be communicated with electrolyte case (11).