CN102275114A - Novel spherical grinding machine tool and grinding method thereof - Google Patents
Novel spherical grinding machine tool and grinding method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN102275114A CN102275114A CN2011102505473A CN201110250547A CN102275114A CN 102275114 A CN102275114 A CN 102275114A CN 2011102505473 A CN2011102505473 A CN 2011102505473A CN 201110250547 A CN201110250547 A CN 201110250547A CN 102275114 A CN102275114 A CN 102275114A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a novel spherical grinding machine tool and a grinding method thereof. The novel spherical grinding method comprises the following steps: 1) workpiece mounting: mounting a workpiece which has a spherical processed surface on a spindle; propping against the two ends of the spindle through a headstock and a tailstock of the machine tool; driving a machine tool operating platform, the headstock and the tailstock to move left and right along Y axial direction of the machine tool by a vertical driving mechanism; locating a spherical center of the workpiece on the axis of a sand plate; starting a servo motor I of the machine tool to drive a sliding saddle to move along X axial direction of the machine tool; and covering the sand plate on the spherical processed surface of the workpiece; and 2) spherical grinding: starting a motor to drive the sand plate to speedily rotate around a X axis of the machine tool; starting a variable frequency motor to drive the spindle and the workpiece to slowly rotate around a Y axis of the machine tool under the action of a speed-reducing device; driving the operating platform, the headstock, the tailstock and the workpiece to have reciprocating rotation around a Z axis of the machine tool under the action of a rotating mechanism; and forward feeding the sliding saddle under the driving of the servo motor I.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of grinding machine and method for grinding, concrete is used for the lathe of spherical grinding and adopts this lathe to carry out the method for spherical grinding for a kind of.
Background technology
Development along with society, oil, chemical industry, iron and steel, coal dust and industries such as natural gas transport, nuclear power station are increasing to the demand of high accuracy, hard sphere face, hard seal ball valve, ball valve industry and ball valve maintenance industry have been proposed more and more higher requirement, this its sphere of class ball valve is carbide alloy surfacing or the welding of ultrasonic wave alloy, its hardness reaches about HRC63, and sealed seat surface also is hard contact, no longer is rubber contact sealing, its sealing load requires 40MPa, and soft seal is inaccessible far away.The necessary grinding of the sphere of this class ball valve, its circularity requires very high, and case hardness is high in addition, adopts traditional turning to add the processing mode of grinding, can not reach the requirement of valve, existing spherical grinding mainly contains generation method grinding spherical and two kinds of processing modes of generating grinding spherical.
1, emery disc grinding method---generation method grinding spherical
Workpiece to be processed is installed on the mandrel, and lathe frame end to end holds the mandrel two ends; Lathe frame end to end is installed on the workbench, and grinding head body (or claim grinding carriage) is installed in the rear side or the back upside of workpiece, and grinding head body is useful on the cutter of grinding, i.e. bistrique along the installed in front of main shaft external part; Bistrique is bowl-shape emery disc, many uniform being embedded on the emery disc of emery stick; Bowl-shape emery disc buckle closure on the sphere of processing work to be ground, the every sphere that the emery stick even contact is to be ground; All in same plane, the centre of sphere of workpiece is on the extended line of emery disc axial line for the axial line of emery disc and the axial line of workpiece.
During grinding, emery disc is around grinding spindle axial line high speed rotating, and stationary table is motionless, and to slowly running, along with the worker of grinding head body advances, last model becomes grinding to go out whole sphere to spheroid around the axial line folk prescription of mandrel.
Though the spherical grinding mode of generation method has having a few that the emery stick that participates in grinding is many, productivity ratio is high, easy for installation, during installation during lathe as long as effectively guarantee the grinding spindle axial line and the line coplane of frame end to end, and move horizontally workbench the centre of sphere is overlapped with the emery wheel axial line, the sphere that adopts model to become principle to guarantee that naturally grinding is come out during grinding has the circularity of degree of precision; But, adopt the emery disc bore of this spherical grinding method must be greater than or equal to sphere outside diameter to be ground, otherwise sphere can not grind fully, therefore, when the specification of ball changes slightly, emery disc just needs to change, so a machine tool need be equipped with very many emery discs, the emery disc manufacturing expense is more expensive, and this mode only is fit to produce in enormous quantities the occasion of bulb, and the small lot batch manufacture occasion can be very uneconomical.
2, wheel grinding mode---generating grinding spherical
This spherical grinding method is identical with the principle of spherical turning lathe turning sphere, but its grinding tool is a straight-type wheel, is installed in grinding carriage one side, and the periphery of emery wheel and workpiece sphere to be ground contacts; Workpiece to be processed is installed on the mandrel, and lathe frame end to end holds the mandrel two ends, and frame is installed on the workbench end to end, end to end the line of frame with mandrel coaxial and with the axis parallel coplane of straight-type wheel.
During grinding, emery wheel rotates at a high speed around its axis, workpiece around mandrel axis folk prescription to slowly running, reciprocally slowly run back and forth around another vertical centre of sphere line simultaneously, when emery wheel turns to a side of sphere, controlled mechanism controls, workpiece is turned back to opposite side, horizontally rotating back and forth and being accompanied by bistrique of going round and beginning again is that the worker of emery wheel advances, and the generate grinding goes out sphere.
Though the spheroid that the spherical grinding mode of generating can the grinding different size and need not change emery wheel; the emery wheel of a specification can any specification of grinding workpiece; the investment of grinding tool is less; but; the emery wheel that participates in grinding is that line contacts with workpiece, and has only a line, so grinding efficiency is lower; be not suitable for the large-scale production of spheroid, only be suitable for the repair industry of spheroid.
Therefore, need improve, make its demand that not only can satisfy production in enormous quantities, and the versatility of grinding tool be good, the workpiece that a kind of grinding tool of specification can grinding plurality of specifications size existing spherical grinding method.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to propose a kind of novel spherical grinding lathe and adopt this spherical grinding lathe to carry out the sphere method for processing, this spherical grinding lathe and method thereof not only can satisfy the demand of production in enormous quantities, and the versatility of grinding tool is good, the workpiece that a kind of grinding tool of specification can grinding plurality of specifications size.
To achieve these goals, the present invention has at first proposed a kind of novel spherical grinding lathe, the saddle and the saddle driving mechanism that comprise bed piece, be installed in the workbench on the bed piece and can slide along the lathe X-direction, described saddle is provided with grinding carriage, described grinding carriage is provided with emery disc towards the place ahead of workbench, the rear of grinding carriage is provided with and is used to drive the emery disc motor rotating, is inlaid with many emery sticks on the described emery disc in uniform way; The two ends of described workbench relatively are provided with the headstock and tailstock, and be installed on the headstock and the tailstock and be used for fixing the mandrel of workpiece, the described headstock is provided with variable-frequency motor and the deceleration device that is used to drive the mandrel rotation, and described workbench has and is used for workbench along the moving vertical driving mechanism of lathe y-axis shift be used for workbench around turntable mechanism that lathe Z axle back and forth rotates.
Further, described saddle driving mechanism comprises the saddle guide rail between saddle and bed piece, the servomotor I that is installed in the bed piece rear side and the servo special reduction gear I of low back clearance, ball screw under servo special reduction gear I of described low back clearance and the saddle is direct-connected, and described saddle guide rail adopts roller line slideway; Described deceleration device is for adopting the mechanical type deceleration device of worm-and-wheel gear or cycloidal planetary gear speed reducer;
Further, described turntable mechanism comprises turntable guide rail, worm-and-wheel gear, servomotor III that is positioned under the workbench and the servomotor reductor that is installed in servomotor III front side, described servomotor reductor links to each other with worm-and-wheel gear, and described turntable guide rail is a plastic-sticking guiding rail;
Further, described turntable mechanism comprises turntable guide rail, rack and pinion drive mechanism and the hydraulic drive cylinder that links to each other with this rack and pinion drive mechanism that is positioned under the workbench, and described turntable guide rail is a hydraulic pressure dynamic and static pressure guide rail;
Further, described vertical driving mechanism comprise the table slide between workbench and the turntable guide rail, be arranged on the ball screw under the workbench, the servomotor II that is installed in ball screw one end or high accuracy stepper motor and be installed in servomotor II or the high accuracy stepper motor on the servo special reduction gear II of low back clearance, the servo special reduction gear II of described low back clearance is connected with ball screw, and described table slide is a plastic-sticking guiding rail;
Further, described emery disc is bowl structure or cone-shaped structure, and described emery stick is embedded on the emery disc in uniform way along the emery disc radial direction.
The invention allows for a kind of novel spherical grinding method that adopts above-mentioned novel spherical grinding lathe, comprise the steps:
1) workpiece is installed: workpiece is installed on the described mandrel, described workpiece has spherical to be processed, the described lathe headstock and tailstock withstand the mandrel two ends, described vertical driving mechanism drives the platen and the headstock and tailstock along lathe Y direction move left and right, and the centre of sphere of workpiece is positioned on the emery disc axis; Start lathe servomotor I drive saddle and move, and make the emery disc buckle closure on to be processed at workpiece along the lathe X-direction;
2) spherical grinding: starter motor makes emery disc rotate at a high speed around the lathe X-axis, start variable-frequency motor and under the effect of deceleration device, drive mandrel and workpiece around lathe Y-axis low speed rotation, under the effect of described turntable mechanism, described workbench, the headstock, tailstock and workpiece all back and forth rotate around lathe Z axle, and saddle be subjected to driven by servomotor I march forward to.
Further, the spherical diameter of described workpiece is more than or equal to effective grinding diameter of emery disc;
Further, described workpiece equals the spherical grinding angle beta around the reciprocating anglec of rotation of lathe Z axle and deducts the emery disc mechanical angle α shared with respect to the workpiece centre of sphere;
Further, described servomotor I with workpiece around the integral multiple in reciprocating cycle of Z axle be unit and described turntable mechanism's interlock and drive saddle march forward to.
The present invention has following beneficial effect:
1, by the emery disc grinding spherical being set and being provided for the turntable mechanism of workbench around the rotation of lathe Z axle, spherical grinding method of the present invention has been inherited the advantage of generation method and generating grinding spherical, and participates in compared to generating that the emery stick of grinding is many, productivity ratio is high; When being installed, lathe should guarantee emery disc axis and mandrel axis coplane; When spherical workpieces was installed, under the effect of vertical driving mechanism, the move left and right workbench made the workpiece centre of sphere and is positioned on the emery disc axis, becomes principle just to guarantee that the ball that grinding is come out is round naturally according to model during grinding;
2, adopt spherical grinding lathe of the present invention and method, the versatility of emery disc is better, and the spheroid of grinding different size is as long as the diameter of this spheroid is more than or equal to the emery disc diameter, need not change emery wheel, the workpiece that a kind of emery disc of specification can grinding plurality of specifications size.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the novel spherical grinding lathe of the present invention embodiment;
Fig. 2 is a workpiece machining coordinate axle schematic diagram;
Fig. 3 is that workpiece is around the reciprocating angular range schematic diagram of lathe Z axle.
The specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing the specific embodiment of the present invention is elaborated.
Be illustrated in figure 1 as the structural representation of novel spherical grinding lathe embodiment of the present invention, the saddle 3 that the novel spherical grinding lathe of present embodiment comprises bed piece 1, be installed in the workbench 11 on the bed piece 1 and can slide along the lathe X-direction, saddle 3 is provided with grinding carriage 5, grinding carriage 5 is provided with emery disc 6 towards the place ahead of workbench, the rear of grinding carriage 5 is provided with and is used to drive emery disc 6 motor rotating 4, is inlaid with many emery sticks 7 on the emery disc 6 in uniform way.The two ends of workbench 11 relatively are provided with the headstock 8 and tailstock, and be installed on the headstock 8 and the tailstock and be used for fixing the mandrel 9 of workpiece 10, the headstock 8 is provided with variable-frequency motor and the deceleration device that is used to drive mandrel 9 rotations, and workbench 11 has and is used for workbench 11 along the moving vertical driving mechanism of lathe y-axis shift be used for workbench 11 around turntable mechanism 12 that lathe Z axle back and forth rotates.
Further, deceleration device is the mechanical type deceleration device, the mechanical type deceleration device can be worm and gear speed-reduction apparatus or cycloidal-pin wheel deceleration device etc., the mechanical type deceleration device is reduced to 20 the turn left right sides and then adjust the variable-frequency motor rotating speed by frequency converter with the rotating speed of variable-frequency motor, realizes that workpiece rotational frequency forwards stepless speed regulation in the tens commentaries on classics scopes to 10.
Further, the saddle driving mechanism comprises the saddle guide rail between saddle 3 and bed piece 1, the servomotor I 2 that is installed in the bed piece rear side and the servo special reduction gear I of low back clearance, the low servo special reduction gear I of back clearance is direct-connected by the ball screw under no binding axial organ and the saddle 3, and the saddle guide rail adopts roller line slideway.By being set, saddle driving mechanism and numerical control can accurately control the amount of feeding of saddle 3 to the lathe X-direction.
Further, turntable mechanism 12 can adopt following two kinds of structures: comprise the turntable guide rail that is positioned under the workbench 11, the worm-and-wheel gear that links to each other with the turntable guide rail, servomotor III and be installed in the servomotor reductor of servomotor III front side, described servomotor reductor and worm-and-wheel gear are direct-connected by no binding axial organ, the turntable guide rail adopts plastic-sticking guiding rail to have the reduction coefficient of friction, improves the effect of vibration absorption ability; Turntable mechanism 12 can also be for comprising the turntable guide rail that is positioned under the workbench 11, rack and pinion drive mechanism that links to each other with the turntable guide rail and the hydraulic drive cylinder that links to each other with this rack and pinion drive mechanism, and the described turntable guide rail under this structure is a hydraulic pressure dynamic and static pressure guide rail.Present embodiment adopts the turntable mechanism of first kind of structure, by turntable mechanism is set, can be implemented in workpiece 11 process workpiece around the reciprocating function of Z axle.
Further, vertically driving mechanism comprises the table slide between workbench 11 and turntable guide rail, be installed in the ball screw under the workbench, be installed in the servomotor II or the high accuracy stepper motor of ball screw one side, and be installed in the servo special reduction gear II of low back clearance on servomotor II or the high accuracy stepper motor, the servo special reduction gear II of described low back clearance is connected with ball screw under the workbench by no binding axial organ, table slide is a plastic-sticking guiding rail, workbench 11 guide pass adopt plastic-sticking guiding rail to have the reduction coefficient of friction, improve the effect of vibration absorption ability.Vertical travel mechanism that drives of workbench needs the accurately centering of realization spherical work-piece 10, the installation site of spherical work-piece on mandrel 9 all is uncertain each time, installing need be along Y to travelling table 11 centering after the spherical work-piece 10, so the required precision to drive unit is very high, by being set, servomotor II or high accuracy stepper motor add the low servo special reduction gear II of back clearance direct connection ball-screw, drive workbench 11, the effect of the low servo special reduction gear II of back clearance is a reinforcement, and can realize fine motion, guarantee the centering sphere center position, have only the sphere center position centering, the centre of sphere of spherical work-piece 10 is positioned on the emery disc axis, and the spherical work-piece precision that grinding is come out just can be high.
Preferably, emery disc 6 is bowl structure or cone-shaped structure, and emery stick 7 is embedded on the emery disc 6 in uniform way along emery disc 6 radial direction, adopts the emery disc of this structure can be better and the sphere even contact to be processed of workpiece, and ground effect is better.
Embodiment below in conjunction with above-mentioned novel spherical grinding lathe introduces novel spherical grinding method of the present invention, and the novel spherical grinding method of present embodiment comprises the steps:
1) workpiece is installed: workpiece 10 is installed on the mandrel 9, the mandrel 9 that is installed on the headstock 8 and the tailstock clamps workpiece 10, workpiece 10 has spherical to be processed, the lathe headstock 8 and tailstock withstand mandrel 9 two ends, the vertical driving mechanism that is positioned under the workbench 11 drives the platen 11 and the headstock 8 and tailstock along lathe Y direction move left and right, adjusts workpiece 10 its centre of sphere is positioned on the axis of emery disc 6; Start lathe servomotor I 2 drive saddles 3 and move, and make emery disc 6 buckle closures on sphere to be processed at workpiece 10 along the lathe X-direction;
2) spherical grinding: it is that the emery disc axis rotates at a high speed around the lathe X-axis that starter motor 4 makes emery disc 6, start variable-frequency motor and under the effect of deceleration device, drive mandrel 9 and workpiece 10 is mandrel 9 axis low speed rotation around the lathe Y-axis, under the effect of turntable mechanism 12, described workbench 11, the headstock 8, tailstock and workpiece 10 all back and forth rotate around lathe Z axle, and saddle driven by servomotor I to march forward to.
By emery disc 6 grinding sphericals being set and being provided for the turntable mechanism 12 of workbench 11 around the rotation of lathe Z axle, spherical grinding method of the present invention has been inherited the advantage of generation method and generating grinding spherical, and high with respect to emery stick more than 11, the productivity ratio of generating participation grinding; When being installed, lathe should guarantee emery disc 6 axis and mandrel 9 axis coplanes; When spherical workpieces 10 was installed, under the effect of vertical driving mechanism, move left and right workbench 9 made workpiece 8 centre ofs sphere and is positioned on emery disc 6 axis, becomes principle just to guarantee that the ball that grinding is come out is round naturally according to model during grinding; Compared to generation method, adopt spherical grinding apparatus and method of the present invention, the versatility of emery disc 6 is better, the spheroid of grinding different size, as long as the diameter of this spheroid is more than or equal to emery disc 6 diameters, need not change emery wheel, the workpiece that a kind of emery disc of specification can grinding plurality of specifications size has been saved operating cost.
Further, the spherical diameter of workpiece 10 is more than or equal to effective grinding diameter of emery disc 6, and promptly the diameter of workpiece 10 spheres is more than or equal to the maximum gauge at emery disc Pan Kou place; Workpiece 10 is that the reciprocating anglec of rotation of axial line of turntable 12 equals the spherical grinding angle and deducts the emery disc mechanical angle α shared with respect to the workpiece centre of sphere around lathe Z axle.Turntable 12 total rotational angles are grinding angle=β-α, as shown in Figure 3, can effectively prevent emery disc 6 and mandrel 9 interference.When the spherical diameter of workpiece 10 equaled the effective grinding diameter of emery disc 6, all no longer around the rotation of lathe Z axle, directly processing and utilization generation method principle just can process needed sphere for workbench 11, the headstock 8, tailstock and workpiece 10.
Further, servomotor I 2 with workpiece around the integral multiple in reciprocating cycle of Z axle be unit and described turntable mechanism's interlock and drive saddle march forward to, improve the spherical grinding precision by the interlock cocoa.
Explanation is at last, above embodiment is only unrestricted in order to technical scheme of the present invention to be described, although the present invention is had been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiment, those of ordinary skill in the art is to be understood that, can make amendment or be equal to replacement technical scheme of the present invention, and not breaking away from the aim and the scope of technical solution of the present invention, it all should be encompassed in the middle of the claim scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. novel spherical grinding lathe, the saddle and the saddle driving mechanism that comprise bed piece, be installed in the workbench on the bed piece and can slide along the lathe X-direction, it is characterized in that: described saddle is provided with grinding carriage, described grinding carriage is provided with emery disc towards the place ahead of workbench, the rear of grinding carriage is provided with and is used to drive the emery disc motor rotating, is inlaid with many emery sticks on the described emery disc in uniform way; The two ends of described workbench relatively are provided with the headstock and tailstock, and be installed on the headstock and the tailstock and be used for fixing the mandrel of workpiece, the described headstock is provided with variable-frequency motor and the deceleration device that is used to drive the mandrel rotation, and described workbench has and is used for workbench along the moving vertical driving mechanism of lathe y-axis shift be used for workbench around turntable mechanism that lathe Z axle back and forth rotates.
2. novel spherical grinding lathe according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described saddle driving mechanism comprises the saddle guide rail between saddle and bed piece, the servomotor I that is installed in the bed piece rear side and the servo special reduction gear I of low back clearance, ball screw under servo special reduction gear I of described low back clearance and the saddle is direct-connected, and described saddle guide rail adopts roller line slideway; Described deceleration device is for adopting the mechanical type deceleration device of worm-and-wheel gear or cycloidal planetary gear speed reducer.
3. novel spherical grinding lathe according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described turntable mechanism comprises turntable guide rail, worm-and-wheel gear, servomotor III that is positioned under the workbench and the servomotor reductor that is installed in servomotor III front side, described servomotor reductor links to each other with worm-and-wheel gear, and described turntable guide rail is a plastic-sticking guiding rail.
4. novel spherical grinding lathe according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described turntable mechanism comprises turntable guide rail, rack and pinion drive mechanism and the hydraulic drive cylinder that links to each other with this rack and pinion drive mechanism that is positioned under the workbench, and described turntable guide rail is a hydraulic pressure dynamic and static pressure guide rail.
5. according to claim 3 or 4 described novel spherical grinding lathes, it is characterized in that: described vertical driving mechanism comprise table slide and be arranged on the ball screw under the workbench, the servomotor II that is installed in ball screw one end or high accuracy stepper motor and be installed in the servomotor II or the high accuracy stepper motor on the servo special reduction gear II of low back clearance, the servo special reduction gear II of described low back clearance is connected with ball screw, and described table slide is a plastic-sticking guiding rail.
6. novel spherical grinding lathe according to claim 5 is characterized in that: described emery disc is bowl structure or cone-shaped structure, and described emery stick is embedded on the emery disc in uniform way along the emery disc radial direction.
7. a novel spherical grinding method that adopts each described novel spherical grinding lathe of claim 1-6 is characterized in that: comprise the steps:
1) workpiece is installed: workpiece is installed on the described mandrel, described workpiece has spherical to be processed, the described lathe headstock and tailstock withstand the mandrel two ends, described vertical driving mechanism drives the platen and the headstock and tailstock along lathe Y direction move left and right, and the centre of sphere of workpiece is positioned on the emery disc axis; Start lathe servomotor I drive saddle and move, and make the emery disc buckle closure on to be processed at workpiece along the lathe X-direction;
2) spherical grinding: starter motor makes emery disc rotate at a high speed around the lathe X-axis, start variable-frequency motor and under the effect of deceleration device, drive mandrel and workpiece around lathe Y-axis low speed rotation, under the effect of described turntable mechanism, described workbench, the headstock, tailstock and workpiece all back and forth rotate around lathe Z axle, and saddle driven by servomotor I to march forward to.
8. novel spherical grinding method according to claim 7 is characterized in that: the spherical diameter of described workpiece is more than or equal to effective grinding diameter of emery disc.
9. novel spherical grinding method according to claim 7 is characterized in that: described workpiece equals the spherical grinding angle beta around the reciprocating anglec of rotation of lathe Z axle and deducts the emery disc mechanical angle α shared with respect to the workpiece centre of sphere.
10. according to each described novel spherical grinding method of claim 7-9, it is characterized in that: described servomotor I with workpiece around the integral multiple in reciprocating cycle of Z axle be unit and described turntable mechanism's interlock and drive saddle march forward to.
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| CN106624818A (en) * | 2016-12-08 | 2017-05-10 | 成都成化机械制造有限公司 | Four-station numerically-controlled machine tool for milling and grinding ball valve and processing method |
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| CN111070025A (en) * | 2020-01-02 | 2020-04-28 | 储威 | Grinding machine tool for processing inner spherical surface |
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