CN102185327A - Reversible fuel cell-based high-capacity power energy storage device - Google Patents
Reversible fuel cell-based high-capacity power energy storage device Download PDFInfo
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- CN102185327A CN102185327A CN2011100754325A CN201110075432A CN102185327A CN 102185327 A CN102185327 A CN 102185327A CN 2011100754325 A CN2011100754325 A CN 2011100754325A CN 201110075432 A CN201110075432 A CN 201110075432A CN 102185327 A CN102185327 A CN 102185327A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E70/00—Other energy conversion or management systems reducing GHG emissions
- Y02E70/30—Systems combining energy storage with energy generation of non-fossil origin
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Abstract
The invention discloses a reversible fuel cell-based high-capacity power energy storage device which comprises an AC/DC (Alternating Current/Direct Current) converting system, a reversible fuel cell system, a DC/AC converting system, a control system, a hydrogen storage system, an oxygen storage system and a water storage system. The electric energy is converted into chemical energy pure hydrogen and pure oxygen in an electrolysis running mode of the reversible fuel cell system, and the pure hydrogen and pure oxygen are respectively stored in the hydrogen storage system and the oxygen storage system; The stored hydrogen and oxygen are converted from chemical energy into electric energy in a power generation running mode of the reversible fuel cell system at the grid load peak time and combined into the grid by the DC/AC converting system. The product water in the running process of the whole energy storage device is stored into the water storage device, and the water consumed in the electrolysis running mode and water generated in the power generation running mode can be recycled. The invention realizes the energy conversion of electric energy and chemical energy under different demands and has the characteristics of high capacity, low cost, long service life and simple structure.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to electric power energy storage field, be particularly related to the reversible fuel cell energy storage technology, by reversible hydrogen/oxygen fuel cell, Chu Qing and storage oxygen system and control system, realize the extensive storage of electric energy, be specifically related to a kind of large-capacity power energy storage device based on reversible fuel cell.
Background technology
The energy is the important substance basis that human society is depended on for existence and development, is the important foundation stone of national economy, national security and realization sustainable development.Along with increasing rapidly of national economy, vigorous day by day to the demand of the energy, energy shortage and the problem of environmental pollution that fossil energy produced are becoming increasingly acute.Under the dual-pressure of energy security and environmental protection, regenerative resource comprises: the development and utilization of wind energy, solar energy, biomass energy, oceanic energy, geothermal energy etc. has caused the extensive concern of international community.Yet, regenerative resource such as wind energy, solar energy is subjected to the influence of weather and time period bigger, be typical randomness, intermittent power supply, need develop and build continuity and stability that corresponding power energy storing device or energy-accumulating power station are guaranteed renewable energy power generation, power supply.In addition, the large-scale electric energy memory technology also can be widely used in " peak load shifting " in the power industry, will significantly improve the imbalance between supply and demand of electric power, improves the utilance of existing generating equipment.Therefore, being developed as the existing all kinds of electricity generation systems of efficient utilization and realizing that continous-stable power-supplying is significant of large-capacity power energy storage technology and device might change following production of energy, transportation and occupation mode.
According to power conversion form difference, energy storage technology can be divided into: mechanical energy storage such as pumped storage, compressed-air energy storage and flywheel energy storage; Electromagnetism energy storage such as super conductive magnetic storage energy and ultracapacitor energy storage; Electrochemical energy storage such as all kinds of batteries to store energy and flow battery energy storage etc.Wherein pumped storage and compressed-air energy storage are subjected to the region limitations affect very big; The duration of flywheel energy storage, super conductive magnetic storage energy and ultracapacitor energy storage is shorter, and the longest energy storage time generally is no more than 15min; It is big that the electrochemical energy storage technology has energy density, longer duration, and be not subjected to advantage such as region restriction, be the extensive electric power energy storage technology that application prospect is arranged at present most.
Reversible fuel cell (RFC) is a kind of charged and discharged energy-storage battery that the water electrolysis hydrogen production technology is combined with the hydrogen oxygen fuel cell generation technology, i.e. 2H
2O+ electric energy → 2H
2+ O
2Just, inverse process is circulated carries out.Pure hydrogen of the active material of hydrogen oxygen fuel cell electricity generation system and pure oxygen can be able to " regeneration " by the water electrolysis hydrogen production technology, thereby play the energy storage effect.Reversible fuel cell is compared with the secondary accumulator battery of present application, have higher specific energy and specific power, particularly can realize higher stored energy capacitance, and there is not self discharge in using, also not being subjected to the restriction of depth of discharge and battery capacity etc., is a kind of tool novel large-capacity power energy-storage battery with broad prospects for development.
Reversible fuel cell can realize the double mode work of fuel cell pattern and electrolysis mode, water electrolysis hydrogen producing system and fuel cell generation are integrated into a reversible fuel cell system, simplify the system configuration of energy storage device, improved reliability and system's specific energy of system.Reversible fuel cell can be divided into alkaline hydrogen-oxygen reversible fuel cell, proton exchange membrane hydrogen-oxygen reversible fuel cell and soild oxide hydrogen-oxygen reversible fuel cell by the electrolyte characteristic.
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome the shortcoming of above-mentioned prior art, the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of large-capacity power energy storage device based on reversible fuel cell, can be with the realization electric energy and chemical energy power conversion under different demands of electric energy by reversible fuel cell, it is big to have capacity, cost is low, life-span is long, characteristic of simple structure.
In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, the technical solution used in the present invention is:
A kind of large-capacity power energy storage device based on reversible fuel cell comprises
AC/DC transformation system III, the electric energy that needs are stored is converted into direct current by interchange;
The IV of reversible fuel cell system is that direct current energy after charging process will transform is converted to pure hydrogen of chemical energy and pure oxygen by the electrolysis operational mode, is that discharge process is converted to electric energy with chemical energy by generating operating mode;
DC/AC transformation system VII is connected to the grid after the electric energy of the IV of reversible fuel cell system discharge process conversion is converted into interchange;
Control system X is according to discharging and recharging of the network load control reversible fuel cell IV of system;
Hydrogen storage system V stores the hydrogen that generates in the charging process and also uses for discharge process;
The storage oxygen VI of system stores the oxygen that generates in the charging process and also uses for discharge process;
Water storage system IX, the water that stores the discharge process generation also uses for charging process.
Wherein, described reversible fuel cell IV of system and non-reversible fuel cell structure are basic identical, form by hydrogen electrode, oxygen electrode and electrolyte, its hydrogen electrode and oxygen electrode play not same-action respectively when electrolysis operational mode (charging) and generating operating mode (discharge), when electrolysis operational mode (charging), external electric energy makes water generation cell reaction, and hydrogen electrode produces hydrogen, and oxygen electrode produces oxygen; When generating operating mode (discharge), hydrogen is oxidized to H at hydrogen electrode
+, oxygen is reduced to O at oxygen electrode
2-, and produce product water with H+, outwards discharge electric energy simultaneously.It adopts pure hydrogen/pure oxygen operating fuel, can be alkaline hydrogen oxygen reversible fuel cell, proton exchange membrane hydrogen-oxygen reversible fuel cell or soild oxide hydrogen-oxygen reversible fuel cell.
The described energy source of AC/DC transformation system III that is input to is in wind generator system, solar power system, thermal power generation system, hydroelectric power system, nuclear power station or operating electrical network.
Described hydrogen storage system V and the storage oxygen VI of system adopt normal pressure storage, the storage of middle pressure or high pressure storage, pressure limit 0～80MPa.
The present invention compared with prior art has the following advantages:
1) capacity is big: the big capacity storage of electric energy is the core of power energy storing device, the present invention is based on the jumbo power energy storing device of reversible fuel cell, pure hydrogen of its active material and pure oxygen adopt the outside mode that stores, be stored in respectively in hydrogen storage system and the storage oxygen system, the stored energy capacitance of this energy storage device is only determined by the volume and the pressure of hydrogen storage system and storage oxygen system, under the prior art condition, by increasing the volume and the pressure store of hydrogen storage system and storage oxygen system, the stored energy capacitance of this energy storage device can reach tens of million to hundred megawatt hours, is enclosed in the storage capacitor amount of the secondary accumulator battery of inside battery far above active material.And the stored energy capacitance and the power output of this energy storage device are separate, can design respectively.The reversible fuel cell system adopts module combinations, and input, power output are easy to regulate, and be scalable.The storage process of pure hydrogen of active material and pure oxygen adopts physical store, and memory capacity and storage time all can be convenient to regulate.
2) life-span is long, cost is low: the chief component of the large-capacity power energy storage device based on reversible fuel cell of the present invention: the IV of reversible fuel cell system, as far back as 1996, U.S. Lao Lunsi livermore national laboratory LLNL adopts the proton exchange model reversible fuel cell to carry out circulation experiment several thousand times, has confirmed that it has long cycle life and high-performance.The reversible fuel cell system that LLNL has also designed, develops, demonstrated and had high-performance, long circulation life with its industrial cooperation person.Under the subsidy of NASA of Nasa and the EPRI of electric power research association, Proton Energy Systems company was since reversible fuel cell technology development work in 1998, its result of study shows: performance and the performance of special water electrolysis hydrogen production system and fuel cell generation of reversible fuel cell under electrolysis operational mode charging and generating operating mode discharge is basic identical, and the performance under the fuel cell power generation operational mode is more excellent.Secondly, compare with secondary accumulator battery, the reversible fuel cell system can the produce power loss owing to self discharge, and does not have the solid phase and the morphology change of the active material that secondary accumulator battery often has during the charge and discharge of reversible fuel cell system, makes its longer service life.And the reversible fuel cell system can realize high-pressure electrolysis, thereby do not need mechanical compress just can realize high-pressure gas, simplified system configuration, reduced system energy consumption.In addition, the hydrogen storage system V of this large-capacity power energy storage device and the storage oxygen VI of system, parts such as AC/DC transformation system III, DC/AC transformation system VII are the ripe commercially produced product of technology, and its useful life is all more than 15 years.By the system integration of each part, this large-capacity power energy storage device is with the obvious advantage aspect useful life and cost.
3) simple in structure: a kind of large-capacity power energy storage device of the present invention based on reversible fuel cell, only adopt electrochemical appliance of reversible fuel cell, can realize water electrolysis hydrogen production (electrolysis mode) and two processes of fuel cell power generation (power generation mode) simultaneously, realization is with the large-capacity power energy storage as energy medium of pure hydrogen and pure oxygen, simplified the system configuration of energy storage device, reduce system's operation and maintenance cost, improved reliability and system's specific energy of system.
In general, a kind of large-capacity power energy storage device based on reversible fuel cell of the present invention has big capacity, low cost, long-life and advantage such as simple in structure, in extensive electric power energy storage field wide application prospect is arranged.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a kind of large-capacity power energy storage device structure chart based on reversible fuel cell of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is a kind of large-capacity power energy storage device electrolysis operational mode (charging) schematic diagram based on reversible fuel cell of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is a kind of large-capacity power energy storage device generating operating mode (discharge) schematic diagram based on reversible fuel cell of the present invention;
Embodiment
Describe embodiments of the present invention in detail below in conjunction with drawings and Examples.
Fig. 1 has provided a kind of large-capacity power energy storage device structure chart based on reversible fuel cell of the present invention, comprises
AC/DC transformation system III, the electric energy that needs are stored is converted into direct current by interchange;
The IV of reversible fuel cell system is that direct current energy after charging process will transform is converted to pure hydrogen of chemical energy and pure oxygen by the electrolysis operational mode, is that discharge process is converted to electric energy with chemical energy by generating operating mode;
DC/AC transformation system VII is connected to the grid after the electric energy of the IV of reversible fuel cell system discharge process conversion is converted into interchange;
Control system X is according to discharging and recharging of the network load control reversible fuel cell IV of system;
Hydrogen storage system V stores the hydrogen that generates in the charging process and also uses for discharge process;
The storage oxygen VI of system stores the oxygen that generates in the charging process and also uses for discharge process;
Water storage system IX, the water that stores the discharge process generation also uses for charging process.
At first determine the power and the stored energy capacitance of this energy storage device according to renewable energy systems such as wind energy, solar energy or the actual conditions of network load low ebb phase.Then according to the IV of reversible fuel cell system, AC/DC transformation system III, the actual motion power of DC/AC transformation system VII and required galvanic pile module number in this energy storage device power demand design energy storage device; Volume and gas storage pressure according to hydrogen storage system V, the storage oxygen VI of system, water storage system IX in this energy storage device desired volume design energy storage device.
Concrete operation method of the present invention is:
Because this energy storage device adopts electrochemical appliance of reversible fuel cell, can realize water electrolysis hydrogen production (electrolysis mode) and two processes of fuel cell power generation (power generation mode) simultaneously, so its concrete operations mainly is divided into two operational modes:
(1) electrolysis operational mode is a charging process: as Fig. 2, the present invention is a kind of based on shown in the large-capacity power energy storage device electrolysis operational mode charging schematic diagram of reversible fuel cell.Renewable energy system I such as solar energy, wind energy or the electrical network II electric energy of network load low ebb phase are converted to direct current by AC/DC transformation system III, the input reversible fuel cell IV of system, the control system X control reversible fuel cell IV of system moves under electrolysis mode, with the water electrolysis among the water storage system IX is pure hydrogen and pure oxygen, is stored in respectively among hydrogen storage system V and the storage oxygen VI of system and realizes that converting electrical energy into chemical energy stores.
Under this electrolysis operational mode there be the part of required control operation: AC/DC transformation system III, the IV of reversible fuel cell system, Chu Qing V, the storage oxygen VI of system, water storage system IX and control system X.Wherein AC/DC transformation system III and the IV of reversible fuel cell system all adopt modularized design to adapt to the electrolysis mode operation under the different input power;
(2) generating operating mode discharge process: as Fig. 3, the present invention is a kind of based on shown in the large-capacity power energy storage device generating operating mode discharge schematic diagram of reversible fuel cell.In the network load peak period, the IV of system moves under power generation mode by control system X control reversible fuel cell, control discharges the pure hydrogen be stored in respectively in hydrogen storage system V and the storage oxygen VI of system and pure oxygen to the IV of reversible fuel cell system, the chemical energy of pure hydrogen and pure oxygen directly is converted to direct current energy efficiently, and by DC/AC transformation system VII it is transformed to alternating current and carries electrical network, to satisfy the need for electricity of network load peak period.The reversible fuel cell system product water of IV under generating operating mode is delivered among the water storage system IX and stores, so that the IV of reversible fuel cell system recycling under the electrolysis operational mode.
Under this generating operating mode there be the part of required control operation: Chu Qing V and the storage oxygen VI of system, the IV of reversible fuel cell system, water storage system IX, DC/AC transformation system VII.Wherein the IV of reversible fuel cell system, DC/AC transformation system VII all adopt modularized design to adapt to the discharge process under the different output power.
A kind of large-capacity power energy storage device based on reversible fuel cell of the present invention passes through the control reversible fuel cell IV of the system independent operating under electrolysis mode and power generation mode respectively, can realize the extensive storage of electric power, and this has big capacity, low cost, long-life and advantage such as simple in structure, has a extensive future.
Claims (7)
1. the large-capacity power energy storage device based on reversible fuel cell is characterized in that, comprising:
AC/DC transformation system (III), the electric energy that needs are stored is converted into direct current by interchange;
Reversible fuel cell system (IV) is that direct current energy after charging process will transform is converted to pure hydrogen of chemical energy and pure oxygen by the electrolysis operational mode, is that discharge process is converted to electric energy with chemical energy by generating operating mode;
DC/AC transformation system (VII) is connected to the grid after the electric energy of reversible fuel cell system (IV) discharge process conversion is converted into interchange;
Control system (X) is according to discharging and recharging of network load control reversible fuel cell system (IV);
Hydrogen storage system (V) stores the hydrogen that generates in the charging process and also uses for discharge process;
Storage oxygen system (VI) stores the oxygen that generates in the charging process and also uses for discharge process;
Water storage system (IX), the water that stores the discharge process generation also uses for charging process.
2. a kind of large-capacity power energy storage device according to claim 1 based on reversible fuel cell, it is characterized in that the described energy source of AC/DC transformation system (III) that is input to is in wind generator system, solar power system, thermal power generation system, hydroelectric power system, nuclear power station or operating electrical network.
3. a kind of large-capacity power energy storage device based on reversible fuel cell according to claim 1 is characterized in that described reversible fuel cell system (IV) adopts pure hydrogen/pure oxygen operating fuel.
4. a kind of large-capacity power energy storage device according to claim 1 based on reversible fuel cell, it is characterized in that described reversible fuel cell system (IV) is alkaline hydrogen-oxygen reversible fuel cell, proton exchange membrane hydrogen-oxygen reversible fuel cell or soild oxide hydrogen-oxygen reversible fuel cell.
5. a kind of large-capacity power energy storage device based on reversible fuel cell according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described hydrogen storage system (V) adopts normal pressure storage, the storage of middle pressure or high pressure storage, pressure limit 0～80MPa.
6. a kind of large-capacity power energy storage device based on reversible fuel cell according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described storage oxygen system (VI) adopts normal pressure storage, the storage of middle pressure or high pressure storage, pressure limit 0～80MPa.
7. a kind of large-capacity power energy storage device according to claim 1 based on reversible fuel cell, it is characterized in that, described reversible fuel cell system (IV) is made up of hydrogen electrode, oxygen electrode and electrolyte, when the electrolysis operational mode, external electric energy makes water generation cell reaction, hydrogen electrode produces hydrogen, and oxygen electrode produces oxygen; When generating operating mode, hydrogen is oxidized to H at hydrogen electrode
+, oxygen is reduced to O at oxygen electrode
2-, and and H
+Produce product water, outwards discharge electric energy simultaneously.
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Cited By (14)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102983618A (en) * | 2012-11-19 | 2013-03-20 | 江苏科技大学 | Capacity allocation method of independent type photovoltaic fuel cell electric heating combined supply energy system |
| CN103633656A (en) * | 2012-08-26 | 2014-03-12 | 九峰控股香港有限公司 | Electric power generation method and electric power generation system |
| CN103683308A (en) * | 2012-09-05 | 2014-03-26 | 林宏玮 | Backup power control method and control system for power supply equipment |
| CN105261770A (en) * | 2015-09-30 | 2016-01-20 | 国网智能电网研究院 | New energy electrolysis and storage system |
| CN105874677A (en) * | 2014-01-13 | 2016-08-17 | 罗伯特·博世有限公司 | Method for temporarily storing the electric energy of energy supply system and regenerative energy storage device |
| CN106086923A (en) * | 2016-07-22 | 2016-11-09 | 全球能源互联网研究院 | A kind of coupling CO2the hydrogen manufacturing energy storage device of recycling |
| CN106402647A (en) * | 2016-11-20 | 2017-02-15 | 硕橙（厦门）科技有限公司 | Self-supporting hydrogen refueling station utilizing renewable energy sources |
| CN107546401A (en) * | 2017-07-28 | 2018-01-05 | 上海交通大学 | A kind of bidirectional reversible fuel cell system |
| CN109217370A (en) * | 2018-10-26 | 2019-01-15 | 中国科学院青岛生物能源与过程研究所 | A kind of power generation that wind/light is complementary with biomass and chemicals energy-storage system and control method |
| CN110391678A (en) * | 2019-06-05 | 2019-10-29 | 全球能源互联网欧洲研究院 | A kind of emergency electric system based on offshore platform |
| CN110797555A (en) * | 2019-10-23 | 2020-02-14 | 南京耐百特智能电气有限公司 | Electric power energy storage device |
| CN112510702A (en) * | 2020-11-26 | 2021-03-16 | 国网安徽省电力有限公司经济技术研究院 | Comprehensive energy station planning method and system for generating power and producing gas by renewable energy sources |
| CN116613358A (en) * | 2023-05-08 | 2023-08-18 | 清华大学 | Closed high-pressure water electrolysis hydrogen production energy storage system |
| US11888196B2 (en) | 2021-06-16 | 2024-01-30 | Hydrolite Ltd | Self-refueling power-generating systems |
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| CN103633656A (en) * | 2012-08-26 | 2014-03-12 | 九峰控股香港有限公司 | Electric power generation method and electric power generation system |
| CN103683308A (en) * | 2012-09-05 | 2014-03-26 | 林宏玮 | Backup power control method and control system for power supply equipment |
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| CN105874677A (en) * | 2014-01-13 | 2016-08-17 | 罗伯特·博世有限公司 | Method for temporarily storing the electric energy of energy supply system and regenerative energy storage device |
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| CN106402647B (en) * | 2016-11-20 | 2020-07-28 | 硕橙（厦门）科技有限公司 | Hydrogenation station utilizing renewable energy |
| CN106402647A (en) * | 2016-11-20 | 2017-02-15 | 硕橙（厦门）科技有限公司 | Self-supporting hydrogen refueling station utilizing renewable energy sources |
| CN107546401A (en) * | 2017-07-28 | 2018-01-05 | 上海交通大学 | A kind of bidirectional reversible fuel cell system |
| CN107546401B (en) * | 2017-07-28 | 2020-03-17 | 上海交通大学 | Bidirectional reversible fuel cell system |
| CN109217370A (en) * | 2018-10-26 | 2019-01-15 | 中国科学院青岛生物能源与过程研究所 | A kind of power generation that wind/light is complementary with biomass and chemicals energy-storage system and control method |
| CN110391678A (en) * | 2019-06-05 | 2019-10-29 | 全球能源互联网欧洲研究院 | A kind of emergency electric system based on offshore platform |
| CN110797555A (en) * | 2019-10-23 | 2020-02-14 | 南京耐百特智能电气有限公司 | Electric power energy storage device |
| CN112510702A (en) * | 2020-11-26 | 2021-03-16 | 国网安徽省电力有限公司经济技术研究院 | Comprehensive energy station planning method and system for generating power and producing gas by renewable energy sources |
| CN112510702B (en) * | 2020-11-26 | 2024-04-26 | 国网安徽省电力有限公司经济技术研究院 | Comprehensive energy station planning method and system for renewable energy power generation and gas production |
| US11888196B2 (en) | 2021-06-16 | 2024-01-30 | Hydrolite Ltd | Self-refueling power-generating systems |
| CN116613358A (en) * | 2023-05-08 | 2023-08-18 | 清华大学 | Closed high-pressure water electrolysis hydrogen production energy storage system |
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Application publication date: 20110914 |