CN102278142B - Vacuum lightweight well-point dewatering method - Google Patents
Vacuum lightweight well-point dewatering method Download PDFInfo
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- CN102278142B CN102278142B CN201110113301.1A CN201110113301A CN102278142B CN 102278142 B CN102278142 B CN 102278142B CN 201110113301 A CN201110113301 A CN 201110113301A CN 102278142 B CN102278142 B CN 102278142B
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Abstract
The invention provides a vacuum lightweight well-point dewatering method, which comprises the following steps of: arranging at least one row of working face advanced vacuum dewatering pipes according to a certain annular interval within a certain angle range of working face vault; excavating an upper step, and arranging at least one row of first vacuum dewatering pipes at a certain distance under the arch foot of the upper step; and excavating an intermediate step, and arranging at least one row of first vacuum dewatering pipes at a certain distance under the arch foot of the intermediate step. The dewatering pipes are arranged according to an excavating working method adopted in tunneling, therefore the method disclosed by the invention has the advantages of simple process, convenience for construction and operation, low energy consumption, low construction cost and good dewatering effect; and the construction equipment is simple to assort, the arrangement of large-scale equipment when other dewatering methods are adopted is reduced, and the construction equipment has the advantages of simpleness in installation, strong operability and convenience for maintenance.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the utilization of a kind of vacuum lightweight well-point dewatering method in constructing tunnel.
Background technology
Along with the development of national economy, in railway construction, the Construction amount in tunnel is increasing.In domestic constructing tunnel, because tunnel is subject to the restriction of route selection condition, indivedual tunnels certainly will will pass through some hydrology, features as poor geologic condition, have virtually strengthened the difficulty of construction in tunnel.As tunnel, peach level ground, geology country rock is the 3rd to be rich water, weak cementing powder packsand, and transmission coefficient is 8.1 × 10
-4cm/s～9.26 × 10
-4cm/s, in hole, per day water yield is at 570m
3above, be designed to single hole double track tunnel, the long 3225m in tunnel, full tunnel is VI level country rock, and difficulty of construction is large, is utmost point high risky tunnel, is " domestic rare, world-famous puzzle " by state inner tunnel expert is qualitative.In whole constructing tunnel, precipitation is crucial, and the success or failure of precipitation directly affect safety for tunnel engineering quality and progress, for this kind of stratum, select rational dewatering process to seem particularly important.
In this tunnel, precipitation is the critical process of building tunnel, and the quality of this operation construction technology will directly have influence on integral layout and the economic effect of constructing tunnel, is the key of engineering construction success or failure.The form of tunnel precipitation has variously at home, and precipitation is one of technological difficulties in tunneling always, along with precipitation theoretical with the improving constantly of technical equipment, various dewatering process are applied more and more extensive in tunnel.The how optimum efficiency of guarantee precipitation, is the direction that construction is updated and studied, and the application of vacuum lightweight well-point dewatering technology in tunnel, similar successful case is less at home.
Summary of the invention
The applicant has undertaken the construction of 50.7m inclined shaft and the 505m positive hole construction of in earlier stage in tunnel, Lan Yu Railway peach level ground 4# inclined shaft constructing and leaving over.In construction for this tunnel transmission coefficient the little and large feature of day water yield, abandon in early stage construction not precipitation or locally only fallen the underground water in excavation contour line, the construction concept that does not form complete tunnel precipitation system and blindly advance rashly, and try to explore, conscientiously research, for this kind of stratum process test of many times, analyze, sum up, the theory of " the outer leading precipitation of excavation contour line " is proposed first, finally determine the application's vacuum lightweight well-point dewatering method, and include this precipitation method in daily process management, making tunnel precipitation form a system works runs well.
This vacuum lightweight well-point dewatering method utilizes vacuum principle, makes moisture and air in soil be subject to pull of vacuum effect and produce gas-vapor mix liquid, and system is upwards inhaled in moisture separator by the road.Because air ratio water is light, air is several times discharged by vacuum pump on eliminator top.Within the scope of precipitation depth, the severe of the soil body is progressively changed into saturated unit weight by original buoyant weight state, inside soil body stress changes, increase vertical additional soil pressure, soil layer is fixed gradually under the selfweight stress effect increasing, and increases soil shear strength, improves the stability of country rock.
A kind of inclined shaft vacuum lightweight well-point dewatering method is provided according to an aspect of the present invention, has comprised the following steps: within the scope of face vault certain angle, laid the leading vacuum drop water pipe of at least one row's face according to certain circumferential distance; Excavation is topped bar, and under the arch springing of topping bar, at least one vacuum drop water pipe that ranked first is installed in a distance; And step in excavation, under middle step arch springing, at least one vacuum drop water pipe that ranked first is installed in a distance.
Further, the method comprises that excavation gets out of a predicament or an embarrassing situation, and is getting out of a predicament or an embarrassing situation or inverted arch bottom surface place installs at least one vacuum drop water pipe that ranked second.
Further, the method is included in the inclined shaft lower a distance of topping bar and installs at least one leading vacuum drop water pipe of level.
Further, the leading vacuum drop water pipe of face, the first and second vacuum drop water pipes and the leading vacuum drop water pipe of level are all connected with water header, and water is discharged by water header.
Further, be arranged in the first vacuum drop water pipe under the arch springing of topping bar, be positioned at the first vacuum drop water pipe under step arch springing and be positioned at and get out of a predicament or an embarrassing situation or the longitudinal pitch of the second vacuum drop water pipe at inverted arch bottom surface place is 0.5m.
Further, the leading vacuum drop water pipe of at least one row's face is laid within the scope of 120 °, face vault, circumferential distance 0.4m, and the every leading vacuum-dewatering length of tube of face is 4m, 5 °～10 ° of outer limbs, longitudinal lap joint is not less than 1m.
Further, top bar and middle step both sides arch springing under 50cm place respectively install the first vacuum drop water pipe of row's length 4m, 60 ° of outer limbs.
Further, respectively install the second vacuum drop water pipe of row's length 5m in get out of a predicament or an embarrassing situation both sides or both sides, inverted arch bottom surface, 30 ° of outer limbs.
Further, install 3 leading vacuum drop water pipes of level (8) at the inclined shaft lower 50cm place of topping bar, the every leading vacuum-dewatering length of tube of level is 4m.
A kind of positive hole vacuum lightweight well-point dewatering method is provided according to a further aspect in the invention, has comprised the following steps: within the scope of face vault certain angle, laid the leading vacuum drop water pipe of at least one row's face according to certain circumferential distance; Excavate left and right sidewall I portion and III portion, under I portion and III portion arch springing, at least one vacuum drop water pipe that ranked first is installed in a distance; And excavate left and right sidewall II portion and IV portion, under II portion and IV portion arch springing, at least one vacuum drop water pipe that ranked first is installed in a distance.
Further, the method comprises excavation left and right sidewall V portion and VI portion, installs at least one vacuum drop water pipe that ranked second in V portion and VI portion or inverted arch bottom surface place.
Further, at least one leading vacuum drop water pipe of level installed in the method is included in the left and right sidewall in positive hole I portion and III subordinate a distance.
Further, the method is included in positive hole left and right sidewall large cross-location II portion and at least one leading vacuum drop water pipe of level installed in IV subordinate a distance.
Further, the leading vacuum drop water pipe of face, the first and second vacuum drop water pipes and the leading vacuum drop water pipe of level are all connected with water header, and water is discharged by water header.
Further, be positioned at the first vacuum drop water pipe under the first vacuum drop water pipe, the II portion that is positioned at left and right sidewall and the IV portion arch springing under I portion and the III portion arch springing of left and right sidewall and be positioned at the second vacuum drop water pipe at V portion and VI portion or the inverted arch bottom surface place of left and right sidewall) longitudinal pitch be 0.5m.
Further, between the I portion longitudinally arranging at left and right sidewall and III portion, II portion and IV portion and V portion and VI portion, separate by horizontal support device.
Further, the leading vacuum drop water pipe of at least one row's face is laid within the scope of 120 °, face vault, circumferential distance 0.4m, and the every leading vacuum-dewatering length of tube of face is 4m, 5 °～10 ° of outer limbs, longitudinal lap joint is not less than 1m.
Further, under the I of left and right sidewall portion, III portion, II portion and IV portion arch springing, 50cm place respectively installs the first vacuum drop water pipe of row's length 4m, 60 ° of outer limbs.
Further, at the V of left and right sidewall portion and VI portion place or both sides, inverted arch bottom surface respectively install the second vacuum drop water pipe of row's length 5m, 30 ° of outer limbs.
Further, install 3 leading vacuum drop water pipes of level at I portion and the III subordinate 50cm place of the left and right sidewall in positive hole, the every leading vacuum-dewatering length of tube of level is 4m.
Further, return 50cm place install 5 leading vacuum drop water pipes of level positive hole left and right sidewall large cross-location II portion and IV subordinate, the every leading vacuum-dewatering length of tube of level is 4m.
Owing to having adopted vacuum lightweight well-point dewatering method of the present invention, ensure that tunnel excavation normally carries out.Construction speed is the more than 2 times of early stage, and moderate finite deformation, cracking do not appear in preliminary bracing after performing, and safe mass is all guaranteed, and construction is thoroughly taken on a new look.The digging construction method adopting according to tunnel is arranged downcomer targetedly, has solved the difficult problem of tunnel " water ", provides basic guarantee to excavation.And this technique is simple, constructing operation is convenient; Energy consumption is low, and construction cost is low, and dewatering effect is good; Performance of mixtures is simple, has reduced installing of main equipment while adopting other precipitation engineering methods, installs simply, workable, and maintenance is convenient.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is inclined shaft downcomer artwork;
Fig. 2 is positive hole double side wall Dewatering pipe artwork;
Fig. 3 is that downcomer is laid skiagraph;
Fig. 4 is that downcomer is laid plan view;
Fig. 5 is water yield calculation diagram.
In figure: the leading vacuum drop water pipe of 1-face; 2-the first vacuum drop water pipe; 3-the second vacuum drop water pipe; 4-just props up outline line; 5-designs center line; 6-tops bar; 7-water header; The leading vacuum drop water pipe of 8-level; Step in 9-; 10-gets out of a predicament or an embarrassing situation; Tread face in 11-; 12-inverted arch bottom surface; 13-I portion; 14-II portion; 15-V portion; 16-III portion; 17-IV portion; 18-VI portion; 19-water pumper; 20-vacuum pump; 21-downcomer; 22-tube connector; 23-face
Detailed description of the invention
Below, 50.7m inclined shaft and the positive hole of the 505m construction works of leaving over of constructing the early stage in tunnel, the Lan Yu Railway peach level ground 4# inclined shaft of undertaking the construction of taking applicant is example, introduces the application's vacuum lightweight well-point dewatering method.The angle, distance, length, downcomer quantity and the selection that wherein relate to are all the actual conditions according to this concrete engineering, determine in conjunction with the general knowledge of this area.It will be recognized by those skilled in the art that these angles, distance, length, downcomer quantity and selection are not limited to situation described herein, can make suitable selection according to actual demands of engineering, to reach good dewatering effect.
Inclined shaft downcomer is laid and is specifically seen Fig. 1, and positive hole double side wall Dewatering pipe is laid and seen Fig. 2, and downcomer is laid longitudinal section and seen Fig. 3, and downcomer is laid plan view and seen Fig. 4.
Horizontal vacuum Application of light well point precipitation in hole in Fig. 1: within the scope of 120 °, face vault, lay the long leading vacuum drop water pipe 1 of face of 4m by circumferential distance 0.4m, 5 °～10 ° of outer limbs, longitudinal lap joint is not less than 1m; As met arch excavation requirement, vault downcomer spacing is turned down, is encrypted.
Vertical vacuum lightweight well-point dewatering in hole: first, excavation tops bar 6, returns h=50cm under 6 both sides arch springings and respectively installs row's length 4m first vacuum drop water pipe 2,60 ° of outer limbs topping bar.Then, step 9 in excavation returns h=50cm and respectively installs row's length 4m first vacuum drop water pipe 2,60 ° of outer limbs under middle step 9 both sides arch springings.
In order to reduce inverted arch bottom water level, can get out of a predicament or an embarrassing situation after 10 at excavation, respectively add one in get out of a predicament or an embarrassing situation 10 both sides or 12 both sides, inverted arch bottom surface and ranked second vacuum drop water pipe 3,30 ° of outer limbs, length 5m.
The longitudinal pitch that is arranged in the first vacuum drop water pipe 2 of topping bar under the arch springing of both sides, is positioned at the first vacuum drop water pipe 2 under the arch springing of step both sides and is positioned at the second vacuum drop water pipe 3 of get out of a predicament or an embarrassing situation both sides or both sides, inverted arch bottom surface is 0.5m, the first and second vacuum drop water pipes are all connected with water header 7, and water is discharged by water header 7.
In addition, can top bar and return h=50cm for 6 times and establish the leading vacuum drop water pipes 8 of the long level of 3 4m at inclined shaft.
Horizontal vacuum Application of light well point precipitation in hole in Fig. 2: within the scope of 120 °, face vault, lay the long leading vacuum drop water pipe 1 of face of 4m by circumferential distance 0.4m, 5 °～10 ° of outer limbs, longitudinal lap joint is not less than 1m; As met arch excavation requirement, vault downcomer spacing is turned down, is encrypted.
Vertical vacuum lightweight well-point dewatering in hole: first, excavate left and right sidewall I portion 13 and III portion 16, return h=50cm and install row's length 4m first vacuum drop water pipe 2,60 ° of outer limbs under I portion 13 and III portion 16 arch springings.Then, excavate left and right sidewall II portion 14 and IV portion 17, under II portion 14 and IV portion 17 arch springings, return h=50cm and install row's length 4m first vacuum drop water pipe 2,60 ° of outer limbs.
In order to reduce inverted arch bottom water level, excavate left and right sidewall V portion 15 and VI portion 18, respectively add one in V portion 15 and VI portion 18 or both sides, inverted arch bottom surface and ranked second vacuum drop water pipe 3,30 ° of outer limbs, length 5m.
Between the I portion 13 longitudinally arranging at left and right sidewall and III portion 16, II portion 14 and IV portion 17 and V portion 15 and VI portion 18, separate by horizontal support device.
The longitudinal pitch that is positioned at the first vacuum drop water pipe 2 under the first vacuum drop water pipe 2 under I, the III portion arch springing of left and right sidewall, the II that is positioned at left and right sidewall, IV portion arch springing and is positioned at the second vacuum drop water pipe 3 of V, VI portion or the both sides, inverted arch bottom surface of left and right sidewall is 0.5m, the first and second vacuum drop water pipes are connected with water header 7, and water is discharged by water header 7.
In addition, can return the each leading vacuum drop water pipe 8 of the long level of 3 4m of laying of h=50cm for 16 times in I portion 13, the III portion of the left and right sidewall in positive hole; Return the each leading vacuum drop water pipes 8 of the long level of 5 4m of laying of h=50cm for 17 times in the positive large cross-location II of hole double side wall portion 14, IV portion.
As shown in Figure 3 and Figure 4, vacuum well point system is made up of downcomer 21 (there is chimney filter pipe lower end), tube connector 22, water header 7 and pumping equipment etc., and pumping equipment can comprise water pumper 19 and vacuum pump 20.
Downcomer 21 adopts φ 32mm PP2 pipe, and water header 7 adopts φ 75mm PP2 pipe; The downcomer 21 that inserts soil layer must double-deck 100 mesh filter screens of bag.Every row's downcomer is connected with water header, and water header 7 accesses vacuum pump 20.Between downcomer and water header, adopt 32mm wired hose to connect, and add valve at connecting portion, control well casing precipitation; Water header is connected employing 75mm wired hose and connects with vacuum pump.
Introduce the construction method of utilizing this vacuum lightweight well-point dewatering method below.
One, preparation of construction
1, establishment vacuum lightweight well-point dewatering Design of Construction Organization.
2, purchasing of downcomer and water header, the processing of water header;
3, according to on-site actual situations, tunnel amount of precipitation is carried out to modeling type selecting, tentatively adopt homogeneous aquifer diving partially penetrating well water yield computation schema, calculate 570.4m
3/ d, approaches with field measurement water yield.
At present, Tunnel Seepage mainly comprises the water yield that surrounding and hole underflow enter.
Each parameter value is as follows: K-transmission coefficient (m/d), get 0.75m/d; H-tunnel dynamic water level, to aquifer bottom plate depth, is got 10m; S-Water Level in Foundation Pit drawdown, gets 10m; The R-radius of influence,
be 86.6m as calculated; H-phreatic table is high, gets 30m; R0-foundation ditch radius, gets 15m.Hm-mean depth, gets 20m; L-filter pipe effective length is got 12m;
Above parameter substitution formula calculates Q=570.41m
3/ d.
4,, according to the drainability of Tunnel Seepage and water pump, carry out the type selecting of vacuum pump and suction pump and purchase;
Vacuum pump can adopt vacuum-dewatering equipment Co., Ltd of Heze City, Shandong Province Shanghai side, and horizontal lift reaches 20m, and vertical lift reaches 2m, power 7.5kw, displacement 60m
3/ h, can meet on-the-spot precipitation requirement substantially.
5, according to the result of calculation of amount of precipitation, reasonable Arrangement downcomer and vacuum pump.
6, precipitation operating personnel is carried out to technical training.
7, special precipitation teams and groups are set, carry out the daily installation of precipitation pipeline and the maintenance of vacuum pump, and strengthen checking being connected of downcomer and vacuum pump.
Two, burying underground of well-point pipe
Well-point pipe bury available water jetting, boring method and punching method pore-forming underground, well diameter should not be greater than 300mm, hole depth should be than dark 0.5～1.0m at the bottom of chimney filter.Between well casing and hole wall, fill out and fill with closely knit even with clean medium coarse sand in time.Drop into filtrate quantity and should be greater than 85% of calculated value, within the scope of below ground 1m, use clay sealing of hole.
Three, well point is used
Should try to draw water before using in well point, confirm, after the anomalies such as nothing is leaked, gas leakage, should ensure successively to draw water.Answer dual power supply for subsequent use, with anti-power failure.The cone of depression that generally draws water after 3～5d is gradually stable.Water outlet rule is generally " first big after small, first muddy rear clear ".
In pump process, answer the time sight water yield, water level, vacuum, and should make more than vacuum pump remains on 55kPa.
Four, dewatering construction quality control standards (QCS)
Dewatering construction quality control standards (QCS) table
Five, precipitation does not meet the demands
When work plane precipitation event is poor, start to check from vacuum pump, check the sealing situation of vacuum pump, whether have and leak out, become flexible phenomenon; Check precipitation pipeline, whether have resistance, fracture phenomena to affect work plane precipitation.
Six, increase excavation mileage
Dewatering effect meets work plane needs, increases excavation mileage.By this principle, the installation of downcomer and vacuum pump remains on work plane with the increase of tunnel piercing length, can greatly improve so only Excavation Length.
Seven, precipitation achievement
While performing tunnel, peach level ground 4# inclined shaft, do not take precipitation in early stage, cause that the whole scope of operation is muddy can't bear, and face regular occur slipping collapse, perform the distortion of preliminary bracing section very large.
Adopt after vacuum lightweight well-point dewatering method, dewatering, surrounding rock stability obviously strengthens, and does not occur that face slips together to collapse.And preliminary bracing distortion is very little, all in code requirement value.
Although embodiments of the invention have been described with reference to the drawings above, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that in the situation that not departing from the scope of the invention and spirit, can make various modifications and variations to the present invention.Therefore, should be appreciated that the above embodiments are not restrictions, but the illustrating of various aspects.
Claims (8)
1. an inclined shaft vacuum lightweight well-point dewatering method, comprises the following steps:
Within the scope of face vault certain angle, lay the leading vacuum drop water pipe of at least one row's face (1) according to certain circumferential distance;
Excavation is topped bar (6), and topping bar, at least one vacuum drop water pipe (2) that ranked first is installed in a distance under (6) arch springing;
Step in excavation (9), under middle step (9) arch springing, at least one vacuum drop water pipe (2) that ranked first is installed in a distance;
Excavation is got out of a predicament or an embarrassing situation (10), is getting out of a predicament or an embarrassing situation (10) or inverted arch bottom surface (12) locate to install at least one vacuum drop water pipe (3) that ranked second; And
At least one leading vacuum drop water pipe of level (8) installed in (6) the lower a distance of topping bar at inclined shaft.
2. inclined shaft vacuum lightweight well-point dewatering method according to claim 1, the wherein leading vacuum drop water pipe of face (1), the first and second vacuum drop water pipes (2,3) and the leading vacuum drop water pipe of level (8) be all connected with water header (7), by water by water header (7) discharge.
3. inclined shaft vacuum lightweight well-point dewatering method according to claim 1, (6) lower 50cm place of wherein topping bar at inclined shaft installs 3 leading vacuum drop water pipes of level (8), and the every leading vacuum drop water pipe of level (8) length is 4m.
4.-kind of positive hole vacuum lightweight well-point dewatering method, comprises the following steps:
Within the scope of face vault certain angle, lay the leading vacuum drop water pipe of at least one row's face (1) according to certain circumferential distance;
Excavate left and right sidewall I portion (13) and III portion (16), under I portion (13) and III portion (16) arch springing, at least one vacuum drop water pipe (2) that ranked first is installed in a distance;
Excavate left and right sidewall II portion (14) and IV portion (17), under II portion (14) and IV portion (17) arch springing, at least one vacuum drop water pipe (2) that ranked first is installed in a distance;
Excavate left and right sidewall V portion (15) and VI portion (18), locate to install at least one vacuum drop water pipe (3) that ranked second in V portion (15) and VI portion (18) or inverted arch bottom surface (12); And
At least one leading vacuum drop water pipe of level (8) installed in lower a distance of I portion (13) and III portion (16) at the left and right sidewall in positive hole.
5. positive hole according to claim 4 vacuum lightweight well-point dewatering method, the method is further included in the lower a distance of the positive hole large cross-location II of left and right sidewall portion (14) and IV portion (17) and installs at least one leading vacuum drop water pipe of level (8).
6. according to the positive hole vacuum lightweight well-point dewatering method described in claim 4 or 5, the wherein leading vacuum drop water pipe of face (1), the first and second vacuum drop water pipes (2,3) and the leading vacuum drop water pipe of level (8) be all connected with water header (7), by water by water header (7) discharge.
7. positive hole according to claim 4 vacuum lightweight well-point dewatering method, wherein install 3 leading vacuum drop water pipes of level (8) at I portion (13) and III portion (16) the lower 50cm place of the left and right sidewall in positive hole, the every leading vacuum drop water pipe of level (8) length is 4m.
8. positive hole according to claim 5 vacuum lightweight well-point dewatering method, wherein under the positive left and right sidewall in hole large cross-location II portion (14) and IV portion (17), return 50cm place and install 5 leading vacuum drop water pipes of level (8), the every leading vacuum drop water pipe of level (8) length is 4m.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201110113301.1A CN102278142B (en) | 2011-05-04 | 2011-05-04 | Vacuum lightweight well-point dewatering method |
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN201110113301.1A CN102278142B (en) | 2011-05-04 | 2011-05-04 | Vacuum lightweight well-point dewatering method |
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| CN102278142B true CN102278142B (en) | 2014-08-13 |
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| 洞内降水在富水砂层浅埋暗挖隧道施工中的应用;杨勇;《市政技术》;20090710;第27卷(第4期);第382-384页 * |
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