CN102288408B - Apparatus and method for monitoring wear of a crosshead bearing in stroke diesel engine - Google Patents
Apparatus and method for monitoring wear of a crosshead bearing in stroke diesel engine Download PDFInfo
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- CN102288408B CN102288408B CN201110117518.XA CN201110117518A CN102288408B CN 102288408 B CN102288408 B CN 102288408B CN 201110117518 A CN201110117518 A CN 201110117518A CN 102288408 B CN102288408 B CN 102288408B
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B77/00—Component parts, details or accessories, not otherwise provided for
- F02B77/08—Safety, indicating, or supervising devices
- F02B77/083—Safety, indicating, or supervising devices relating to maintenance, e.g. diagnostic device
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C17/00—Sliding-contact bearings for exclusively rotary movement
- F16C17/12—Sliding-contact bearings for exclusively rotary movement characterised by features not related to the direction of the load
- F16C17/24—Sliding-contact bearings for exclusively rotary movement characterised by features not related to the direction of the load with devices affected by abnormal or undesired positions, e.g. for preventing overheating, for safety
- F16C17/246—Sliding-contact bearings for exclusively rotary movement characterised by features not related to the direction of the load with devices affected by abnormal or undesired positions, e.g. for preventing overheating, for safety related to wear, e.g. sensors for measuring wear
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M13/00—Testing of machine parts
- G01M13/04—Bearings
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M15/00—Testing of engines
- G01M15/04—Testing internal-combustion engines
- G01M15/06—Testing internal-combustion engines by monitoring positions of pistons or cranks
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B75/00—Other engines
- F02B75/02—Engines characterised by their cycles, e.g. six-stroke
- F02B2075/022—Engines characterised by their cycles, e.g. six-stroke having less than six strokes per cycle
- F02B2075/025—Engines characterised by their cycles, e.g. six-stroke having less than six strokes per cycle two
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- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Combined Controls Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
- Testing Of Engines (AREA)
Abstract
An apparatus for monitoring wear of a crosshead bearing, a crankpin bearing and a main bearing in a large two stroke diesel engine, said apparatus comprising at least two sensors, wherein said sensors are arranged and configured for measuring a bottom dead centre level in a given cylinder relative to a fixed point of the engine, wherein said apparatus further comprises a controller configured to: receive a signal from each sensor; compensate each signal depending on an engine operating condition such as a speed; and determine whether a threshold value has been exceeded and if SO issue an indication of the exceeded threshold.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of for measuring equipment and the method for the wearing and tearing of large-sized two-stroke diesel engine centre bearer.
Background technology
The main bearing of large-sized two-stroke diesel engine, crank pin bearing and cross head bearing have bottom bearing shell and the top bearing case that limits bearing surface, and this bearing surface is for supporting corresponding bearing journal.Bearing case has the steel lining back of the body, and this steel lining back has one deck bearing metal.This bearing metal is generally a layer thickness and is approximately 1.5 to 2mm tin-aluminium alloy or white metal.
Although the production of these engines and operation are very careful, still there is little failure rate in it.Because most of large-sized two-stroke diesel engines are engines of foreign-going ship, extremely do not expect the engine failure that generation is caused by fault bearing.
For example, and the cost of bearing maintenance may be subject matter, needs heavy cutting crank axle, it can cause a large amount of engine shutdown time.
For fear of the generation of this situation, need Mei Si Dao Wunianyou classification society to implement the inspection being determined by classification society, during this period bearing is dismantled and checked.
These check quite complicated and need to dismantle bearing and then reinstall bearing.This operation comprises very large generated error (bulid error) risk, and generated error is the error causing in overhaul process.
In order to reduce the needs to checking, prior art has proposed to detect by measuring bearing distance the wearing and tearing of bearing.
U.S. Patent application US2007/0017280 discloses by each cylinder being used to the position of the guide block of two sensor measurement crossheads.Can detect the wearing and tearing in main bearing, crank pin bearing and cross head bearing like this, also can determine whether wearing and tearing are present in main bearing or in crank pin bearing and cross head bearing.These are measured for determining whether wearing and tearing are about to cause fault and fault whether will give a warning.
As mentioned above, the consequence of fault can be very fearful, and therefore effective and accurate bearing wear sensing mode is very useful.
Summary of the invention
Under this background, by provide the method and apparatus that is intended to calibrate and/or understand sensor reading in improved mode to provide the efficiency of prior art systems and accuracy being carried out to improved apparatus and method, will be favourable.
The primary and foremost purpose of monitoring bearing wearing and tearing is before it develops into heat causes damage degree to other parts except bearing insert, to detect the fault of bearing.May be crosshead, crank pin, main bearing journal or bearing housing because of the affected parts of distortion.Such infringement conventionally can be worn through and produce in the situation that producing contact between axle and the bearing case steel lining back of the body at bearing insert.
Should be noted that, even following, describe and focus on that the compensation to engine speed, instruction herein are also applicable to compensate airscrewpiston rank and load.These are all the movable parts affecting in engine, such as with regard to some examples being the example of engine operating condition of the lower dead center (BDC) of crosshead or slide block.
Disclosed embodiment provides for monitoring the equipment of large-sized two-stroke diesel engine cross head bearing, crank pin bearing and main bearing wear, described equipment comprises at least two sensors, wherein said sensor is set up and is configured to for measuring the crosshead relevant to point of fixity described engine given cylinder or the lower dead center of slide block, wherein said equipment also comprises controller, and it is configured to: receive the signal from each sensor; According to the service condition of engine, each signal is compensated; Determine that deviation is to adapt to the factor that affects sensor signal; Determine whether to have exceeded threshold value, and if send the indication that exceeds threshold value.
In one embodiment, the speed that engine operational conditions is engine.
In one embodiment, engine operational conditions is airscrewpiston rank.
In one embodiment, engine operational conditions is load.
By determining the deviation of sensor signal, controller can adapt to the ectocine that more than one sensor is impacted, otherwise this ectocine will be read as the variation of BDC level.
The aspect of the disclosed embodiments also aims to provide a kind of method of implementing in having the equipment of controller, this controller is configured to carry out and is stored in the instruction in physical medium, described method is for monitoring the wearing and tearing of large-sized two-stroke diesel engine cross head bearing, crank pin bearing and main bearing, described equipment comprises at least two sensors, wherein said sensor is set up and is configured to for measuring crosshead that given cylinder is relevant to engine point of fixity or the lower dead center of guide block, and wherein said method comprises: receive the signal from each sensor; According to the service condition of engine, each signal is compensated; Determine that deviation is to adapt to the factor that affects sensor signal; Determine whether to have exceeded threshold value, and if send the indication that exceeds threshold value.
The aspect of the disclosed embodiments also aims to provide a kind of equipment of monitoring the wearing and tearing of cross head bearing in large-sized two-stroke diesel engine, crank pin bearing and main bearing, described equipment comprises at least two sensors, wherein said sensor is set up and is configured to for measuring crosshead that given cylinder is relevant to engine point of fixity or the lower dead center of guide block, wherein said equipment also comprises controller, and it is configured to: receive the signal from each sensor; According to the service condition of engine, each signal is compensated; Determine whether to have exceeded threshold value, and if send the indication that exceeds threshold value, and wherein said controller is also configured to the current operation according to engine and dynamically changes described threshold value.
The aspect of the disclosed embodiments also aims to provide a kind of method of implementing in having the equipment of controller, this controller is set to carry out and is stored in the instruction in physical medium, described method is for monitoring the wearing and tearing of large-sized two-stroke diesel engine cross head bearing, crank pin bearing and main bearing, described equipment comprises at least two sensors, wherein said sensor is set up and is configured to for measuring the lower dead center (BDC) of the crosshead of the given cylinder relevant to engine point of fixity, and wherein said method comprises: receive the signal from each sensor; According to the service condition of engine, each signal is compensated; Determine whether to have exceeded threshold value, and if send the indication that exceeds threshold value, and wherein said method also comprises that current operation dynamically changes described threshold value according to engine.
The aspect of the disclosed embodiments also aims to provide cross head bearing in a kind of monitoring large-sized two-stroke diesel engine, the equipment of the wearing and tearing of crank pin bearing and main bearing, described equipment comprises at least two sensors, wherein said sensor is set up and is configured to for measuring crosshead that given cylinder is relevant to engine point of fixity or the lower dead center of guide block, and wherein said at least two sensors are configured such that in each cylinder, to have two sensors, a front sensors and a rear sensor, wherein said equipment also comprises controller, it is configured to: receive the signal from each sensor, according to the service condition of engine, each signal is compensated, determine whether to have exceeded threshold value, and if words, send the indication that exceeds threshold value, and wherein said controller is also configured to: by the incompatible definite bearing of the rear sensor signal node of the front sensors signal of the first cylinder and the second cylinder is worn, and/or by by the rear sensor signal combination of the front sensors signal of the first cylinder and same cylinder, and in conjunction with the signal of these two sensors and the result of these two sensor signals and described threshold level are relatively come to determine that bearing is worn.
The aspect of the disclosed embodiments also aims to provide a kind of method of implementing in having the equipment of controller, this controller is configured to carry out and is stored in the instruction in physical medium, described method is for monitoring the wearing and tearing of large-sized two-stroke diesel engine cross head bearing, crank pin bearing and main bearing, described equipment comprises at least two sensors, wherein said sensor is set up and is configured to for measuring crosshead that given cylinder is relevant to engine point of fixity or the lower dead center of slide block, and wherein said method comprises: receive the signal from each sensor; According to the service condition of engine, each signal is compensated; Determine whether to have exceeded threshold value, and if words, send the indication that exceeds threshold value, and wherein said method also comprises by the incompatible definite bearing of the rear sensor signal node of the front sensors signal of the first cylinder and the second cylinder is worn bad or in critical conditions, and/or by by the rear sensor signal combination of the front sensors signal of the first cylinder and same cylinder, and relatively carry out to determine be worn evil idea or in critical conditions of bearing in conjunction with the signal of these two sensors and by the result of these two sensor signals and described threshold level.
The aspect of the disclosed embodiments also aims to provide a kind of equipment of monitoring the wearing and tearing of cross head bearing in large-sized two-stroke diesel engine, crank pin bearing and main bearing, described equipment comprises at least two sensors, wherein said sensor is set up and is configured to for measuring crosshead that given cylinder is relevant to engine point of fixity or the lower dead center of guide block, wherein said equipment also comprises controller, and it is configured to: receive the signal from each sensor; According to the service condition of engine, each signal is compensated; Determine whether to have exceeded threshold value, and if words, send the indication that exceeds threshold value, and wherein said controller is also configured to: by the average level of the sensor signal of reception and the signal value in previous time cycle relatively being detected to the quick variation of BDC level.
The aspect of the disclosed embodiments also aims to provide a kind of equipment of monitoring the wearing and tearing of cross head bearing in engine, crank pin bearing and main bearing, described equipment comprises at least two sensors, wherein said sensor is set up and is configured to for measuring crosshead that given cylinder is relevant to engine point of fixity or the lower dead center of guide block, wherein said equipment also comprises controller, and it is configured to: receive the signal from each sensor; According to the service condition of engine, each signal is compensated; Determine whether to have exceeded threshold value, and if send the indication that exceeds threshold value, and wherein said controller is also configured to: the quick variation of lower dead center level so detected: the reference levels that upgrade sensor; Upgrade the present level of sensor; And, determine reference value and determine whether this reference value has exceeded fast-changing threshold level.
The aspect of the disclosed embodiments also aims to provide a kind of for monitoring the method for the wearing and tearing of engine cross head bearing, crank pin bearing and main bearing, described equipment comprises at least two sensors, wherein said sensor is set up and is configured to for measuring crosshead that given cylinder is relevant to engine point of fixity or the lower dead center of guide block, wherein said equipment also comprises controller, and it is configured to: receive the signal from each sensor; According to the service condition of engine, each signal is compensated; Determine whether to have exceeded threshold value, and if send the indication that exceeds threshold value, and wherein said controller is also configured to: the quick variation of lower dead center level so detected: the reference levels that upgrade sensor; Upgrade the present level of sensor; And, determine reference value and determine whether this reference value has exceeded fast-changing threshold level.
The aspect of the disclosed embodiments also aims to provide a kind of method of implementing in having the equipment of controller, this controller is configured to carry out and is stored in the instruction in physical medium, described method is for monitoring the wearing and tearing of large-sized two-stroke diesel engine cross head bearing, crank pin bearing and main bearing, described equipment comprises at least two sensors, wherein said sensor is set up and is configured to for measuring crosshead that given cylinder is relevant to engine point of fixity or the lower dead center of slide block, and wherein said method comprises: receive the signal from each sensor; According to the service condition of engine, each signal is compensated; Determine whether to have exceeded threshold value, and if send the indication that exceeds threshold value, and wherein said method also comprises by the average level in the cycle relatively detects the quick variation of BDC level by the sensor values recording and previous time.
The aspect of the disclosed embodiments also aims to provide a kind of equipment of monitoring the wearing and tearing of cross head bearing in large-sized two-stroke diesel engine, crank pin bearing and main bearing, described equipment comprises at least two sensors, wherein said sensor is set up and is configured to for measuring crosshead that given cylinder is relevant to engine point of fixity or the lower dead center of guide block, wherein said equipment also comprises controller, and it is configured to: receive the signal from each sensor; According to the service condition of engine, each signal is compensated; Determine whether to have exceeded threshold value, and if words, send the indication that exceeds threshold value, and wherein said controller is also configured to: in learning phase, at described engine run duration, sensor values by first quantity of sampling generates engine speed compensation meter, the sensor values of described the first quantity is relevant to the speed point of the second quantity of described engine run duration, and, after the sampling receiving for the first quantity of a speed point, by the average received sampled value for this speed point, determine reference value.
The aspect of the disclosed embodiments also aims to provide a kind of method of implementing in having the equipment of controller, this controller is configured to carry out and is stored in the instruction in physical medium, described method is for monitoring the wearing and tearing of large-sized two-stroke diesel engine cross head bearing, crank pin bearing and main bearing, described equipment comprises at least two sensors, wherein said sensor is set up and is configured to for measuring crosshead that given cylinder is relevant to engine point of fixity or the lower dead center of slide block, and wherein said method comprises: receive the signal from each sensor; According to the service condition of engine, each signal is compensated; Determine whether to have exceeded threshold value, and if words, send the indication that exceeds threshold value, and wherein said method also comprises: in learning phase, at described engine run duration, sensor values by first quantity of sampling generates engine operational conditions compensation meter, and the sensor values of described the first quantity is relevant to the speed point of the second quantity of described engine run duration; And, after the sampling receiving for speed point first quantity, by the average received sampled value for this speed point, determine reference value.
The aspect of the disclosed embodiments also aims to provide a kind of equipment of monitoring the wearing and tearing of cross head bearing in large-sized two-stroke diesel engine, crank pin bearing and main bearing, described equipment comprises at least two sensors, wherein said sensor is set up and is configured to for measuring crosshead that given cylinder is relevant to engine point of fixity or the lower dead center of guide block, wherein said equipment also comprises controller, and it is configured to: receive the signal from each sensor; According to the service condition of engine, each signal is compensated; Determine whether to have exceeded threshold value, and if words, send the indication that exceeds threshold value, and wherein said controller is also configured to: by calculating the mean deviation of the sensor of being readjusted or replacing in the time cycle, according to service condition compensation look-up table compensating signal value, by adjusting, from the signal of the sensor of being readjusted or replacing, readjust and be replaced or controlled sensor thus; And according to calculated mean deviation, compensate the reference value of affected sensor.
The aspect of the disclosed embodiments also aims to provide a kind of method of implementing in having the equipment of controller, this controller is configured to carry out and is stored in the instruction in physical medium, described method is for monitoring the wearing and tearing of large-sized two-stroke diesel engine cross head bearing, crank pin bearing and main bearing, described equipment comprises at least two sensors, wherein said sensor is set up and is configured to for measuring crosshead that given cylinder is relevant to engine point of fixity or the lower dead center of slide block, and wherein said method comprises: receive the signal from each sensor; According to the service condition of engine, each signal is compensated; Determine whether to have exceeded threshold value, and if words, send the indication that exceeds threshold value, and wherein said method also comprises: by calculating the mean deviation of the sensor of being readjusted or replacing in the time cycle, according to service condition compensation look-up table compensating signal value, by regulating, from the signal of the sensor of being readjusted or replacing, readjust and be replaced or controlled sensor thus; And according to calculated mean deviation, compensate the reference value of affected sensor.
The aspect of the disclosed embodiments also aims to provide a kind of equipment of monitoring the wearing and tearing of cross head bearing in large-sized two-stroke diesel engine, crank pin bearing and main bearing, described equipment comprises at least two sensors, wherein said sensor is set up and is configured to for measuring crosshead that given cylinder is relevant to engine point of fixity or the lower dead center of guide block, wherein said equipment also comprises controller, and it is configured to: receive the signal from each sensor; According to the service condition of engine, each signal is compensated; Determine whether to have exceeded threshold value, and if send the indication that exceeds threshold value, and wherein said controller is also configured to: generate trend curve, this curve shows in the time interval whether occurred any wearing and tearing.
The aspect of the disclosed embodiments also aims to provide a kind of method of implementing in having the equipment of controller, this controller is configured to carry out and is stored in the instruction in physical medium, described method is for monitoring the wearing and tearing of large-sized two-stroke diesel engine cross head bearing, crank pin bearing and main bearing, described equipment comprises at least two sensors, wherein said sensor is set up and is configured to for measuring crosshead that given cylinder is relevant to engine point of fixity or the lower dead center of slide block, and wherein said method comprises: receive the signal from each sensor; According to the service condition of engine, each signal is compensated; Determine whether to have exceeded threshold value, and if, send the indication that exceeds threshold value, and wherein said method also comprises generation trend curve, whether this curve there are any wearing and tearing during showing a time interval.
The aspect of the disclosed embodiments also aims to provide a kind of comprising according to the engine of above-mentioned any equipment.
The aspect of the disclosed embodiments also aims to provide a kind of comprising according to the marine vessel of above-mentioned engine.
The aspect of the disclosed embodiments also aims to provide a kind of computer-readable medium, it at least comprises that described computer-readable medium comprises for carrying out according to the software code of any one or more above-mentioned methods for monitoring the computer program code of the bearing wear of large-sized two-stroke diesel engine.
From detailed description, according to other object, feature, advantage and the performance of the application's equipment, method and computer-readable medium, will become more apparent.
Accompanying drawing explanation
In the following detailed part of this instructions, will to instruction of the present invention, explain in further detail with reference to example embodiment shown in the drawings, wherein:
Fig. 1 is according to the schematic diagram of the engine of an embodiment,
Fig. 2 is according to the diagrammatic view of the bearing of an embodiment,
Fig. 3 is the process flow diagram of having described according to the common method of an embodiment,
Fig. 4 is the process flow diagram of having described according to the method for an embodiment,
Fig. 5 is the process flow diagram of having described according to the method for an embodiment,
Fig. 6 shows according to the figure of the curve of an embodiment,
Fig. 7 shows according to the figure of the curve of an embodiment,
Fig. 8 is the process flow diagram of having described according to the method for an embodiment,
Fig. 9 is the process flow diagram of having described according to the method for an embodiment, and
Figure 10 shows according to the figure of the curve of an embodiment.
Embodiment
In ensuing detailed description, the embodiment by relevant to large-sized two-stroke diesel engine is described according to the equipment of the application's instruction, method and software product.Should be noted that, although only described two-stroke engine, the application's instruction also can be applied in any engine, such as Otto cycle engine, two-cycle gasoline engine and small two-stroke diesel motor.
Fig. 1 is the sectional view of engine 100.This engine has bent axle, and this bent axle has king journal 110 and one or more crank pin 120, and wherein each crank pin 120 is connected with crosshead 130.
Each cylinder at least has three bearings, main bearing 140 (invisible in Fig. 1, to be illustrated by the broken lines), crank pin bearing 150 and cross head bearing 160.
Each cylinder is provided with two sensors 170 (only illustrating).In one embodiment, a sensor 170 is arranged on the rear portion of crosshead 130, and a sensor 170 is arranged on the front portion of crosshead 130.Sensor 170 is set to measure the distance between crosshead 130 and a point of fixity.Or, sensor is set and to measure one, is attached to the point of crosshead and the distance between a point of fixity.
Or, sensor is set to measure the distance about guide block 135.
In Fig. 1, sensor 170 is arranged on engine structure 100 and measures to the distance of reflecting plate 175, and this reflecting plate 175 is attached on guide block 135.It should be noted that, how the sensor for using what type, arrange this sensor and what distance of this sensor measurement, has different selections.
In a preferred embodiment, sensor 170 is arranged on engine structure, and because sensor keeps static, it produces the most reliable reading.
In one embodiment, sensor board 175 is arranged on crosshead pin the reading that the angular motion to guarantee to reduce by guide block 135 causes and fluctuates.
In one embodiment, sensor is set for example, to determine the structure that is connected to crosshead in engine or moves (guide block as above together with crosshead, but may be also other structure) lower dead center level, wherein determine the indrect reading of crosshead lower dead center level.Therefore the lower dead center level of, measuring such structure can be determined deviation and the variation of the lower dead center level of crosshead.
Or sensor 170 arranges diacritically, and they even can be arranged on and the axle position on a line not.Yet preferably, they and axle be arranged in parallel.And preferably, sensor arranges along the direction coaxial spaced parallel with axle, because can determine that like this wearing and tearing are in main bearing 140.
Therefore, sensor is configured to provide the measurement to minimum point level, that is: the lower dead center level of crosshead 130 during the rev of engine 100.
As being obvious for those skilled in the art, for how implementing sensor 170, there are many selectable methods, such as optical close is from sensor or capacitance measurement Proximity Sensor.
Fig. 2 is exemplified with the general structure of bearing 200, and this bearing 200 has the jacket wall 220 of core 210 and soft metal (such as white metal or the tin-aluminium alloy) of hard metal (such as steel).
The thickness of this lining is conventionally in 1.0 to 1.5mm scope, and sensor 170 is designed to precision repeated measurement distance or level with +/-0.01mm.
On sensor 170, be connected with controller, this controller is set to receive from the measurement result of sensor 170 and they are processed to measure the wearing and tearing of bearing.The measurement of wearing and tearing is the facts based on such: any variation of the thickness of the bearing wall 220 of the bearing part of a bearing in these bearings 140,150,160 is by the respective change that causes lower dead center (BDC) level of one or more crosshead 130 with respect to the structure of engine 100.The in the situation that of 160 wearing and tearing of crank pin 150 or cross head bearing, the BDC level of problematic cylinder can change, and the in the situation that of main bearing 140 wearing and tearing, and sensor 170 in a cylinder and the BDC level of a sensor in adjacent cylinders can change.
Signal from sensor 170 will comprise the noise of certain level, and it will affect the accuracy of sensor reading.
Another factor that affects sensor accuracy is: due to the small scrambling such as in the engine parameters such as combustion pressure, the actual BDC level of guide block or crosshead can slightly change.
Another factor that affects signal is engine speed, that is: the rotations per minute of engine 100 (rpm).
Another factor that affects signal is airscrewpiston rank.
Another factor that affects signal is the load that engine bears.The cargo load of an example of this load for being delivered by boats and ships.
These are all examples of engine operational conditions, and should be noted that, even if description below focuses on compensation engine speed, this instruction is also applicable to compensating other service condition with independent or combination.
Other factors is such as the deformation of hull being produced by different Ship Design and engine temperature also can produce some impacts to BDC level, because the manufacturing process at different engine positions will be different.
Such as the factors such as signal dispersion of bearing also can exert an influence to the BDC level recording.
Method and apparatus disclosed herein is set to factor as above and other factor to take into account, and the reliable measurements of engine centre bearer wearing and tearing is provided.
Fig. 3 shows the process flow diagram of the conventional method of embodiment herein.
In the first step 310, controller obtains the signal from sensor 170.Then by the compensation of various factors is carried out to processing signals 320, by calculation deviation, come correction signal and assessment result 330, determine whether on this basis give a warning.
There are the wearing and tearing of engine bearing between multifactor impact on-stream period perhaps.If engine conk, the source of isolated fault is very important.The in the situation that of bearing wear, know the reason that bearing wear increases very important because otherwise a new alternative bearing will probably also can damage prematurely.
As known in the past and above mentioned, to each cylinder, use two sensors can make operator isolate the position of the bearing of having been damaged.Distinguish that it is helpful which bearing need to be changed more changing jobs, because slip-stick artist can know from where opening engine, and do not need to do unnecessary work to attempt to find the bearing of having damaged.
But, as present inventor understands, can from the reading of these two sensors, extract manyly also to distinguishing the reason Useful Information of (increase) wearing and tearing, and this will allow that slip-stick artist remedies problem, and avoid the wearing and tearing of the bearing replaced to increase.
Also can use these more information to adapt to several or all the sensors and be all affected and situation about existing without any damage.
As by as shown in below, the information being extracted also can be used for avoiding Bearing Grinding to damage by sending to warn in advance, and it will allow that operator remedies the reason of wearing and tearing before bearing is damaged, the engine shutdown time that prevents thus engine failure and cause thus.
Therefore, equipment disclosed in this invention and method tool have great advantage, because it allows the reason of distinguishing that wearing and tearing increase, it can be predicted fault and realize in the situation that not needing additional sensors.
Therefore, this system can be easy to be integrated in the existing engine with two sensors, and these two sensors are to install by the controller of a upgrading of simple connection, or likely by upgrading, existing controller installs.
To BDC level affects, be engine speed the most significantly, and the signal value receiving from sensor must compensate engine speed, because when engine speed increases, BDC level will decline, and wear monitoring device can send the signal of bearing wear mistakenly.
May there is the deviation higher than 0.3mm in BDC level, it depends on the size engine speed that determine, that use by engine.Therefore, be necessary this impact to compensate.Because this impact is independent for each installation, it depends on the layout of axis and alignment etc., therefore for each sensor, must install and set up separately compensation each.
By using look-up table, signal value is compensated to engine speed, this look-up table has for the BDC level in the very wide velocity range of each sensor.
In one embodiment, controller is configured to the speed based on look-up table to compensate, and this look-up table comprises standard signal value or the average signal value that depends on engine speed or rpm (reference value).
In the scope of the little variation of engine speed, standard value can vary widely.
In one embodiment, look-up table has corresponding to the velocity range of engine datum speed being divided into the resolution of subrange, and hereinafter this subrange refers to speed point.
In one embodiment, this velocity range is corresponding to 0% to 120% scope of engine datum speed.
In one embodiment, this velocity range is corresponding to 20% to 110% scope of engine datum speed.
In one embodiment, lower than 20% scope of engine datum speed, be not considered for the wearing and tearing of monitoring bearing.
In one embodiment, whether controller is configured to engine to reverse and take into account.
Because the reason of velocity compensation, the measurement that controller is considered is not actual BDC level, but difference between the average BDC level of the BDC level recording and present engine speed.This allows and detects extremely or unexpectedly changing of the BDC level caused by bearing wear.
Therefore, to the processing of the signal receiving from sensor, should take the offset of signal is basis.
In one embodiment, controller is configured to by deducting the signal value that a reference value is determined compensation the signal value from receiving:
S
comp＝S
N-S
ref
In one embodiment, controller is set to filtered sensor value.
In one embodiment, for the impact of noise decrease, with low-pass filter, filter the value being provided by sensor 170.
In one embodiment, the moving average of simple each sensor values of filter update, that is: upgrade once for each engine revolution.In one embodiment, filter table is shown:
New filter value=old filter value * (1-x)+value * x
To controller, how soon response change exerts an influence the value of x.Higher value can cause controller very responsive to changing, and thus also to noise-sensitive, otherwise lower x value can cause the reaction of actual event slower.In one embodiment, X is 0.05.
Conventionally, some factor affects all sensors, and the signal receiving from affected sensor may be understood mistakenly.
An engine temperature that such factor is variation.
For the caused variation of the wearing and tearing of distinguishing such variation and increased by bearing, calculate the deviation of each sensor values.
In one embodiment, controller is configured to come by deduct the mean value of other signal from each signal the deviation of the signal of calculating sensor and the value comparison of other sensor.
Sensor 5 (S
5) with 8 sensor S of whole group
1to S
8the sensor bias of (corresponding to four-banger) (d (S
i)) can be expressed as:
d(S
5)＝S
5-(S
1+S
2+S
3+S
4+S
6+S
7+S
8)/7
Another factor affects for the longitudinal shear being formed by the deformation of engine structure, and this deformation is produced by thrust variation sometimes.In some cases, this deformation makes front and rear sensor in cylinder show the variation about each other.
By during operation, to the careful monitoring of engine and investigation and to the carefully analyzing of result, the conclusion obtaining is: for two sensors, it is changed to signal value often in contrary phase place.When this increases the signal value of a sensor, the signal value of another sensor reduces, and vice versa.Be called below cylinder deviation.
In one embodiment, controller is configured to by determining that the average sensor values of two sensors of a cylinder eliminates this variation, and the mean value of the sensor of they and other cylinder is compared.
Cylinder 3 (cyl
3) and there are altogether 8 sensor S
1to S
8the cylinder deviation (d (cyl of whole group of 4 cylinders
i)) can be expressed as:
d(cyl
3)＝(S
5+S
6)/2-(S
1+S
2+S
3+S
4+S
7+S
8)/6
Cylinder deviation and sensor bias have all reduced the impact of signal dispersion.But cylinder deviation is more effective to reducing signal dispersion.
Therefore, calculating cylinder deviation is useful for reducing signal dispersion.
Cylinder deviation is not too responsive to the situation of the infringement of bearing for only having a sensor record, because in deviation computation process, the variation meeting of recording is halved.
Therefore, preferably, calculate the deviation of cylinder and sensor to allow the reliable detection to bearing infringement.
In one embodiment, controller is configured to calculate the deviation of cylinder and sensor.
An example of the more than one affected situation of sensor is: more than one bearing suffers damage.This may be the result that general erosion process worsens several or all bearings.Such situation may be the result of contaminated oil plant or fuel feeding fault.
This situation can easily not detect from the deviation of cylinder and sensor, because by the average treatment of these calculating, described effect can be cancelled.
But, likely from the engine speed offset of each signal, this situation detected.
In one embodiment, controller is configured to calculate cylinder deviation, sensor bias and engine speed compensating signal value.
According in an above-mentioned embodiment, therefore controller is configured to the some factors that affect sensor reading reliability to take into account, information extraction from signal value.
According to the controller of equipment described here, therefore can produce for monitoring the reliable readings of engine centre bearer wearing and tearing.
In one embodiment, controller is configured to assess this reading and determines whether infringement is approaching and maybe will occur.
In one embodiment, controller is configured to cylinder or the current reading of bearing to compare with the mean value of obtaining in a time cycle.In one embodiment, this time cycle is 6 hours.In one embodiment, controller is configured to determine whether current reading and the difference between time average is greater than threshold level, and if so, starts early warning operation.In one embodiment, warning threshold is +/-0.25mm.
If exceed early warning level, represent that the situation of monitored bearing changes.
In one embodiment, controller is configured to store early warning in journal file.
In one embodiment, controller is configured to receive input to reset early warning operation.
Therefore when the situation of the bearing monitoring just has just started to change, engine at least extremely can not be in danger in several hours, can reset early warning and operate and continue to move engine.
In one embodiment, controller is configured to current reading and the alert threshold of cylinder or bearing to compare.Controller is configured to start alarm when surpassing this threshold value.
Alarm represents that affected bearing starts to damage or be about to damage and should check.
In one embodiment, the alert threshold of sensor values is +/-0.5mm.
In one embodiment, the alert threshold of sensor bias is +/-0.4mm.
In one embodiment, the alert threshold of cylinder deviation is +/-0.3mm.
In one embodiment, controller is configured to store alert action in journal file.
If larger variation detected, should send the request of the engine speed that slows down.Due to the wearing and tearing of engine speed meeting appreciable impact bearing load and bearing, in some cases, can be by the engine failure that engine retard is postponed or prevent from being caused by the bearing damaging.Serious in the situation that, engine must stop avoiding fault completely.
In one embodiment, controller is configured to cylinder or current reading and the deceleration threshold value of bearing to compare.Controller is configured to send deceleration request when exceeding this threshold value.In one embodiment, the threshold value of sensor values is +/-0.7mm.In one embodiment, the deceleration threshold value of sensor bias is +/-0.5mm.
In one embodiment, controller is configured to the engine speed that just automatically slows down when receiving such deceleration request.
In one embodiment, controller is configured to just automatically stop engine when receiving such deceleration request.
In one embodiment, controller is configured to store deceleration request in journal file.
Fig. 4 is exemplified with according to the general monitoring method of the bearing wear of the embodiment of the present invention.
In one embodiment, controller is configured to the step to all the sensors parallel practice Fig. 4.
In one embodiment, controller is configured to a cylinder to implement the step of Fig. 4.In such embodiment, each cylinder has a controller.In such embodiment, controller is configured to receive signal value from the controller of other cylinder.
In the first step 410, by controller reception, be worth or signal S
n.
In one embodiment, controller is configured to carry out offset value calculation (420) by deducting reference value the signal from receiving:
S
comp＝S
N-S
ref
In one embodiment, controller is also configured to filter application to reduce the noise 430 in the signal receiving.
In one embodiment, controller is configured to calculating sensor deviation d (S
sensor):
D(S
sensor)=S
sensorthe mean value of-other sensor
In one embodiment, controller is also configured to calculate cylinder deviation d (cylinder):
D (cylinder)=(S
cylinder, front portion+ S
cylinder, rear portionthe mean value of other sensor of)/2-
In Fig. 4, in step 440, calculate two deviations.
In one embodiment, controller is configured to determine whether to exceed the alert threshold 450 of sensor values, and if start alarm 460.
In one embodiment, controller is configured to determine whether to exceed the alert threshold 450 of sensor bias, and if start alarm 460.
In one embodiment, controller is configured to determine whether to exceed the alert threshold 450 of cylinder deviation, and if start alarm 460.
In Fig. 4, carry out all three the confirmation processes 450 relevant to alarming limit.
If controller is determined, will start alarm, controller is also configured to store this event 460 in journal file.
In one embodiment, controller is configured to determine whether to exceed the deceleration limit 480 of sensor bias, and if start request deceleration program 490.
In one embodiment, controller is configured to be back to step 410, to receive new signal value.
In one embodiment, controller is configured to each revolution implementation step 410 to 440.
In one embodiment, controller is configured to each revolution implementation step 450 to 490.
In one embodiment, controller is configured to compartment of terrain implementation step 450 to 490.In one embodiment, this interval is in 1 to 50 scope turning.In one embodiment, this interval is in 10 to 30 scopes that turn.In one embodiment, this is spaced apart 30 and turns.This is represented by dotted lines in Fig. 4.
In one embodiment, controller is configured to recalculate with the interval of 50 hours at each speed point the mean value of the signal value of each sensor.This allows that system is adapted to the variation of engine structure and this variation is reacted.
In one embodiment, controller is configured to when the effective compensation value with first acquisition compares, and whether the reference value of determining any engine speed becomes than the larger value of threshold value of upgrading, and if so, starts and reports to the police to indicate this situation.In one embodiment, the threshold value of renewal is 0.2mm.
In one embodiment, controller is configured to change the threshold value for early warning, alarm and at least one situation of dynamically slowing down according to the current operation of engine.
At the normal operation period of large-sized two-stroke diesel engine, engine is set to an engine speed long time running.At this moment between, in the cycle, the environment of engine is quite stable.For example, owing to not accelerating, there is the less deformation being caused by thrust.
Along with the change of the speed of engine, it is so unstable that environment becomes, and it has affected the BDC level of bearing, and these BDC levels can correspondingly change and/or fluctuate.In such time cycle, controller is configured to improve threshold level and does not send any alarm to adapt to such variation.
An example that affects the another kind of situation of engine environment or engine running is: when the boats and ships load being promoted by engine increases and when drauht is darker.
Controller is configured to running along with engine and again becomes stable (may under new engine speed) and reduce threshold value.
In one embodiment, controller is configured to, after the time cycle through a delay, reduce at least one threshold level.This allows the aftereffect of operating variation is adapted to and do not send unnecessary alarm.
In one embodiment, in each cylinder, be provided with two sensors, a front sensors and a rear sensor, and also as mentioned above, controller is configured to determine whether main bearing or crosshead and/or crank pin bearing wear and tear.In order to determine that main bearing is worn badly or in critical conditions, the rear sensor of the front sensors of the first cylinder and the second cylinder is compared.In order to determine that crosshead and/or crank pin bearing are worn badly or in critical conditions, the front sensors of the first cylinder are combined with the rear sensor of same cylinder.
Therefore,, for main bearing and crosshead and/or crank pin bearing, can obtain two sensor readings.
In one embodiment, controller is configured in conjunction with the reading of two sensors and the reading result of these two sensors and alert threshold level is compared.
For the embodiment that has 4 cylinders and each cylinder and be provided with two sensors, 8 sensors are denoted as (S altogether
f1; S
a1), (S
f2; S
a2), (S
f3; S
a3) and (S
f4; S
a4), S wherein
f1the front sensors of cylinder 1 and S
a1be the rear sensor of cylinder 1, wherein cylinder 1 is the cylinder (in other words, in this example, cylinder 1 is aftermost cylinder) of the most close engine output, the sensor values S of the combination of the main bearing between cylinder 1 and 2
m12for:
S
m12=S
f1+ S
a2; With
The sensor values S of the crosshead of cylinder 1 and/or the combination of crank pin bearing
cC1for:
S
CC1＝S
F1+S
A1。
In one embodiment, as before, by deducting reference value, carry out compensation sensor value.In such embodiment, controller is configured to calculate the sensor values compensate and value, and calculate the absolute value of this and value.
Therefore, for the main bearing between cylinder 1 and 2, S
m12for:
S
M12＝|S
F1-S
F1ref+S
A2-S
A2ref|
By comparing the summation of two sensors, the sensitivity of measurement further improves, because before relatively, any variation of BDC level can double, and because difference is very little, this is useful.
Should be noted that, for single-sensor value, the threshold level of alarm, early warning and deceleration is different, because they are aimed at the sensor values of combination.
In one embodiment, controller is configured to the quick variation of detecting sensor value.
During engine running, because bearing will be worn, can expect the less variation of BDC level along with the time.But these variations occur very slowly and be difficult to change with other, such as the engine environment (temperature, thrust etc.) changing is distinguished, and controller is configured to pay close attention to the variation of BDC level rather than this level.
Yet the quick variation of BDC level may represent that somewhere will break down.A kind of situation is like this: when some pollutants have entered into oil piping system, bearing will be worn bad more quickly.
Even if change (under the threshold value of various alarms) still in allowed limits, if stopped not in time, the speed of variation may cause serious damage, and in some cases, if changed, is fast, may be too late while giving the alarm.
In one embodiment, controller is configured to by sensor values and previous and nearest level being compared to detect the quick variation of BDC level.Can make like this controller determine and within the nearest time cycle, whether have significant variation, even if such variation just within the range of permission.
In one embodiment, the Algorithm Analysis that controller is configured to by implementing sensor values to compare with at least one previous time cycle determines whether to have occurred quick variation (seeing below).
An advantage of this Algorithm Analysis is accurately to adjust compensation meter.
In one embodiment, the index analysis that controller is configured to by implementing sensor values to compare with unsteady reference levels determines whether to have occurred quick variation (seeing below).
An advantage of index analysis is that it does not need to store a lot of values, therefore economizes on resources sooner and more.
In one embodiment, controller is configured to by the average level in sensor values and previous cycle blink being compared to detect the quick variation of BDC level.
In one embodiment, this time cycle is in the interval of 1 to 20 minute.In one embodiment, this time cycle is in the interval of 1 to 10 minute.In one embodiment, this time cycle is in the interval of 5 to 10 minutes.In one embodiment, this time cycle is in 10 minutes.In one embodiment, this time cycle is 5 minutes.
In one embodiment, the time cycle being compared is prior to measuring for the second time cycle.In one embodiment, this second time cycle is in the interval of 1 to 20 minute.In one embodiment, this time cycle is in the interval of 1 to 10 minute.In one embodiment, this time cycle is 5 minutes.In such a embodiment, controller is configured to current measured value and the mean value in the cycle very first time to compare, this cycle very first time with the second time cycle prior to current time.In one embodiment, the cycle very first time is 10 minutes, and the second time cycle was 5 minutes, and the measured value at time T place and the mean value during T-5 and T-15 are compared.
In one embodiment, in order to adapt to false readings and other brief fluctuations, controller is configured to the mean value of the mean value of last reading and the sensor signal in previous time cycle to compare.
In one embodiment, described setting comprises a plurality of last received sensor valuess, and wherein said numeral is in 5 to 10 scope.In one embodiment, described setting comprises the sensor values of last five receptions.In one embodiment, described setting comprises the sensor values of last ten receptions.
In one embodiment, in order to adapt to false readings and other brief fluctuations, controller is configured to the mean value of last five readings and the mean value in previous time cycle to compare.
Controller is configured to the rate of change of the difference between the average level in previous time cycle and current (on average) level to determine.
In one embodiment, controller is configured to determine whether this difference exceeds threshold level, and if controller is configured to operator to give notice.In one embodiment, this threshold level is 0.2mm.
In one embodiment, controller is configured to determine whether this difference exceeds threshold level, and if controller is configured to the daily record of giving notice.
In one embodiment, controller is configured to determine whether this difference exceeds threshold level, and if controller is configured to give the alarm.
In one embodiment, controller is configured to determine whether this difference exceeds threshold level, and if controller is configured to request deceleration.
Therefore, under these circumstances, can provide an indication in advance, this likely prevents serious engine failure.
By index analysis, detect fast and change
In one embodiment, controller is configured to implement the index analysis of sensor values and determines whether to give the alarm.
In one embodiment, controller is configured to determine reference levels and determine current status level by gauge index mean value.
In one embodiment, controller is configured to use has the low-pass filter that upgrades the factor, by using offset S
compnew and old reference value is upgraded reference levels S
reflevel.
In one embodiment, this is expressed as:
S
reflevelnew＝S
reflevelold*(1-x)+S
comp*x
Wherein, x is for upgrading the factor.
Reference levels represent current normal level, should react thus relatively slowly.Therefore, upgrading the factor should select littlely.In one embodiment, upgrade factor x and be chosen as 0.0001.
In one embodiment, controller is configured to use has the low-pass filter that upgrades the factor, by using offset S
compnew and old current state is upgraded the horizontal S of current state
pres.
In one embodiment, this is expressed as:
S
presnew＝S
presold*(1-y)+S
comp*y
Wherein, y is for upgrading the factor.
Current state level represents the current state of BDC level, should react relatively quickly thus, thereby quick variation is produced to reaction.Therefore, upgrading the factor should select greatlyr.In one embodiment, upgrade factor y and be chosen as 0.2.
In one embodiment, controller is configured to also computing reference value S
refvalue.In one embodiment, this reference value is the difference between reference levels and current state:
S
refvalue＝S
pres-S
reflevel
In one embodiment, controller is configured to analyze this reference value and should gives the alarm determining whether.
Fig. 9 shows with detect the fast-changing method of BDC level in bearing according to the exponentiation algorithm of embodiment herein.
According to the engine operational conditions compensation meter in step 910 and 920, receive and compensate the signal that represents BDC level.
In step 930, implement the calculating of reference levels as above, current state and reference value.
To determine, there is quick variation in the reference value that in one embodiment, controller is configured to analyze single-sensor.If reference value has exceeded threshold value, determine quick variation has occurred.In Fig. 9, in step 960, implement these calculating.
By determining wearing and tearing from the reading of a sensor only, this allows and detects (in the axial direction) inhomogeneous wearing and tearing on bearing.
In one embodiment, only the threshold level of a sensor is 120.
In one embodiment, only the threshold level of a sensor is more than 120.
In one embodiment, only the threshold level of a sensor is more than 110.
In one embodiment, controller is configured to analyze the summation of the sensor reference value of single cylinder, to determine, quick variation occurs.If summation has exceeded threshold value, determine quick variation has occurred.This quick variation may be present in the crank pin or cross head bearing of cylinder.In Fig. 9, in (interchangeable) step 940, implement these calculating and in step 960, implement whether exceeding determining of alarming limit.
By determining wearing and tearing from the reading of two sensors, this allows the wearing and tearing of fast detecting bearing, because two readings increase simultaneously, its summation is with the fast speed increment of twice thus.In one embodiment, in order to adapt to than two summations that independent sensor reading is larger, the threshold level of this summation is higher than the threshold level of single-sensor.
In one embodiment, in cylinder, the threshold level of sensor is 170.
In one embodiment, in cylinder, the threshold level of sensor is more than 170.
In one embodiment, in cylinder, the threshold level of sensor is more than 160.
In one embodiment, controller is configured to analyze the summation from the reference value of a sensor in the reference value of a sensor of a cylinder and adjacent cylinders, to determine, quick variation occurs.If this summation has exceeded threshold value, determine quick variation has occurred.This quick variation may be present in two main bearings between cylinder.In Fig. 9, in (interchangeable) step 950, implement these and calculate, and in step 960, implement whether exceeding determining of alarming limit.
Reading by two sensors from two different cylinders is determined wearing and tearing, and this allows the wearing and tearing that detect even more rapidly main bearing, because these two readings seem to increase faster than the sensor in cylinder summation.Security is additionally provided thus.In one embodiment, for adapt to than cylinder summation increase faster this and, the threshold level of adjacent cylinders is higher than the threshold level of cylinder summation.
In one embodiment, in adjacent cylinders, the threshold level of sensor is 220.
In one embodiment, in adjacent cylinders, the threshold level of sensor is more than 220.
In one embodiment, in adjacent cylinders, the threshold level of sensor is more than 210.
It should be noted that, needn't implement all these steps (940 and 950).
In one embodiment, controller is configured to: if definite, quick variation (step 965) has occurred, request (not shown) gives the alarm.
In one embodiment, controller is configured to: if definite, quick variation (step 965) has occurred, sent deceleration request (step 970).Because this variation is rapidly, measure fast in case stop loss and bad occur very importantly, and slow down and provide the fastest remedying to quick variation.
In one embodiment, controller is also configured to fast-changing information to be stored in (step 980) in journal file.
This makes controller produce rapid reaction to quick variation, and a plurality of values that needn't store each sensor, and can prevent further wearing and tearing or the damage to bearing.
For the variation that is changed caused BDC level by engine speed is taken into account, can when changing fast, monitoring use dynamic alarming limit or threshold level.
In one embodiment, dynamically alarming limit or threshold level are the basic calculation that is changed to engine speed RPM (rotations per minute), and this dynamic threshold level increases with the increase of engine speed.
In one embodiment, controller is configured to receive the input that represents current or new speed, and this velometer is shown RPM
n.
The speed that controller is configured to based on new is upgraded reference velocity.In one embodiment, controller be configured to by as shown in the formula in index moving average upgrade reference velocity:
RPM
refnew＝RPM
refold*·(1-z)+RPM
N*z
Controller is also configured to by calculating present speed RPM
nwith the absolute value of the difference between reference velocity calculates the variation of RPM, the change list of RPM is shown Δ RPM:
ΔRPM＝|RPM
N-RPM
ref|
In one embodiment, all Δ RPM that are greater than 3 value are set as 3.This has guaranteed that alarming limit can not be too high.
According to monitoring which type of sensor combinations (single-sensor, same cylinder or adjacent cylinders), will be by alarm
basicthe basic threshold level representing or basic alarming limit are defined as one of threshold value going out listed above.
In one embodiment, the amplification constant that controller is also configured to based on being represented by k in following formula calculates first candidate's dynamic threshold level (being expressed as alarm1):
alarm1＝alarm
basic(1+ΔRPM*k)
In one embodiment, controller determines that this first candidate threshold level of use is as dynamic threshold level.
Numeral, the amplification constant being represented by k of the engine speed reading receiving when in one embodiment, controller is also configured to the last threshold level rising based on being represented by H in following formula and the delay constant being represented by β calculate second candidate's dynamic threshold level (being expressed as alarm2):
alarm2＝alarm
basic(1+ΔRPM*k*Exp(-H/β))
In one embodiment, controller determines that this second candidate threshold level of use is as dynamic threshold level.
Amplify constant larger, alarm levels raises sooner.The example that amplifies constant is: 0.1,0.15,0.2,0.25 and 0.3.In one embodiment, amplify constant in 0.05 to 0.4 scope.
The example that postpones constant is: 190,200,210.In one embodiment, postpone constant in 150 to 250 scope.
In one embodiment, controller is configured to determine the high threshold level of candidate's threshold level, and is used as dynamic threshold level and uses:
Dynamic threshold level=max (alarm1, alarm2).
Therefore, controller can adapt and still can detect the quick variation of bearing wear with variation.
It should be noted that, fast-changing index analysis as above is also applicable to Otto cycle engine.In one embodiment, this engine is two-stroke engine.In one embodiment, this engine is Otto cycle engine.
For all variable factors in engine monitoring are taken into account, at learning phase, first monitoring equipment is calibrated.
During " learning program " implemented by controller, must obtain engine speed compensation look-up table.
In one embodiment, this learning phase has the duration of 500 hours.
In one embodiment, controller is configured to set up velocity compensation table for each sensor 170.
In the situation that wear monitoring system is mounted on engine new assembling, that move dispatch from the factory test or enforcement sea trial, it is very important that this system can start from the possible time the earliest to provide to the protection of bearing.Therefore,, once obtain the mean value of 10 minutes by a fixing engine speed, just set up rough calibration curve.Then readjust this curve, make during learning program, use three kinds of fixing engine speeds to start.
Fig. 5 shows for the general flow figure of rough calibration is provided.Controller is configured to by approaching table value with the curve of the relative engine speed of BDC level, thus the guestimate of model engine speed compensation.
This guestimate is allowed and during learning phase, is carried out some controls.
In one embodiment, controller receives the value 510 of each sensor under given engine speed (or rpm).Described value averages out 520, then from coordinate or the reference mark of engine speed-BDC level of equalization, and depends on expection size of engine, in velocity range and changes and generate preliminary curve 530.In one embodiment, this expection changes in the table that is to calculate in advance and to be stored in table 1 for example.
| Engine type (cylinder diameter, cm) | Mm changes (20-110%rpm) |
| 80 to 98 | -0.35 |
| 60 to 70 | -0.25 |
| Up to 50 | -0.15 |
The expection of table 1 engine type changes
Fig. 6 shows the preliminary curve of curve 600 or the curve of guestimate, and curve 600 has the reference mark 610 of the average BDC level of specific engines speed.
Curve 600 is guestimate, and controller is configured to only during setting up rough calibration curve, it be used as reference.
In one embodiment, select second speed, and controller receives the value 540 of each sensor in the second engine speed.Described value averages out 550, and this curve is updated 560, so that second equalization engine speed-BDC horizontal coordinate or reference mark are taken into account.
In one embodiment, controller is configured to third speed repeated execution of steps 540 to 560.In Fig. 5, it is represented by dotted lines.
In step 570, controller completes rough calibration curve (700) by carrying out interpolation and extrapolate between reference mark (710,720,730) to cover whole engine speed range.
In one embodiment, engine speed range is 0-120%.In one embodiment, engine speed range is 20-110%.
Fig. 7 shows the example having for the rough calibration curve 700 at three reference mark 710,720,730 of the average BDC level of three engine speeds.
In one embodiment, engine respectively turns round 10 minutes under each speed.It should be noted that, also can adopt other the duration of runs.
In one embodiment, controller is configured to select these three speed according to table 2.
| Speed numbering | Speed |
| 1 | The 20-50% of datum speed |
| 2 | The 50-80% of datum speed |
| 3 | The 80-100% of datum speed |
Table 2 speed and corresponding speed interval
In one embodiment, controller is configured to selected three speed to separate to be at least 20% interval of datum speed, to guarantee that reference mark is properly spaced out in curve 700.
In one embodiment, controller is configured to use rough calibration curve 700 in the remaining period of learning phase, to allow the certain reference to the wearing and tearing during learning phase.
In one embodiment, controller be also configured to engine with friction speed the value of receiving sensor upgrade the form of the relative engine speed of BDC level between free on-stream period.
Fig. 8 shows for completing the method for the embodiments of the invention of engine speed-BDC form.
In one embodiment, with parallel mode, all the sensors is implemented the step of Fig. 8.
In the first step 810, by controller reception, be worth or signal S
n.Then, controller determines that this compensation is for present speed whether effective 815.
When receiving the sample of predetermined quantity of an engine speed, controller is configured to by the received sensor samples in this speed being averaged to calculate the reference value of this engine speed, and generates the first effective compensation value and new engine speed compensation meter more.
In one embodiment, controller is configured to 1000 samples of reception and each engine speed of sampling.
If determine that compensation is effectively, controller is configured to carry out offset value calculation (step 820) by deducting reference value the signal from receiving:
S
com＝S
N-S
ref
If determine that compensation is invalid, controller is configured to carry out offset value calculation (step 825) by deducting reference value the signal from receiving:
S
comp＝S
N-S
ref，rough
In one embodiment, controller is also configured to filter application with the noise 830 in the signal that reduces to receive.
In one embodiment, controller is configured to the then deviation d (S of calculating sensor
sensor):
D(S
sensor)=S
sensorthe mean value of-other sensor
In one embodiment, controller is also configured to calculate the deviation d (cylinder) of cylinder:
D (cylinder)=(S
cylinder, front portion+ S
cylinder, rear portionthe mean value of other sensor of)/2-
In Fig. 8, in step 840, calculate two deviations.
In one embodiment, controller is configured to determine whether to exceed the alert threshold 850 of sensor values, and if start alarm 860.
In one embodiment, controller has been configured to determine whether to exceed the alert threshold 850 of cylinder deviation, and if, start alarm 860.
In one embodiment, controller is configured to determine whether to exceed the alert threshold 850 of sensor bias, and if start alarm 860.
In Fig. 8, in step 850, implement all three confirmations relevant to alert threshold.
In one embodiment, the alert threshold of the sensor values during learning phase is +/-0.8mm.
In one embodiment, the alert threshold of the sensor bias during learning phase is +/-0.5mm.
In one embodiment, the alert threshold of the cylinder deviation during learning phase is +/-0.4mm.
If controller is determined, will start alarm, controller is also configured to store this event 870 in journal file.
In one embodiment, controller is configured to determine whether to exceed the deceleration limit 880 of sensor bias, and if start deceleration request program 890.
In one embodiment, the deceleration threshold value of the sensor values during learning phase is +/-0.9mm.In one embodiment, the deceleration threshold value of the sensor bias during learning phase is +/-0.7mm.
In one embodiment, controller is configured to be back to step 810, to receive new signal value.
In one embodiment, controller is configured to each revolution implementation step 810 to 840.
In one embodiment, controller is configured to each revolution implementation step 850 to 890.
In one embodiment, controller is configured to compartment of terrain implementation step 850 to 890.In one embodiment, this interval is in 1 to 50 scope turning.In one embodiment, this interval is in 10 to 30 scopes that turn.In one embodiment, this is spaced apart 30 and turns.This is represented by dotted lines in Fig. 8.
In order to ensure learning phase, cover the scope of whole engine, controller is configured to receive the sample of different engine speeds in obtainable engine speed range.
In one embodiment, controller is configured to receive the sample of 100 engine speeds.
In one embodiment, controller is configured to receive for each engine speed the sample from each sensor, receives the sample for each possible rotations per minute within the scope of engine that is:.
In one embodiment, controller is configured to determine each reference point of speed point not yet in effect also during learning phase.In one embodiment, controller is configured to carry out interpolation by the reference value of the speed point to adjacent and determines reference value.In one embodiment, controller is configured to be extrapolated and determined reference value by the reference value of the reference point from guestimate.
In one embodiment, controller is configured to recalculate with the interval of 50 hours the mean value of the signal value of each each sensor of speed point place.This allows that system is adapted to the variation of engine structure and this variation is reacted.
In one embodiment, controller is configured to: when the effective compensation value with first obtaining compares, determine whether the reference value of any engine speed becomes than the larger value of threshold value of upgrading, and if start the alarm that represents this situation.In one embodiment, the threshold value of this renewal is 0.2mm.
In order to ensure the reliable monitoring to bearing wear during expansion learning phase, learning phase is divided into three steps.The first step is very according to a preliminary estimate rough for setting up, and this completes complete guestimate according to a preliminary estimate as the reference of second step in this second step.Then, in the whole remaining period of learning phase, use this complete guestimate (the 3rd step).
This guaranteed even engine unloading phase monitoring bearing wearing and tearing.This allows the wearing and tearing that detect due to the increase that for example wrong installation and scrambling cause, it can strengthen protection to avoid engine shutdown.
Flat-footed calibration cannot be taken such starting problem into account, and therefore learning phase disclosed herein has very large advantage.
In the term of life of engine, it can experience a series of inspection operation and thorough overhaul.For example, if owing to the thorough overhaul of main bearing being removed to the support that supports sensor, when refitting support, must expect sensor and can be positioned at diverse location.Also existence needs the possibility being replaced after sensor has damaged or lost efficacy.If support the support generation slight bending of sensor, also may need to readjust sensor.
This need to readjust velocity compensation table or the curve of one or several sensors.
By regulating the skew of single-sensor to realize such adjustment.
In one embodiment, controller is configured to by signal value being compensated to adjust the signal from sensor according to existing velocity compensation look-up table or curve.Difference between the BDC level recording during normal running (operation) conditions and reference value is zero (at least on average).Therefore the value of compensation can affect the skew of sensor, because at this moment the absolute value of the value of compensation will be greater than zero (at least on average).
In one embodiment, controller is configured to calculate the mean value of this skew in the time cycle.In one embodiment, this time cycle is 50 hours.
In one embodiment, controller is configured to compensate according to calculated mean deviation the reference value of the sensor being affected.
Yet, between sensor fault and sensor replace it, exist the regular hour to postpone, and this time delay may be relatively long in some cases, during this time delay, there is the risk of the bearing wear not detecting.
In order to adapt to any such bearing wear, controller be configured to by the signal from adjacent sensors with replacing before and after time cycle in readjust on the basis that combines of the mean value that obtains.In one embodiment, this time cycle is 500 hours.
Figure 10 shows the velocity compensation curve of two sensors, wherein:
A
1t
1+ b
1during before breaking down at sensor 500 hours, the curve of first sensor;
A
2t
2+ b
2during after replacing it at sensor 500 hours, the curve of first sensor; With
A
3t
3+ b
3during damaging at first sensor, the curve of adjacent sensors.
In these expression formulas, " a " represents slope, and " t " is the time, and " b " is for representing that curve is at the constant of the starting point at t=0 place.
In one embodiment, controller is configured to carry out 3 the most applicable different root mean square lines on the basis of mean value of the sensor values by the compensation in 6 hours and filtration and produces this three lines.
In one embodiment, controller is configured to use the velocity compensation of adjacent sensors when readjusting sensor.
After process is readjusted the time cycle of sensor, the skew (O) that can calculate the sensor of replacement.
In one embodiment, controller is configured to calculate the skew of the sensor of replacing, and in one embodiment, it completes by following formula:
O＝O
1+a
3t
b+Ta
2
Wherein: O
1for the skew during sensor damage;
T
bfor the time of sensor damage; With
T is time cycle (T=500 hour in the present embodiment).
In one embodiment, controller is configured to: in the time cycle after sensor is replaced or readjusting in the time cycle of sensor, when calculating the sensor bias of other sensor and/or cylinder deviation, get rid of the sensor of replacing.
In one embodiment, controller is configured to: in readjusting the time cycle of sensor, do not calculate sensor bias and/or the cylinder deviation of the sensor of replacement.
In one embodiment, controller is configured to avoid the sensor values to being produced by the sensor of replacing in readjusting the time cycle start alarm or send deceleration request.
This only allows operating sensor learning phase affected or that replace, and does not need the complete learning phase that reruns of all the sensors.This allows provides the safer monitoring of monitoring that learning phase provides of all reruning of comparison all the sensors during readjusting the stage.
Data storage in bearing wear monitoring system is for two objects.First object be can be when there is any bearing damage retrieve data.In one embodiment, this is as " black box " Function implementation.
Second object relates to the inspection to bearing.Traditionally, with time-based planning chart, opening bearing carries out routine examination.For example, each bearing must be opened with for example interval of four or five years.For fear of unnecessary open bearing, expectation becomes the inspection based on state from time-based inspection.For this purpose, the data of storing can be used in generation trend curve, whether have produced any wearing and tearing during being illustrated in inspection intervals.This curve can be presented to sort check person.
In one embodiment, controller is configured to be convenient to each sensor and stores the retrievable filter value with time mark in nearest 24 hours.In one embodiment, such filter value is stored in short-term storage.In one embodiment, need one group of every No. 30 rotating data of engine.In the situation that exceeding alarming limit, controller is configured to the copy of short-term storage to be stored as separately " freezing " copy.In one embodiment, controller be configured to comprise warning time in this copy data of 5 minutes later.
In one embodiment, controller is configured to be convenient to store maximum, minimum and the average filter value of each sensor.In one embodiment, this maximum, minimum and mean value are stored in long term memory.In one embodiment, for every 6 operating hours, store this maximum, minimum and average filter value.In one embodiment, this maximum, minimum and average filter value are stored together with time mark.
In one embodiment, also store logout.In one embodiment, logout comprises following information:
Any alarm, deceleration or early warning or the variation of during learning process, sending;
The possible replacement of any sensor and/or the adjusting of skew;
Sensor reference value is from being calibrated to roughly the variation of accurate calibration; With
Any replacement to early warning reference levels.
In one embodiment, all information is all the mark time, and all storages and logout are stored in nonvolatile memory.
In one embodiment, equipment is configured to for stored data and logout are downloaded to the external unit as PC.These data can be for presenting to the object from the test man of classification society.
In one embodiment, these data comprise:
Engine information part.This comprises the information of boats and ships and engine.In one embodiment, information is as follows.
According to logout, the daily record part of all changes in system state and sensor states.Form is [date] [time] [event].
Filter value trend part.Derive from " long term memory ".Each sensor presents lower column data at every six engine runnings hour: time mark, engine running hour and 6 hourly average filter value.In one embodiment, its form is [date and time: YYYY-MM-DD hh:mm:ss]; [engine running hour: h]; [distance: mm].
State part.The object of this file is to provide the quick general view of each cylinder, shows wearing and tearing or other situation based on detected, and whether the unlatching inspection of the bearing relevant with this cylinder is reasonable.Described situation can be to exceeding the detection of the wearing and tearing of " the significantly limit " during switching sensors or loss reference value.In one embodiment, this state illustrates in the expression mode of four levels.These four levels are:
Normally " N " represents not detect the wearing and tearing that exceed warning threshold;
Early warning " W " represents to have detected the wearing and tearing that exceed warning threshold;
Alarm " A " represents from the sensor being connected with this cylinder, to give the alarm; With
Unknown " U " represents: owing to wearing and tearing being detected by its " neighbours " between commutation period, the reference value of the sensor of this cylinder has been lost or its reference curve is modified.If do not change the sensor of damage always, provide same indication.
In one embodiment, equipment is also configured to the partial data that each sensor provides longer-term storage, short-term storage and reference curve.
Various aspects described above can be used separately or use with different array modes.The application's instruction can be implemented by the combination of hardware and software, but also may implement in the mode of hardware or software.The application's instruction also can be embodied as the computer-readable code on computer-readable medium.
The application's instruction has a lot of advantages.Different embodiment or result of implementation can produce one or more following advantages.It should be noted that, this is not detailed list, the advantage that may also have do not describe here.For example, the application's instruction advantage is a kind of reliable monitoring that several (outside) factors of adaptation are provided according to equipment described here.
Another exemplary advantage of the application's instruction is that wear monitoring adapts to the deformation being caused by thrust.
Another exemplary advantage of the application's instruction is is also reliable to the monitoring of bearing wear during calibration phase.
Another exemplary advantage of instruction of the present invention is for implementing the replacing of sensor and readjust by more reliable mode.
Although attempting to make of the present invention those to be considered to very important feature in the explanation is above paid close attention to; should be understood that; whether no matter emphasized especially, what applicant was claimed is about the feature of patentability shown in mentioned above and/or accompanying drawing or the combination of these features.
The term using in claims " comprises " does not get rid of other element or step.The term using in claims " one " or " one " do not get rid of a plurality of.A unit or other device can be realized several unit of quoting in claims or the function of device.
Aspects more of the present invention are as follows:
1, a kind of for monitoring the equipment of large-sized two-stroke diesel engine cross head bearing, crank pin bearing and main bearing wear, described equipment comprises at least two sensors, wherein said sensor is set up and is configured to for measuring the lower dead center level that given cylinder is relevant to the point of fixity of engine, wherein said equipment also comprises controller, and it is configured to:
Reception is from the signal of each sensor;
According to service condition, compensate each signal;
Determine that deviation is to adapt to the factor that affects described sensor signal;
Determine whether to have exceeded threshold value, and if send the indication that exceeds threshold value.
2,, according to the equipment of aspect 1, wherein said controller is configured to the sensor bias that sensor values based on received is determined each sensor, to determine the deviation of the mean value of each sensor and other sensor.
3, according to the equipment of aspect 1, wherein said engine also comprises at least one cylinder, and described controller is also configured to the cylinder deviation that sensor values based on received is determined each cylinder, to determine the deviation of the sensor of each cylinder and the mean value of other sensor.
4,, according to the equipment of aspect 1, wherein said controller is configured to by the sensor values of threshold value and compensation is relatively determined whether to have exceeded threshold value.
5,, according to the equipment of aspect 1, wherein said controller is configured to by threshold value and deviation ratio are determined whether to have exceeded threshold value.
6,, according to the equipment of aspect 2 and 5, wherein said controller is configured to by threshold value and sensor bias are relatively determined whether to have exceeded threshold value.
7,, according to the equipment of aspect 3 and 5, wherein said controller is configured to by threshold value and cylinder deviation ratio are determined whether to have exceeded threshold value.
8,, according to the equipment of aspect 1, wherein threshold value is corresponding to a value of taking from the group that comprises early warning, alarm and deceleration.
9,, according to the equipment of aspect 1, wherein said service condition is engine speed.
10,, according to the equipment of aspect 1, wherein said service condition is airscrewpiston rank.
11,, according to the equipment of aspect 1, wherein said service condition is load.
12, a kind of method of implementing in thering is the equipment of controller, described controller is configured to carry out and is stored in the instruction in physical medium, described method is for monitoring the wearing and tearing of large-sized two-stroke diesel engine cross head bearing, crank pin bearing and main bearing, described equipment comprises at least two sensors, wherein said sensor is set up and is configured to for measuring the lower dead center level that given cylinder is relevant to the point of fixity of engine, and wherein said method comprises:
Reception is from the signal of each sensor;
According to the service condition of engine, compensate each signal;
Determine that deviation is to adapt to the factor that affects described sensor signal;
Determine whether to exceed threshold value, and if send the indication that exceeds threshold value.
13, a kind of equipment of monitoring the wearing and tearing of cross head bearing in large-sized two-stroke diesel engine, crank pin bearing and main bearing, described equipment comprises at least two sensors, wherein said sensor is set up and is configured to for measuring the lower dead center level that given cylinder is relevant to the point of fixity of engine, wherein said equipment also comprises controller, and it is configured to:
Reception is from the signal of each sensor;
According to the service condition of engine, compensate each signal;
Determine whether to exceed threshold value, and if send the indication that exceeds threshold value, and wherein said controller is also configured to the current running according to engine and dynamically changes described threshold value.
14,, according to the equipment of aspect 13, wherein said controller is configured to determine that service condition changes and its response is improved to threshold level.
15,, according to the equipment of aspect 13, wherein said service condition is engine speed.
16,, according to the equipment of aspect 13, wherein said service condition is airscrewpiston rank.
17,, according to the equipment of aspect 13, wherein said service condition is load.
18,, according to the equipment of aspect 14, wherein said controller is configured to determine that service condition does not change and its response is reduced to described threshold value.
19,, according to the equipment of aspect 21, wherein said controller is configured to the variation of self-operating condition to start through reducing described threshold value after cycle time delay.
20, a kind of method of implementing in thering is the equipment of controller, described controller is configured to carry out and is stored in the instruction in physical medium, described method is for monitoring the wearing and tearing of large-sized two-stroke diesel engine cross head bearing, crank pin bearing and main bearing, described equipment comprises at least two sensors, wherein said sensor is set up and is configured to for measuring the lower dead center level that given cylinder is relevant to the point of fixity of engine, and wherein said method comprises:
Reception is from the signal of each sensor;
According to the service condition of engine, compensate each signal;
Determine whether to exceed threshold value, and if send the indication that exceeds threshold value, and wherein said method also comprises that current running dynamically changes described threshold value according to engine.
21, a kind of for monitoring the equipment of the wearing and tearing of large-sized two-stroke diesel engine cross head bearing, crank pin bearing and main bearing, described equipment comprises at least two sensors, wherein said sensor is set up and is configured to for measuring the lower dead center level that given cylinder is relevant to the point of fixity of engine, and wherein said at least two sensors are provided so that in each cylinder, to have two sensors: a front sensors and a rear sensor, wherein said equipment also comprises controller, and it is configured to:
Reception is from the signal of each sensor;
According to the service condition of engine, compensate each signal;
Determine whether to exceed threshold value, and if send the indication that exceeds threshold value, and wherein said controller is also configured to:
Bad or in critical conditions by the incompatible definite bearing of the rear sensor signal node of the front sensors signal of the first cylinder and the second cylinder is worn, and/or
Bad or in critical conditions by the incompatible definite bearing of the rear sensor signal node of the front sensors signal of the first cylinder and same cylinder is worn, and
By the result of described two sensor signals and described threshold level comparison.
22,, according to the equipment of aspect 21, wherein said controller is configured to the threshold level comparison of combining signal value and twice.
23,, according to the equipment of aspect 21, wherein said service condition is engine speed.
24,, according to the equipment of aspect 21, wherein said service condition is airscrewpiston rank.
25,, according to the equipment of aspect 21, wherein said service condition is load.
26, a kind of method of implementing in thering is the equipment of controller, described controller is configured to carry out and is stored in the instruction in physical medium, described method is for monitoring the wearing and tearing of large-sized two-stroke diesel engine cross head bearing, crank pin bearing and main bearing, described equipment comprises at least two sensors, wherein said sensor is set up and is configured to for measuring the lower dead center level that given cylinder is relevant to the point of fixity of engine, and wherein said method comprises:
Reception is from the signal of each sensor;
According to the service condition of engine, compensate each signal;
Determine whether to have exceeded threshold value, and if send the indication that exceeds threshold value, and wherein said method also comprises:
Bad or in critical conditions by the incompatible definite bearing of the rear sensor signal node of the front sensors signal of the first cylinder and the second cylinder is worn, and/or
Bad or in critical conditions by the incompatible definite bearing of the rear sensor signal node of the front sensors signal of the first cylinder and same cylinder is worn, and
By described two sensor signals combination and by the result of described two sensor signals and described threshold level comparison.
27, a kind of for monitoring the equipment of the wearing and tearing of large-sized two-stroke diesel engine cross head bearing, crank pin bearing and main bearing, described equipment comprises at least two sensors, wherein said sensor is set up and is configured to for measuring the lower dead center level that given cylinder is relevant to the point of fixity of engine, wherein said equipment also comprises controller, and it is configured to:
Reception is from the signal of each sensor;
According to the service condition of engine, compensate each signal;
Determine whether to have exceeded threshold value, and if send the indication that exceeds threshold value, and wherein said controller is also configured to:
By the average level of the sensor signal in the cycle by the sensor signal of reception and previous time, relatively detect the quick variation of lower dead center level.
28, according to the equipment of aspect 27, sensor values second time cycle of the described time cycle being wherein compared prior to measuring.
29,, according to the equipment of aspect 27, wherein said controller is configured to the mean value of sensor signal and the average level comparison in previous time cycle that one group is received.
30,, according to the equipment of aspect 27, wherein said controller is configured to determine the rate of change of difference between the average level in previous time cycle and present level.
31,, according to the equipment of aspect 27, wherein said service condition is engine speed.
32,, according to the equipment of aspect 27, wherein said service condition is airscrewpiston rank.
33,, according to the equipment of aspect 27, wherein said service condition is load.
34, a kind of method of implementing in thering is the equipment of controller, described controller is configured to carry out and is stored in the instruction in physical medium, described method is for monitoring the wearing and tearing of large-sized two-stroke diesel engine cross head bearing, crank pin bearing and main bearing, described equipment comprises at least two sensors, wherein said sensor is set up and is configured to for measuring the lower dead center level that given cylinder is relevant to the point of fixity of engine, and wherein said method comprises:
Reception is from the signal of each sensor;
According to the service condition of engine, compensate each signal;
Determine whether to have exceeded threshold value, and if send the indication that exceeds threshold value, and wherein said method also comprises:
By the average level of the sensor signal in the cycle by the sensor signal of reception and previous time, relatively detect the quick variation of BDC level.
35, a kind of equipment of monitoring the wearing and tearing of cross head bearing in large-sized two-stroke diesel engine, crank pin bearing and main bearing, described equipment comprises at least two sensors, wherein said sensor is set up and is configured to for measuring the lower dead center level that given cylinder is relevant to the point of fixity of engine, wherein said equipment also comprises controller, and it is configured to:
Reception is from the signal of each sensor;
According to the service condition of engine, compensate each signal;
Determine whether to have exceeded threshold value, and if send the indication that exceeds threshold value, and wherein said controller is also configured to:
By
Upgrade the reference levels of sensor;
Upgrade sensor present level and
Determine reference value and determine whether described reference value has exceeded the quick variation that fast-changing threshold level detects lower dead center level.
36,, according to the equipment of aspect 35, wherein said controller is configured to upgrade described reference levels on the basis of index moving average.
37,, according to the equipment of aspect 36, the renewal factor representation of wherein said index moving average is slowly upgraded.
38,, according to the equipment of aspect 35, wherein said controller is configured to upgrade described present level on the basis of index moving average.
39,, according to the equipment of aspect 38, the renewal factor representation of wherein said index moving average is upgraded fast.
40, according to the equipment of aspect 35, poor between the described reference levels that wherein said reference value is sensor and described present level.
41,, according to the equipment of aspect 36, wherein said reference value is to belong to the described reference levels of a sensor of a cylinder and the described reference levels of another sensor and the summation of the difference between described present level that differ from and belong to same cylinder between described present level.
42,, according to the equipment of aspect 35, wherein said reference value is to belong to the described reference levels of a sensor of a cylinder and the described reference levels of another sensor and the summation of the difference between described present level that differ from and belong to adjacent cylinders between described present level.
43,, according to the equipment of aspect 35, wherein said service condition is engine speed.
44,, according to the equipment of aspect 35, wherein said service condition is airscrewpiston rank.
45,, according to the equipment of aspect 35, wherein said service condition is load.
46,, according to the equipment of aspect 35, wherein said fast-changing threshold level is dynamic.
47,, according to the equipment of aspect 35, on the basis that wherein said controller is configured to change at engine speed, determine dynamic threshold level.
48,, according to the equipment of aspect 47, wherein said controller is also configured on the basis of engine speed variation and reference velocity comparison, to determine described dynamic threshold level, the index moving average that described reference velocity is engine speed.
49,, according to the equipment of aspect 48, wherein said controller is also configured to determine described dynamic threshold level on the basis of engine speed variation and amplification constant.
50, according to the equipment of aspect 48, wherein said controller be also configured to take from up-to-date determine quick change threshold level and amplify engine speed after constant change, postpone constant and a plurality of engine speeds of receiving are the definite described dynamic threshold level in basis.
51,, according to the equipment of aspect 35, wherein said engine is large-sized two-stroke diesel engine.
52, a kind of method of monitoring the wearing and tearing of cross head bearing in engine, crank pin bearing and main bearing, described equipment comprises at least two sensors, wherein said sensor is set up and is configured to for measuring the lower dead center level that given cylinder is relevant to the point of fixity of engine, wherein said equipment also comprises controller, and it is configured to:
Reception is from the signal of each sensor;
According to the service condition of engine, compensate each signal;
Determine whether to have exceeded threshold value, and if send the indication that exceeds threshold value, and wherein said controller is also configured to:
By
Upgrade the reference levels of sensor;
Upgrade sensor present level and
Determine reference value and determine whether described reference value has exceeded the quick variation that fast-changing threshold level detects lower dead center level.
53, a kind of for monitoring the equipment of the wearing and tearing of large-sized two-stroke diesel engine cross head bearing, crank pin bearing and main bearing, described equipment comprises at least two sensors, wherein said sensor is set up and is configured to for measuring the lower dead center level that given cylinder is relevant to the point of fixity of described engine, wherein said equipment also comprises controller, and it is configured to:
Reception is from the signal of each sensor;
According to the service condition of engine, compensate each signal; And wherein said controller is also configured to:
By calculating the mean value of a time cycle inner sensor skew, and according to calculated mean deviation, compensate the reference value of affected sensor,
According to service condition compensation look-up table compensating signal value, by regulating, from the signal of sensor, readjust the compensation to sensor thus.
54,, according to the equipment of aspect 53, described in being configured to carry out on the basis that the signal from adjacent sensors is combined with the mean value obtaining in time cycle before the event of being readjusted by needs and afterwards, wherein said controller readjusts.
55,, according to the equipment of aspect 53, wherein said controller is configured to use the service condition compensation meter of adjacent sensors when readjusting sensor.
56, according to the equipment of aspect 53, wherein said controller is configured to passing through for readjusting the skew (O) of calculating described sensor after the time cycle of sensor, and wherein said controller is configured to calculate by following formula the skew of described sensor:
O＝O
1+a
3t
b+Ta
2
Wherein
O
1for the skew during sensor damage;
T
bfor the time of sensor damage;
A
2for the slope of a curve corresponding with the value of service condition compensation meter in adjustment cycle again;
A
3the corresponding slope of a curve of value for the service condition compensation meter with adjacent sensors; With
T is for readjusting the time cycle of sensor.
57, according to the equipment of aspect 54, wherein said controller was configured in the time cycle after the event that need to readjust the sensor time cycle, when calculating the sensor bias of other sensor and/or cylinder deviation, got rid of a sensor.
58,, according to the equipment of aspect 53, wherein said service condition is in engine speed, airscrewpiston rank and load.
59, a kind of method of implementing in thering is the equipment of controller, described controller is configured to carry out and is stored in the instruction in physical medium, described method is for monitoring the wearing and tearing of large-sized two-stroke diesel engine cross head bearing, crank pin bearing and main bearing, described equipment comprises at least two sensors, wherein said sensor is set up and is configured to for measuring the lower dead center level that given cylinder is relevant to the point of fixity of described engine, and wherein said method comprises:
Reception is from the signal of each sensor;
According to the service condition of engine, compensate each signal;
Determine whether to have exceeded threshold value, and if send the indication that exceeds threshold value, and wherein said method also comprises:
By calculating the mean value of a time cycle inner sensor skew, and according to calculated mean deviation, compensate the reference value of affected sensor,
According to service condition compensation look-up table compensating signal value, by adjusting, from the signal of sensor, readjust the compensation to sensor thus.
60, a kind of for monitoring the equipment of the wearing and tearing of large-sized two-stroke diesel engine cross head bearing, crank pin bearing and main bearing, described equipment comprises at least two sensors, wherein said sensor is set up and is configured to for measuring the lower dead center level that given cylinder is relevant to the point of fixity of described engine, wherein said equipment also comprises controller, and it is configured to:
Reception is from the signal of each sensor;
According to the service condition of engine, compensate each signal;
Determine whether to have exceeded threshold value, and if send the indication that exceeds threshold value, and wherein said controller is also configured to:
Generate trend curve, described curve shows in the time interval whether occurred any wearing and tearing.
61, according to the equipment of aspect 60, wherein said controller is configured to store the filter value with time mark of each sensor in short-term storage, and maximum, minimum and the average filter value of in long term memory, storing each sensor.
62,, according to the equipment of aspect 60, wherein said controller is configured to determine whether to have exceeded alarming limit, and if store the copy of short-term storage in long term memory.
63,, according to the equipment of aspect 62, wherein said controller is configured to the data in 5 minutes after described copy comprises warning time.
64,, according to the equipment of aspect 60, wherein said controller is configured to every 6 operating hours and stores described maximum, minimum and average filter value.
65, a kind of method of implementing in thering is the equipment of controller, described controller is configured to carry out and is stored in the instruction in physical medium, described method is for monitoring the wearing and tearing of large-sized two-stroke diesel engine cross head bearing, crank pin bearing and main bearing, described equipment comprises at least two sensors, wherein said sensor is set up and is configured to for measuring the lower dead center level that given cylinder is relevant to the point of fixity of described engine, and wherein said method comprises:
Reception is from the signal of each sensor;
According to the service condition of engine, compensate each signal;
Determine whether to have exceeded threshold value, and if send the indication that exceeds threshold value, and wherein said method also comprises:
Generate trend curve, described curve shows in the time interval whether occurred any wearing and tearing.
66, comprise according to an engine for the equipment of aspect 1,13,21,27,53 or 60, wherein said engine is large-sized two-stroke marine diesel engine.
67, a kind of comprising according to the marine vessel of the engine of one of aspect 51 or 66.
Claims (12)
1. one kind for monitoring the equipment of large-sized two-stroke diesel engine cross head bearing, crank pin bearing and main bearing wear, described equipment comprises at least two sensors, wherein said sensor is set up and is configured to for measuring by described sensor in the given cylinder lower dead center level relevant to the point of fixity of described engine, described sensor is configured to measure point that distance between described crosshead and point of fixity or measurement be attached to described crosshead and the distance between point of fixity, wherein said equipment also comprises controller, and it is configured to:
Reception is from the distance signal of each sensor,
According to the service condition of engine, compensate each distance signal, the service condition of wherein said engine is engine speed, engine loading or airscrewpiston rank, determines whether to have exceeded threshold value, and if send the indication that exceeds threshold value; And wherein said controller is further configured to:
In learning phase, at described engine run duration, by the sensor values generation engine operational conditions compensation meter of first quantity of sampling, the sensor distance value of described the first quantity is relevant to the engine operational conditions point of the second quantity of described engine run duration, and
After the sampling of described the first quantity that receives engine operational conditions point, the sampled distance value by the described engine operational conditions point to received averages determines reference value.
2. equipment as claimed in claim 1, the wherein described controller of following configuration:
For the first engine operational conditions, within a time cycle, receive the signal value from least one sensor,
Described signal value is averaged to generate the first reference value, and,
Use predetermined estimation changed factor, from described first reference value of engine operational conditions, be extrapolated to other engine operational conditions, thereby determine the rough calibration estimation of engine operational conditions compensation;
Wherein said controller is configured to according to described rough calibration, estimate to compensate during described learning phase the signal value of next step reception.
3. equipment as claimed in claim 2, wherein said controller is by further following configuration:
For second engine operational conditions, within a time cycle, receive the signal value from least one sensor,
Described signal value is averaged to generate the second reference value,
Between described first and second reference values of the speed between between the first and second speed, carry out interpolation, and use predetermined estimation changed factor to start extrapolation from described first and second reference values of the engine operational conditions except described the first and second engine operational conditions, thereby upgrade described rough calibration, estimate;
Wherein configure described controller to estimate to compensate the signal value of next step reception according to described rough calibration during learning phase.
4. equipment as claimed in claim 1, wherein configures described controller to receive the signal of three engine speeds, and described three engine speeds are:
The first engine speed is taken from 20% to 50% scope of engine datum speed;
The second engine speed is taken from 50% to 80% scope of engine datum speed; And,
Trimotor speed is taken from 80% to 100% scope of engine datum speed.
5. equipment as claimed in claim 3, the described rough calibration that wherein said controller is also configured to upgrade during described learning phase engine operational conditions compensation meter is estimated.
6. equipment as claimed in claim 2, wherein said controller is also configured to redefine with a time interval reference value of each engine operational conditions point, and uses new reference value to upgrade described engine operational conditions compensation meter.
7. equipment as claimed in claim 6, wherein said controller is also configured to determine: with the reference value comparison obtaining for the first time, whether the reference value of engine operational conditions point is changed by a factor, if so, starts alarm.
8. equipment as claimed in claim 5, carries out interpolation and extrapolates and upgrade described engine operational conditions compensation meter between the value that wherein said controller is also configured to estimate by the value at engine operational conditions compensation meter and rough calibration after described learning phase.
9. the equipment as described in any one in the claims, it comprises the sensor more than two, wherein said controller is configured to the sensor bias that sensor values based on received is determined each sensor, to determine the deviation of the mean value of each sensor and other sensor.
10. an engine that comprises equipment as described in any one in aforementioned claim, wherein said engine is large-sized two-stroke marine diesel engine.
11. 1 kinds of marine vessel that comprise engine as claimed in claim 10.
12. 1 kinds of methods for implementing at the equipment with controller, described controller is configured to carry out and is stored in the instruction in physical medium, described method is used for monitoring large-sized two-stroke diesel engine cross head bearing, the wearing and tearing of crank pin bearing and main bearing, described equipment comprises at least two sensors, wherein said sensor is set up and is configured to for measuring the lower dead center level relevant to the point of fixity of described engine at given cylinder by described sensor, described sensor is configured to measure point that distance between described crosshead and point of fixity or measurement be attached to described crosshead and the distance between point of fixity, wherein said method comprises:
Reception is from the distance signal of each sensor,
According to the service condition of engine, compensate each distance signal, the service condition of wherein said engine is engine speed, engine loading or airscrewpiston rank,
Determine whether to have exceeded threshold value, and if send the indication that exceeds threshold value;
And wherein said method also comprises:
In learning phase, at described engine run duration, by the sensor values generation engine operational conditions compensation meter of first quantity of sampling, the sensor distance value of described the first quantity is relevant to the engine operational conditions point of the second quantity of described engine run duration, and
After the sampling of described the first quantity that receives engine operational conditions point, the sampled value by the described engine operational conditions point to received averages determines reference distance value.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DKPA201000401 | 2010-05-07 | ||
| DK201000401A DK178172B1 (en) | 2010-05-07 | 2010-05-07 | Improved monitoring of wear of bearings in a large two stroke diesel engine |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN102288408A CN102288408A (en) | 2011-12-21 |
| CN102288408B true CN102288408B (en) | 2014-10-15 |
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| CN201110117518.XA Active CN102288408B (en) | 2010-05-07 | 2011-05-06 | Apparatus and method for monitoring wear of a crosshead bearing in stroke diesel engine |
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| Country | Link |
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| JP (1) | JP5746547B2 (en) |
| KR (1) | KR101693755B1 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN102288408B (en) |
| CH (1) | CH702986B1 (en) |
| DK (1) | DK178172B1 (en) |
| FI (2) | FI123312B (en) |
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| KR101961614B1 (en) * | 2014-04-22 | 2019-03-26 | 현대일렉트릭앤에너지시스템(주) | Bearing wear monitoring system and method for bearing wear measuring thereof |
| FR3060758B1 (en) * | 2016-12-16 | 2021-01-08 | Schneider Electric Ind Sas | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR DIAGNOSING THE WEAR OF AN ELECTRIC SWITCHING APPARATUS, AND ELECTRICAL APPARATUS INCLUDING SUCH A DEVICE |
| FR3069638B1 (en) * | 2017-07-28 | 2021-01-01 | Renault Sas | ON-BOARD THERMAL SENSOR ON VEHICLE |
| ES2793651T3 (en) * | 2017-11-08 | 2020-11-16 | Schaeffler Monitoring Services Gmbh | Procedure and device for monitoring a bearing play of rolling bearings |
| JP6718926B2 (en) * | 2018-07-12 | 2020-07-08 | 大同メタル工業株式会社 | Bearing system, bearing system control method, and computer program for controlling bearing system |
| US10975908B1 (en) | 2019-10-29 | 2021-04-13 | Schaeffler Monitoring Services Gmbh | Method and device for monitoring a bearing clearance of roller bearings |
| KR102280041B1 (en) * | 2020-01-15 | 2021-07-21 | 현대중공업 주식회사 | Apparatus and method for monitoring load on the shaft bearing of ship |
| CN112132329B (en) * | 2020-09-10 | 2024-02-23 | 潍柴动力股份有限公司 | Method, system, equipment and medium for predicting wear amount of crank-connecting rod mechanism |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
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| FI20115427A0 (en) | 2011-05-05 |
| KR101693755B1 (en) | 2017-01-06 |
| FI20125874L (en) | 2012-08-22 |
| CH702986B1 (en) | 2012-06-29 |
| FI20115427A (en) | 2011-11-08 |
| FI125410B (en) | 2015-10-15 |
| JP2011237420A (en) | 2011-11-24 |
| CN102288408A (en) | 2011-12-21 |
| DK178172B1 (en) | 2015-07-20 |
| JP5746547B2 (en) | 2015-07-08 |
| KR20110123669A (en) | 2011-11-15 |
| FI123312B (en) | 2013-02-15 |
| DK201000401A (en) | 2011-11-08 |
| CH702986A2 (en) | 2011-11-15 |
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