CN102283187B - Method for trapping and controlling Toxoptera aurantii Boyer - Google Patents
Method for trapping and controlling Toxoptera aurantii Boyer Download PDFInfo
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- CN102283187B CN102283187B CN 201110160810 CN201110160810A CN102283187B CN 102283187 B CN102283187 B CN 102283187B CN 201110160810 CN201110160810 CN 201110160810 CN 201110160810 A CN201110160810 A CN 201110160810A CN 102283187 B CN102283187 B CN 102283187B
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for trapping and controlling Toxoptera aurantii Boyer, which comprises the steps of: with cis-3-hexen-1-ol, trans-2-hexenal, gaultherolin and phenylcarbinol as taste source matters, preparing into a Toxoptera aurantii Boyer botanical pheromone trapping agent according to the proportion of 1:(0.1-15): (0.1-15): (0.1-15), or preparing the gaultherolin, schizonol and nepetalactone into a Toxoptera aurantii Boyer pheromone trapping agent according to the proportion of 1: (0.1-15): (0.1-15), selecting color bud green, rape flower yellow and jasmine yellow to be prepared into a sticky colored plate, combining with a sticky colored plate trapper to prepare a trapper, and placing the trapper into a tea garden for trapping Toxoptera aurantii Boyer or sexuales to reduce overwintering fertilized ova so that the population density in next year is reduced. The method provided by the invention is free of pollution, adapts to the production of current organic tea and non-polluted tea, and has the advantages of high control efficiency, stable performance, reduction of use frequency and use dosage of chemical pesticides, convenience for transportation of raw materials and use, and low cost.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to bunch caterpillar and prevent and treat method, relate to the method for a kind of trapping, preventing and controlling tea aphid, utilize plant information element trapping bait or tea aphid property trapping bait and viscosity colour table to form trapper, be used for trapping, preventing and controlling tea aphid.
Background technology
China has 40,000 hectares organic tea garden at present approximately, banned pesticides, but insect pest seriously occurs; China also has the vast nuisanceless tea place of area, use kind and the dosage of restriction agricultural chemicals.Therefore, the usage amount of chemical pesticide certainly will gradually reduce.
The tea aphid
Toxoptera aurantiiBoyer is the important Pests of Tea-Plants of China, belongs to Homoptera Homoptera Aphidiadae Aphididae, extensively distributes in China tea district.Sanya Area from Shandong Province's Rizhao Area to Hainan Island, annual breeding 10
40 generations, at In Middle And Lower Reaches of Changjiang River, 4
May, 9
Form 2 insect population peaks November.The tea aphid with become, the lancet of nymph thrusts the tender tip of tea tree, absorbs juice, cause commodity tea fragrant low lightly seasoned, profile is soft; The food that does not digest is drained on tea tree lower floor blade face with " honeydew " secretion, multiplies the fumagine bacterium of black, hinders photosynthesis, causes the tealeaves underproduction, the bad change of tea leaf quality.Because high-grade goods tealeaves is made with the tender tip, and the tea aphid is just caused harm at the tender tip, is unsuitable for to use chemical pesticide.Usually do not prevent and treat the tea aphid in the production, so the output that this insect is caused and quality loss are very large.
West Lake Dragon Well tea is enjoyed great prestige at home and abroad, is one of important brand of China's Tea Industry, and the white tea in the Anji in Zhejiang Province also is the important brand of China's Tea Industry, and these two kinds of tea are all made with the tender tender tip of tea tree children.The tea aphid tender Damage habits that becomes is fairly obvious, so these two kinds of tea are injured seriously, the white tea in Anji especially, and amino acid content is high, and it is heavier caused harm by the tea aphid, and over nearly 10 years, the tea aphid has become one of most important insect in white tea producing region, Anji.Given this, must expand the new worm approach of controlling.
Usually, insect has certain taxis for Kairomone Emitted and the color that health plant discharges, if find out the composition of these kairomones, select wherein active stronger component, be mixed with the stronger trapping bait of attractant effect, stack trapping bait and color then can be implemented the trapping, preventing and controlling of tea aphid for the attracting action of tea aphid; And sex pheromone also has remarkable attractant effect for the sexuale that has of the tea aphid in autumn.Superimposed gyplure and color be for the trapping effect of sexual tea aphid in autumn, can effectively reduce that female, male aphid mating is given birth to, be used for the fertilized egg survived the winter, thereby force down the insect population radix of surviving the winter.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide the method for a kind of trapping, preventing and controlling tea aphid, realize by following steps:
(1) make trapping bait:
It is 10 that suitable-blatter alcohol, anti--the 2-hexenoic aldehyde, gaultherolin and phenmethylol are made into respectively concentration
-6G/ml-10
-1The odor source of g/ml, solvent were n-hexane, by 1: 0.1
15:0.1
15:0.1
15 ratio is made into tea aphid plant resource pheromones trapping bait, and is stated from rubber tip, as luring core;
Or pure and mild nepetalactone in gaultherolin, the schizonepeta is made into respectively concentration is 10
-6G/ml-10
-1The odor source of g/ml, configuration is n-hexane with solvent, in 1: 0.1-15: the 0.1-15 ratio is made into tea aphid property trapping bait, and is stated from rubber tip, as luring core;
(2) make the viscosity colour table: select that the color bud is green, rape is brightly yellowish and the yellow viscosity colour table of making of jasmine, haftplatte material selection plastics, profile be square, the length of side 25
30 centimetres;
(3) make trapper: 3 kinds of viscosity colour tables are made up with tea aphid plant resource pheromones trapping bait respectively, make tea aphid plant resource pheromones trapper; Or with 3 kinds of viscosity colour tables and the combination of tea aphid property trapping bait, make tea aphid pheromone trap;
(4) trapping, preventing and controlling tea aphid: trapper is put into the tea place, and the trapper bottom is concordant with the tea tip, and the distance between the trapper is 5 ~ 10 meters, and every mu is used 10 ~ 30 trappers.Trapper is invested on the small bamboo with thin wire, insert the tea clump, the bottom of haftplatte and the tea tip are contour.
The said core that lures of step (1) is to use first the soaked in absolute ethyl alcohol rubber tip more than 24 hours, dries, and soaks such rubber tip 12 with trapping bait again
36 hours and make.The rubber tip of selecting natural rubber to make.
Step (4) is chosen in migrate Sheng phase and tea aphid peak period of tea aphid and places tea aphid plant resource pheromones trapper, trapping tea aphid; Placing tea aphid pheromone trap 10-11 month, the trapping sexuale.
Another object of the present invention provides the application of described method in trapping, preventing and controlling tea aphid.
Advantage of the present invention: (1) is pollution-free, is adapted to current organic tea and non-polluted tea production.(2) high, the stable performance of efficient, deduction and exemption chemical pesticide access times and using dosage.(3) be convenient to transportation, easy to use.(4) cost is low.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of trapper.
Embodiment
The present invention is further described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
Embodiment 1
The 1st step was separated the component of identifying tea tree different cultivars volatile matter
Use air to carry absorption method secretly.Potted plant tea tree plant part is placed in the clean cloche, pass into pure air from air inlet, take away smell, flow through the Super Q post that is connected to the gas outlet, with organic solvent drip washing Super Q post, flow down slowly concentrate eluant at nitrogen, be concentrated into 20
About, get 1
, analyze through GC-MS, and the matching standard sample, identify 13 kinds of components in the Dragon Well tea kind tea plant volatiles: anti--the 2-hexenoic aldehyde, suitable-blatter alcohol, suitable-3-hexene acetic acid esters, 2-Ethylhexyl Alcohol,
-ocimene, linalool, nonyl alcohol, suitable-butyric acid-the hexene ester, capraldehyde, the tetradecane, caryophyllene, geraniol and hexadecane.Also from the white tea kind tea plant volatiles of whole strain Anji, separate with method and to identify 13 kinds of components: anti--the 2-hexenoic aldehyde, suitable-blatter alcohol, suitable-3-hexene acetic acid esters, 2-Ethylhexyl Alcohol,
-ocimene, linalool, nonyl alcohol, suitable-butyric acid-the hexene ester, capraldehyde, gaultherolin, caryophyllene, geraniol and phenmethylol.
The 2nd step filtered out 4 kinds of components that have stronger attractive activity for the tea aphid
Use four arm olfactometers to carry out biologicall test, from the volatile matter of Dragon Well tea kind, the white tea kind in Anji, filter out the active component of luring the tea aphid.Four arm olfactometers are square, the length of side 10 cm, high 1 cm in close beta chamber, 1 arm connection flavor source bottle wherein, distilled water bottle, molecular sieve; 3 arms connect respectively control bottle, distilled water bottle, molecular sieve in addition, bleed with vavuum pump from four arm olfactometer centers, natural air is successively through molecular sieve filtration, distilled water bottle humidification, flavor source bottle or control bottle, " A district " at the olfactometer center crosses, stop to bleed, add the tea aphid from the olfactometer center and bleed, aphid is scattered in flavor source region and check plot with before upwind.Take atoleine as solvent, identify in selected Dragon Well tea kind volatile matter, the Anji white tea kind volatile matter anti--2-hexenoic aldehyde, suitable-blatter alcohol, suitable-3-hexene acetic acid esters, 2-Ethylhexyl Alcohol,
-ocimene, linalool, nonyl alcohol, suitable-butyric acid-the hexene ester, capraldehyde, the tetradecane, caryophyllene, geraniol, hexadecane, gaultherolin, 15 kinds of compositions of phenmethylol, wiring solution-forming respectively, concentration is 10
-6G/ml ~ 10
-1G/ml, as odor source, take atoleine as contrast, the odor source of containing 1 ml with the 2 ml peace a word used in place name bottle of opening places the atoleine of flavor source bottle, Sheng 1 ml to place control bottle, introduces once 20 tea aphid adults, behind 3 min that bleed, counting is selected the aphid number in flavor source region and is selected the aphid number of check plot, calculate the mean of 3 check plot aphid numbers, repeat 10 times, use
tDetection method is surveyed the difference between flavor source region aphid number and the check plot aphid mean, determines that suitable-blatter alcohol, anti--the 2-hexenoic aldehyde, gaultherolin and phenmethylol are the component with stronger attractive activity.
The 3rd step made trapping bait and lured core
The rubber tip made from the soaked in absolute ethyl alcohol natural rubber was taken out more than 24 hours, dried for subsequent use.
(1) take n-hexane as solvent, respectively suitable-blatter alcohol, anti--the 2-hexenoic aldehyde, gaultherolin and phenmethylol being made into concentration is 10
– 6G/ml-10
-1The odor source of g/ml was by 1: 0.1
15:0.1
15:0.1
15 ratio is made into tea aphid plant resource pheromones trapping bait, is stated from the rubber tip that soaked in absolute ethyl alcohol is crossed, as luring core; (2) take n-hexane as solvent, respectively pure and mild nepetalactone in gaultherolin, the schizonepeta being made into concentration is 10
– 6G/ml-10
-1The odor source of g/ml, in 1: 0.1-15: the 0.1-15 ratio is made into tea aphid property trapping bait, is stated from rubber tip, as luring core.
The screening of the 4th step has the color of stronger attractive activity to the tea aphid
Purchase that bud is green, parrot is green, jasmine is yellow, rape is brightly yellowish, olive is yellowish green, calcedony is green, peacock green, bluish-green, blackish green, rape is brightly yellowish and snow-white 11 kinds of plastic plates, every kind of color is all made 10 rectangular two-sided colour tables, colorless and odorless insect glue is smeared on the two sides of colour table equably, in late April tea apid population peak period, place tea place trapping tea aphid.The result shows that bud is green, jasmine is yellow and the yellow allure of jasmine is stronger.
Colourity and the brightness of the 5th pacing fixation coloured silk
The color colour difference meter that uses Hong Kong Minolta company to produce, model C R-331C, the colour space is selected the absolute measurement mode, records the parameter of 4 kinds of colors:
The green L 70 of bud
80 a-20
-30 b+30
+ 40
The yellow L 80 of jasmine
90 a-2
-10 b+65
+ 75
The brightly yellowish L 85 of rape
95 a-2
-10 b+25
+ 35
Wherein, the 1st numerical value L represents brightness, and the 2nd numerical value a is chromaticity coordinate, and "+" represents red composition, and "-" represents green composition, and the 3rd numerical value b is chromaticity coordinate, "+" expression Huang Cheng part, and "-" represents blue composition.
The 6th step was made trapper
When use in the field, be loaded with plant resource pheromones trapping bait lure core respectively green with bud, jasmine is yellow and the brightly yellowish viscosity colour table of rape is combined, makes tea aphid plant resource pheromones trapper.Be loaded with tea aphid property trapping bait lure core respectively green with bud, jasmine is yellow and the brightly yellowish viscosity colour table of rape is combined, makes tea aphid pheromone trap.
The 7th step was used tea aphid plant resource pheromones trapper
1Migrate the Sheng phase for preventing and treating optimum period with the tea place
In the middle and lower reach of Yangtze River and northern area, tea tree 1 year sprouts 4 takes turns, i.e. mid or late March, mid or late May, mid-August, mid-September are when tea shoot sprouts, the Winged tea aphid that migrates and is just arranged on the bud point, can place at this moment tea aphid plant resource pheromones trapper and implement trapping.
With the tea aphid Population occurrence Sheng phase for preventing and treating optimum period
In 1 year, tea aphid population the late April-the first tenday period of a month in May, 2 peaks appear the 9-10 month, population rapid to around expansion, can place at this moment tea aphid plant resource pheromones trapper and implement trapping.
The 8th step was used tea aphid pheromone trap
10-11 month induces lower at short-day, the aphid group differentiates a large amount of female one-tenth aphids and becomes aphid with hero, and mating is given birth to fertilized egg and survived the winter.Can place at this moment tea aphid pheromone trap, the trapping sexuale with the fertilized egg that minimizing is survived the winter, forces down the insect density in next year.
Embodiment 2
Selected 1.3 hectares of tea places of an area in the Mei Jia depressed place in one of Xihu Longjing Tea original producton location in 2010, this sheet tea place is arranged in mountain forest, generally the anti-worm of curing the disease of not dispenser.It is divided into two parts, at a distance of 300 meters.A part is trapping area, area 3300 m
2, evenly place respectively 100 tea aphid plant resource pheromones trappers in March 20, May 20, August 20, September 20, colour table is the yellow plastics haftplatte of jasmine, is spaced apart 7 m
8 m; Another part is not done control for contrast.Migrate March 30, May 30 days, August 30 days, September 30 of Sheng phase the tea aphid, respectively in trapping area, 5 samplings in check plot, every sampling point is 4 meters capable, 40 tea tips of random searching of long tea, and 200 tips are investigated in each district altogether at every turn, calculate the bud tip percentage (table 1) that the tea aphid is arranged.As seen, trap in tea aphid Sheng phase of migrating, can effective restraint tea aphid population.
Embodiment 3
In April, 2010, tea aphid occurance peak also in the tea place of 1.2 hectares of areas of Mei Jia depressed place alternative, was divided into two parts, and middle at a distance of 200 meters, a part is as trapping area, about 3300 m of area
2, in the April 20 that becomes the aphid peak period, evenly place 100 tea aphid plant resource pheromones trappers, colour table is the green plastics haftplatte of bud, is spaced apart 7 m
8 m; Another part is not placed trapper for contrast.May 1 was the time of tea place, Mei Jia depressed place tea aphid population density maximum, respectively in trapping area, 5 samplings in check plot, every sampling point also is 4 meters capable, 40 tea tips of random searching of long tea, 200 tips are investigated in each district altogether, calculating has the bud tip percentage (table 2) of tea aphid, in the time in late spring, the trapping of tea aphid occurance peak has remarkable restricting effect.
。
Embodiment 4
In September, 2010 tea aphid occurance peak, the tea place 1.3 hectares of areas in Anji County siron township, Zhejiang Province is divided into two parts, middle at a distance of 200 meters, a part is as trapping area, about 3300 m of area
2, in the September 15 that becomes the aphid peak period, evenly place 100 tea aphid plant resource pheromones trappers, colour table is the brightly yellowish plastics haftplatte of rape, is spaced apart 7 m
8 m; Another part is not placed trapper for contrast.Tea district, Anji, the left and right sides on the 25th in September tea aphid population density is larger, and respectively in trapping area, 5 samplings in check plot, every sampling point is 4 meters capable, 40 tea tips of random searching of long tea, and 200 tips are investigated in each district altogether, calculate the bud tip percentage (table 3) that the tea aphid is arranged.So in the time in the mid-autumn, the trapping of tea aphid occurance peak also has remarkable restricting effect.
Embodiment 5
In October, 2010, tea aphid sexuale was more, and the tea place 1.7 hectares of areas in Anji County siron township, Zhejiang Province is divided into two parts, and middle at a distance of 400 meters, a part is as trapping area, about 3300 m of area
2, another part is as check plot, about 3300 m of area
2, do not do control.Sheng phase sexuale beginning is October 10.The morning, every sampling point was 4 meters capable, 40 tea tips of random searching of long tea respectively in trapping area, 5 samplings in check plot, and 200 tips are investigated in each district altogether, calculate the bud tip percentage (table 4) that the tea aphid is arranged.
Evenly place 100 tea aphid pheromone traps at trapping area afternoon on the 10th, and colour table is the brightly yellowish plastics haftplatte of rape, is spaced apart 7 m
8 m; Trapper is not placed in the check plot.On March 30th, 2011 is with the bud tip percentage (table 5) that the tea aphid is arranged in method investigation trapping area, the check plot.The observability lure is traped sexuale effectively, and it is lower to cause spring in next year tea apid population density.
Claims (3)
1. the method for a trapping, preventing and controlling tea aphid is characterized in that, realizes by following steps:
(1) make trapping bait:
It is 10 that suitable-blatter alcohol, anti--the 2-hexenoic aldehyde, gaultherolin and phenmethylol are made into respectively concentration
-6G/ml-10
-1The odor source of g/ml, solvent are n-hexane, are made into tea aphid plant resource pheromones trapping bait in the ratio of 1: 0.1 ~ 15:0.1 ~ 15: 0.1 ~ 15, and are stated from rubber tip, as luring core;
Or pure and mild nepetalactone in gaultherolin, the schizonepeta is made into respectively concentration is 10
-6G/ml-10
-1The odor source of g/ml, configuration is n-hexane with solvent, in 1: 0.1-15: the 0.1-15 ratio is made into tea aphid property trapping bait, and is stated from rubber tip, as luring core;
(2) make the viscosity colour table: select that the color bud is green, rape is brightly yellowish and the yellow viscosity colour table of making of jasmine;
(3) make trapper: 3 kinds of viscosity colour tables are made up with tea aphid plant resource pheromones trapping bait respectively, make tea aphid plant resource pheromones trapper; Or with 3 kinds of viscosity colour tables and the combination of tea aphid property trapping bait, make tea aphid pheromone trap;
(4) trapping, preventing and controlling tea aphid: trapper is put into the tea place, and the trapper bottom is concordant with the tea tip, and the distance between the trapper is 5 ~ 10 meters, every mu is used 10 ~ 30 trappers, trapper is invested on the small bamboo with thin wire, insert the tea clump, the bottom of haftplatte and the tea tip are contour;
The described core that lures of step (1) is to use first the soaked in absolute ethyl alcohol rubber tip 24 hours, dries, and soaks rubber tip 12 ~ 36 hours with trapping bait again and makes;
Step (4) is chosen in migrate Sheng phase and tea aphid peak period of tea aphid and places tea aphid plant resource pheromones trapper, trapping tea aphid; Placing tea aphid pheromone trap 10-11 month, the trapping sexuale.
2. the method for a kind of trapping, preventing and controlling tea aphid according to claim 1 is characterized in that, viscosity colour table material selection plastics, and profile is square, 25 ~ 30 centimetres of the length of sides.
3. the application of the method for a kind of trapping, preventing and controlling tea aphid according to claim 1 in trapping, preventing and controlling tea aphid.
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| CN103651305B (en) * | 2013-12-22 | 2015-07-15 | 中国计量学院 | Method for trapping empoasca vitis gothe by means of tea plantation weed rosemary smell |
| CN104663657B (en) * | 2015-02-14 | 2016-06-08 | 福建农林大学 | A kind of cigarette aphid attractant and preparation method thereof |
| CN104855354A (en) * | 2015-05-06 | 2015-08-26 | 福建农林大学 | Tobacco aphid trap yellow plate added with attractant and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN104886054A (en) * | 2015-05-31 | 2015-09-09 | 中国计量学院 | Preparation method and application of tea aphid sex lure |
| CN106489866A (en) * | 2016-10-18 | 2017-03-15 | 中国林业科学研究院资源昆虫研究所 | A kind of non-harmful wax insect parasitic wasp trapping bait and its preparation method and application |
| CN108094001A (en) * | 2017-12-14 | 2018-06-01 | 中国计量大学 | A kind of method for trapping aphid chalcid fly and restricting tea aphid |
| CN109892329A (en) * | 2019-03-25 | 2019-06-18 | 西南林业大学 | A kind of aphid repellant based on multicomponent straight chain unsaturated aldehyde |
| CN111937870B (en) * | 2020-09-10 | 2022-02-18 | 江苏开放大学（江苏城市职业学院） | Attractant suitable for trapping aphids in carpinus europaeus and application of attractant |
| CN113207832B (en) * | 2021-05-13 | 2023-03-17 | 杭州茶菊科技有限公司 | Method for push-pull type trapping and killing winged tea aphids in growing season by using repellent and attractant |
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| CN1242669C (en) * | 2004-04-27 | 2006-02-22 | 中国农业科学院茶叶研究所 | Method for trapping Empoasca vitis Gothe imago/nymph and Aleurocanthus spiniferus imago |
| CN1269400C (en) * | 2004-04-27 | 2006-08-16 | 中国农业科学院茶叶研究所 | Tea garden insect trapping method |
| CN101816297B (en) * | 2010-04-30 | 2011-07-20 | 中国计量学院 | Method for trapping, preventing and controlling adults of ectropis obliqua |
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