CN102285120B - 电熔接头冷焊缺陷判定方法 - Google Patents

电熔接头冷焊缺陷判定方法 Download PDF

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CN102285120B
CN102285120B CN2011102114821A CN201110211482A CN102285120B CN 102285120 B CN102285120 B CN 102285120B CN 2011102114821 A CN2011102114821 A CN 2011102114821A CN 201110211482 A CN201110211482 A CN 201110211482A CN 102285120 B CN102285120 B CN 102285120B
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施建峰
郑津洋
郭伟灿
徐平
徐成
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Zhejiang University ZJU
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/82Testing the joint
    • B29C65/8292Testing the joint by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/34Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement"
    • B29C65/3404Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" characterised by the type of heated elements which remain in the joint
    • B29C65/342Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" characterised by the type of heated elements which remain in the joint comprising at least a single wire, e.g. in the form of a winding
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/34Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement"
    • B29C65/3472Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" characterised by the composition of the heated elements which remain in the joint
    • B29C65/3476Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" characterised by the composition of the heated elements which remain in the joint being metallic
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/82Testing the joint
    • B29C65/8253Testing the joint by the use of waves or particle radiation, e.g. visual examination, scanning electron microscopy, or X-rays
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/52Joining tubular articles, bars or profiled elements
    • B29C66/522Joining tubular articles
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/71General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the composition of the plastics material of the parts to be joined
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/721Fibre-reinforced materials
    • B29C66/7212Fibre-reinforced materials characterised by the composition of the fibres

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  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract

本发明涉及塑料管道焊接技术,旨在提供一种电熔接头冷焊缺陷判定方法。包括:用超声相控阵检测成像仪器从电熔接头焊接处管材的内表面进行检测,获得超声检测图;在不同方向上测量超声检测图中的特征线与管材-套筒界面之间的距离Li;如其中的最小值Lm符合设定的评判标准,则被检测处的电熔接头不存在冷焊缺陷。本发明中检测电熔接头冷焊缺陷的方法具有更广泛的实用性,可普遍适用于不同类型、不同厂家、不同焊接工艺的电熔套筒;可适用于不同配合关系的管材与电熔套筒形成的电熔接头的冷焊检测;只需测量一个电熔接头的焊接状况就可以判断冷焊情况,不需要再焊制正常焊接接头进行二次测量,节约焊接接头制备和超声检测的成本。

Description

电熔接头冷焊缺陷判定方法
技术领域
本发明涉及塑料管道焊接技术,特别涉及电熔接头冷焊缺陷判定方法。
技术背景
近年来,我国能源结构和政策的调整以及西气东输等重要能源战略计划的进一步实施,给我国的管道行业带来巨大的发展空间。塑料管道和热塑性增强塑料复合管以其优异的综合力学性能在各行业中得到快速的发展和应用,其主要代表性产品有聚乙烯管、聚丙烯管、聚氯乙烯管、铝塑复合管、钢塑复合管、玻璃纤维增强塑料管等。电熔焊接是塑料管和复合管最主要的连接方式之一,尤其在某些复杂恶劣环境(如高压、泥浆等)下使用的复合管道,电熔焊接几乎是唯一适用的连接方法。
对任何管道系统,管道接头都是管道系统的薄弱环节。对于输送石油、天然气等能源介质的塑料管道或塑料复合管道,一旦发生管道接头泄漏失效,将造成火灾、爆炸等恶劣事故,直接危及到管道沿线人员的生命财产安全。因此,电熔接头的安全性和可靠性受到越来越多的关注。
冷焊是电熔接头中最常见的一种缺陷。冷焊缺陷在外观上与正常焊接接头无异,在管道验收过程的试压阶段也不会发生泄漏,但是在长期服役的条件下,会沿着熔接面发生慢速裂纹扩展失效,最终导致管道内输送介质泄漏发生危险。
郑津洋等提出一种基于相控阵超声检测技术的聚烯烃管道冷焊检测方法(CN200710069206.X),并根据比较待测电熔套筒中的特征线与电阻丝之间的距离和正常焊接接头中特征线与电阻丝之间的距离来判断接头是否存在冷焊。然而在实际应用中,不同厂家的电熔套筒其焊接工艺各不相同,有些甚至连电熔套筒结构也是不相同的。对于不同的电熔套筒品牌,“正常焊接接头”的定义是不相同的。在这方面,既没有相应的标准进行统一规范,也没有相关的研究进行界定。因此,基于“正常焊接接头”中特征线与电阻丝之间的距离判断是否为冷焊缺陷不能适用于不同厂家的电熔接头。
例如,国内某两种品牌的PE80DN90电熔套筒,都采用39.5V的焊接电压,而焊接时间分别是110s和80s。如果以110s焊接时间的特征线与电阻丝之间的距离为标准,按照参考专利所述,88s的焊接时间就是不合格的产品。而标准焊接时间为80s的电熔套筒,最低要求的焊接时间约为64s。这种不同厂家之间产品焊接工艺的差异将使参考专利所述的冷焊判定方法难以具体实施。本发明提出的技术方案将解决这一问题。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是,提供一种新的技术方案,可以判断各种聚烯烃管道或复合材料管道电熔接头是否存在冷焊缺陷。该方法不受生产厂商,电熔套筒结构以及焊接工艺等因素的影响。
为解决技术问题,本发明提供的电熔接头冷焊缺陷判定方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)用超声相控阵检测成像仪器从电熔接头焊接处管材的内表面进行检测,获得超声检测图;
(2)测量超声检测图中的特征线与管材-套筒界面之间的距离Li
(3)调整超声相控阵检测成像仪器探头的检测位置,获得在不同方向上的超声检测图,并测量得到各图中的Li值;
(4)比较各Li值,如其中的最小值Lm(mm)符合下述评判标准,则被检测处的电熔接头不存在冷焊缺陷:
L m &GreaterEqual; 0.1 d p , d p &GreaterEqual; 10 1.0 , d p < 10
式中:dp为管材壁厚(mm)。
本发明所述步骤(2)的具体方法为:测量超声检测图中电阻丝相邻线圈之间的像素数为Nj,测量特征线与管材-套筒界面之间的像素数为NL,则特征线与管材-套筒界面距离Li按照以下公式计算:
L i = N L N j &CenterDot; L j
式中,Lj为电阻丝相邻线圈之间的间距(mm)。
本发明内容的提出是基于三个新的发现:(1)采用相控阵超声检测成像仪器可以在管材中检测到特征线;(2)管材中特征线的位置即是电熔焊接过程中的最大熔融区边界的位置;(3)不管采用何种焊接工艺,电熔接头的管材中其熔融区边界与焊接界面的距离超过0.1倍的管材厚度后,焊接界面粘结强度不会再有明显提升。
基于上述发现,可以通过判断管材中特征线与管材-套筒熔接面之间的距离是否超过0.1倍管材厚度判定待检测电熔接头是否存在冷焊缺陷。
相对于现有技术,本发明的有益效果是:
本发明中检测电熔接头冷焊缺陷的方法具有更广泛的实用性:
(1)可普遍适用于不同类型、不同厂家、不同焊接工艺的电熔套筒;
(2)可适用于不同配合关系的管材与电熔套筒形成的电熔接头的冷焊检测;
(3)只需测量一个电熔接头的焊接状况就可以判断冷焊情况,不需要再焊制正常焊接接头进行二次测量,节约焊接接头制备和超声检测的成本。
例如采用文献中的方法测量DN90电熔接头中特征线与电阻丝之间的标准距离为3.2mm,而DN90管材的最大不圆度可达1.8mm,因此管材与套筒间的最大配合间隙之差可能达到0.9mm。实际焊接过程中可能出现配合紧密的位置已经焊接完好,而配合间隙较大的位置仍然没有充分焊接的情况。采用参考标准中所述方法虽然可以检测套筒中的熔融区位置,但无法获知管材-套筒界面是否熔融完好。由于热量是由套筒内传入管材中的,因而采用本发明检测管材中熔融区的深度,可以确保界面已经完全熔融。
附图说明
图1为从管材内表面检测获得的超声相控阵检测成像图;
图2为最大平均直径差与公称直径关系图。
具体实施方式
1)用超声相控阵检测成像仪器从电熔接头焊接处管材的内表面进行检测,调整增益和界面耦合条件,直至获得超声检测图(如图1所示);
2)测量图中的特征线与管材-套筒界面距离Li(mm):具体方法为,测量图像中电阻丝相邻线圈之间的像素数为Nj,测量图像中特征线与管材-套筒界面之间的像素数NL,则特征线与管材-套筒界面距离Li按照以下公式计算:
L i = N L N j &CenterDot; L j
式中,Lj为电阻丝相邻线圈之间的间距(mm),可以直接测量得到。
3)改变超声探头在管材内表面的检测位置,获得不同界面的超声成像图,测量得到不同的Li
4)比较不同界面的中特征线与管材套筒界面的距离,直至获得管材中特征线与管材-套筒界面之间的最小距离Lm(mm);
5)判定电熔接头是否存在冷焊缺陷,电熔接头冷焊缺陷的评判标准是:
L m &GreaterEqual; 0.1 d p , d p &GreaterEqual; 10 1.0 , d p < 10
式中:dp为管材壁厚(mm)。
其中,0.1系数的选取依据是,管材与套筒之间的最大平均直径差θ满足图2所示关系。如果是SDR11规格的管材,直径为壁厚的11倍,则最大平均直径差可能达到:
θ;0.006×11dp=0.066dp
如果是SDR17.6规格的管材,直径为壁厚的17.6倍,则最大平均直径差可能达到:
θ;0.006×17.6dp=0.1056dp
因此系数统一取为0.1。
此外,特征线测量通常有±0.5mm的误差,因此要求采用特征线测量方法得到的管材的最小熔融层深度应至少为1.0mm。

Claims (2)

1.电熔接头冷焊缺陷判定方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)用超声相控阵检测成像仪器从电熔接头焊接处管材的内表面进行检测,获得超声检测图;
(2)测量超声检测图中的特征线与管材-套筒界面之间的距离Li
(3)调整超声相控阵检测成像仪器探头的检测位置,获得在不同方向上的超声检测图,并测量得到各图中的Li值;
(4)比较各Li值,如其中的最小值Lm(mm)符合下述评判标准,则被检测处的电熔接头不存在冷焊缺陷:
L m &GreaterEqual; 0.1 d p , d p &GreaterEqual; 10 1.0 , d p < 10
式中:dp为管材壁厚(mm)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的电熔接头冷焊缺陷判定方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(2)的具体方法为:测量超声检测图中电阻丝相邻线圈之间的像素数为Nj,测量特征线与管材-套筒界面之间的像素数为NL,则特征线与管材-套筒界面距离Li按照以下公式计算:
L i = N L N j &CenterDot; L j
式中,Lj为电阻丝相邻线圈之间的间距(mm)。
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