CN102271865B - Electric hand-held power tool - Google Patents
Electric hand-held power tool Download PDFInfo
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- CN102271865B CN102271865B CN200980153937.XA CN200980153937A CN102271865B CN 102271865 B CN102271865 B CN 102271865B CN 200980153937 A CN200980153937 A CN 200980153937A CN 102271865 B CN102271865 B CN 102271865B
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B1/00—Processes of grinding or polishing; Use of auxiliary equipment in connection with such processes
- B24B1/04—Processes of grinding or polishing; Use of auxiliary equipment in connection with such processes subjecting the grinding or polishing tools, the abrading or polishing medium or work to vibration, e.g. grinding with ultrasonic frequency
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B23/00—Portable grinding machines, e.g. hand-guided; Accessories therefor
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Apparatuses For Generation Of Mechanical Vibrations (AREA)
- General Electrical Machinery Utilizing Piezoelectricity, Electrostriction Or Magnetostriction (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of electric hand-held power tool (10), comprising: with hand the housing of region (40) (20); Tools area (50), for can by the instrument (60) driven point-blank and/or quiveringly; The operating parts (30) of case side, for being activated instrument (60) and/or electric tools (10) by user; Be arranged on the driver element (80) in housing (20), for generation of the working motion of instrument (60); Be arranged on the electronic unit (200) in housing (20), for giving driver element (80) at least Loading Control and/or conditioning signal; For providing the operating voltage unit (90) of DC voltage; Wherein, driver element (80) comprises at least one excitation actuator (100) of volume with excitation active material, described excitation actuator is powered by operating voltage unit (90) at work, is controlled or regulate by electronic unit (200).Suggestion, described electronic unit (200) is configured to for making at least one excitation actuator (100) described work with resonant frequency (f_res).
Description
Background technology
The present invention is from a kind of electric hand-held power tool, and this electric tools comprises: have hand the housing in region; Tools area, for can by the instrument that drives of straight line and/or whirling vibration ground; The operating parts of case side, for activating instrument and/or electric tools by user; Driver element is in the housing set, for generation of the working motion of instrument; Electronic unit is in the housing set, for loading the working power comprising and at least controlling and/or needed for conditioning signal to driver element; For providing the operating voltage unit of DC voltage to electronic unit, wherein, driver element comprises at least one excitation actuator of volume with excitation active material, and this excitation actuator is operationally powered by operating voltage unit, controlled by electronic unit or regulate.
The salient point of electric hand-held power tool is, it be can carry and gripped in hand by operator at work and guide.They can without cable via battery pack or use electrical network current work.Particularly this electric hand-held power tool only comprises a housing usually, and this housing is gripped by user completely.
In EP1598171B1, describe a kind of mechanical realization of plumb joint of the welding rifle that can carry, wherein ultrasonic actuator loads mechanical output to plumb joint.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is from a kind of electric hand-held power tool, and this electric tools comprises: have hand the housing in region; Tools area, for can by the instrument that drives of straight line and/or whirling vibration ground; The operating parts of case side, for activating instrument and/or electric tools by user; Driver element is in the housing set, moves for generation of tool work; Electronic unit is in the housing set, for loading the working power comprising and at least controlling and/or needed for conditioning signal to driver element; For providing the operating voltage unit of DC voltage to electronic unit, wherein, driver element comprises at least one excitation actuator of volume with excitation active material, and this excitation actuator is operationally powered by operating voltage unit, controlled by electronic unit or regulate.
Suggestion, described electronic unit is configured to for making at least one excitation actuator described with resonant frequency.
If excitation actuator with its resonant frequency, then can export high machine output power according to electric input power when the quality of vibrational system is enough high.Encourage actuator can be ultrasonic exciting actuator, particularly with the piezo-activator of ten thousand bright vibrator structure modes.Piezo-activator has piezoelectric as excitation active material.Typically, the quality of the vibrational system be not buffered be higher than 100 value, typically higher than 500 value.The resonator system with resonant frequency of excitation actuator comprises the ten thousand bright vibrators with piezoelectric active material and the parts be coupled on a shaker, particularly enhancing ultrasonic wave and/or ultrasonic wave is delivered to the parts of machining location.Such parts such as amplifier or sonotrode known.This can realize the reduction of physical dimension and provide compact utensil.Therefore, advantageously create that a kind of ability to work is high, compact, electric tools easily simultaneously.
Also can be provided with multiple excitation actuator, such as there is identical resonance frequency or also there is different resonant frequency excitation actuator as driver part.Or also can be provided with one or more other driver part, as motor.Different driver parts can alternately or in combination work.If at least one excitation actuator described is with resonance manner work, then power income is high especially, and make the frame mode when the given power output of electric tools can be compact especially, this contributes to cosily handling electric hand-held power tool.The electric tools advised is the utensil of one, wherein can eliminate the interfering stube cable between the housing parts separated.Electric tools can wirelessly by battery or battery-operated, or also can additionally or in conversion use power network current via power grid cables work.Instrument can be insertion tool, and this insertion tool is releasably connected with excitation actuator, or can be fixedly connected with excitation actuator.This connection can be such as the sealed or force closure of material.The processing machine that electric tools is particularly such, utilizes this processing machine to process or changes object or surface, such as rig, hammer drill, cutting tool, milling drum, Milling Machine, saw, welding apparatus and analog.
According to a kind of favourable improvement project of the present invention, electronic unit can comprise the regulon with frequency matching device, in order to follow the tracks of the resonant frequency of at least one excitation actuator described.When such as due to variations in temperature, be coupled and encouraging the replacing of the instrument on actuator or to when encouraging the resonant frequency of actuator to change when tool loads lotus, can the advantageously match resonant frequencies continuously when electric tools works.Therefore, the power income optimized can be realized at work all the time.Electronic unit can advantageously comprise phase adjusted chain, utilizes this phase adjusted chain can encourage resonant frequency with high precision.Therefore, can by input to piezoelectric active material to regulate in order to the phase shift between the electric current that encourages ultrasonic wave to vibrate and voltage and remain to a fixing value, phase difference particularly between current signal and voltage signal is 0 °, therefore can realize the power income optimized.
According to a kind of favourable improvement project of the present invention, the volume of piezoelectric active material can be at least 0.2cm
3, preferred 0.5cm
3, particularly at least 1cm
3.Advantageously, enough ultrasonic powers can be realized in the physical dimension hour of excitation actuator.
According to a kind of favourable improvement project of the present invention, it is at least 5 watts/cm that at least one excitation actuator described can have relative to the volume of the piezoelectric active material of at least one excitation actuator described
3, be preferably at least 20 watts/cm
3power density.Corresponding high power density for have size little as far as possible and low manufacturing cost, compact electric hand-held power tool is favourable.
According to a kind of favourable improvement project, at least one excitation actuator described has the amplitude at least 3 μm, preferably at least 8 μm, particularly at least 12 μm at tool tip.To the good power transimission on workpiece and therefore corresponding high amplitude is for being favourable for the high work feed by electric tools.
According to a kind of favourable improvement project of the present invention, at the input side of electronic unit, can be at least 20 watts for the electrical power loaded at least one excitation actuator described.Therefore can advantageously guarantee for the enough power of electric tools.Common power in handicraftsman field, for small-sized cutting system such as 20 watts to 250 watts, preferably 50 watt to 150 watts between.For the higher application of power, such as drilling, need the power from 50 watts to 1000 watts, preferably 200 watt to 500 watts.In the handicraftsman field of specialty, for mini-system power demand about 50 watts to 400 watts, preferably between 100 to 250 watts.In large scale system, use 200 watts to 2000 watts, the preferred power of 400 watts to 1000 watts.However, can create a kind of electric tools with light size, this electric tools can be enclosed by the handbag of processor or grip on the one hand, provides on the other hand for the enough power of processing.
According to a kind of favourable improvement project of the present invention, the maximum excitation electric-field intensity (relative to the thickness of piezoelectric active material, particularly disc thickness) of at least one excitation actuator described can lower than in the scope in the scope of 300V/mm, preferably between 50V/mm to 220V/mm.When encouraging the disc thickness of actuator typically to be 1mm to 10mm, preferred 2mm to 6mm, particularly about 5mm, voltage is lower than 1000 volts.This advantageously allows has enough machine output power and is using excitation actuator in the advantageously little electric hand-held power tool of size.
According to a kind of favourable improvement project of the present invention, when utilizing electrochemical energy accumulator to supply the output voltage of operating voltage unit within 3 volts to 100 volts DC, preferably in the scope of 3.5 volts to 40 volts, particularly 36 volts, 24 volts, 18 volts, 14.4 volts, 12 volts, 10.6 volts, 7.2 volts and 3.6 volts.Advantageously, the batteries that enough little and light battery pack maybe can recharge can be used, still to guarantee the good operability of electric tools when high power output.
According to a kind of favourable improvement project of the present invention, the DC voltage share of the output voltage of operating voltage unit can at 0.5U when supplying with line voltage
electrical network(virtual value of line voltage) is to 2U
electricity netwithin.Preference is as used in the bridge rectifier situation with smmothing capacitor as 1.4U
electrical network.In another embodiment, line voltage can transform to by the transformer of input side the voltage be applicable to for operating voltage unit.
According to a kind of favourable improvement project of the present invention, the operating frequency of at least one excitation actuator described can in the scope between 10kHz to 1000kHz, between 30kHz to 50kHz, particularly between 35kHz to 45kHz, particularly preferably about 40kHz.Along with the rising of frequency, the physical dimension of parts reduces and the mechanical load of vibrational system increases, and obtains dimensional conditions favourable in the frequency range selected when the power output of electric tools is high and weight is favourable.
According to a kind of favourable improvement project of the present invention, the electrochemical energy accumulator that operating voltage unit can comprise electrochemical energy accumulator, preferably can repeatedly charge.Operating voltage unit has only very little space requirement, and this compactedness for electric tools and weight are favourable.Such as based on lithium ion (Li-Ion) or also have nickel-metal mixture (NiMeH), nickel-cadmium (NiCd) or also have system that is plumbous and analog to be favourable.They can be in the housing integrated regularly and recharge via charging connector.Selectively, operating voltage unit can be configured to replacing system, comprises removable electrochemical energy accumulator, these accumulators also can be if desired can outside repeatedly charge and to insert in housing or on the accommodation section for this reason arranged in.According to power requirement, the rated voltage of operating voltage unit can such as between 3 volts to 48 volts, be such as 12 volts of direct currents.
According to a kind of favourable improvement project of the present invention, operating voltage unit can comprise AC/DC converting unit.Also can be provided with the electrical network joint for electric tools in this case, and rectification can be carried out with level and smooth to line voltage in operating voltage unit.Although prepare line voltage to need the space larger than accumulator, the further joint space-efficient in a unique housing and compact structure can also realize operation to the simplification of electric tools and manipulation.
According to a kind of favourable improvement project of the present invention, electronic unit can concentrate on a printed circuit board (PCB).This special joint space-efficient that can realize in the housing is arranged.The electronic-controlled installation of excitation actuator is compact especially.
According to a kind of favourable improvement project of the present invention, in order to carry out signal filtering and inductive compensation at least one excitation actuator described, can be provided with at least one inductance in the loop of power circuit of electronic unit, described loop of power circuit loads electrical power at least one excitation actuator described.The joint space-efficient structure of power inductance can realize in a unique coil core.Favourable in excitation actuator, the signal filtering of piezo-activator and inductive compensation can directly be provided via the leakage inductance set targetedly of this transmission transformer just needed or be provided by the inductance be wound in same coil core.The additional coil core with other inductance can be saved thus in power circuit.
According to a kind of favourable improvement project of the present invention, at least driver element, electronic unit and operating voltage unit can distribute in the housing like this, make mass cg be positioned at hand the region of part.Operator can reliably and cosily operate electric tools.Reliability and operation comfort improve.
According to a kind of favourable improvement project of the present invention, except at least one excitation actuator described, described driver element can comprise at least one other driver part.Advantageously can be superposed with the working motion of the instrument driven by least one other driver part described by least one excitation actuator (generation) motion described, can obviously improve work feed thus and make processing transfiguration easy.
According to a kind of favourable improvement project of the present invention, at least one excitation actuator described can form the main energy consumer of electric tools, and preferably the electric input power of at least 50% can be arranged for this main energy consumer.In a kind of favourable improvement project, at least 75%, preferably at least 80% of electric input power can be arranged for encouraging actuator.The work feed of electric tools when using ultrasonic wave is large especially, thus another energy consumer, particularly another driver part, such as drill bit, chisel, cutting knife or analog can be designed to less.Therefore, drive unit and affiliated electronic unit and power supply device also can be less, and this allows again the operation comfort of the improvement of electric hand-held power tool and the manipulation of improvement.
According to a kind of favourable improvement project of the present invention, one or more working display can be provided with for the state of activation of at least one excitation actuator described.At this, display can realize with vision and/or the sense of hearing and/or tactile manner.The functional reliability of electric tools is improved, because when clearly can identify excitation actuator is to activate and can output mechanical power.
According to a kind of favourable improvement project of the present invention, the driver element applying working motion to instrument can apply superpositing vibration to instrument.Driver element can have such as electric drive motor as other driver part, and this electric drive motor is contained in the housing of electric tools.Motor drive shaft usually via gear unit with formed tool holder and the instrument axle of implementation campaign be coupled.Instrument can removably be fixed on instrument axle usually.
Electric tools can such as cutting ground processing work, and wherein in order to reduce chip size, be advantageously provided excitation actuator in electric tools, this excitation actuator can produce superpositing vibration in the tool.Described superpositing vibration superposes with the working motion of instrument.
According to electric tools type and according to used instrument and the workpiece material that will process, be not be derived from CD-ROM drive motor but be derived to encourage the superpositing vibration of actuator can produce with such frequency, this frequency causes significantly reducing chip size.Because less chip also has less thermal capacity, so chip can be cooled within the shorter time period, thus reduce danger of combustion.In addition, less chip also causes the risk of injury lowered, because the pulse stemming from described chip is less.
Therefore the frequency of superpositing vibration such as can be at least 20kHz aptly in ultrasonic wave range.This higher frequency has such advantage on the one hand, and the vibration namely in this order of magnitude no longer can be heard for people, thus does not produce noise load.Show on the other hand, the vibration from this order of magnitude is effective especially for the size significantly reducing the chip produced when processing work.
Suitable can be produce the superpositing vibration in the significantly higher order of magnitude.Consider in principle until vibration in megahertz range.In addition the superpositing vibration with lower frequency can also be produced.
Due to be superimposed on the one hand instrument working motion and due to usually significantly higher frequency, the generation of superpositing vibration is on working motion and thus do not affect the result of processing work.In addition, superpositing vibration only has very little amplitude usually, thus does not hinder the processing to workpiece.
Generation superpositing vibration favourable in the tool not only can be applied at the rotary of instrument but also at parallel-moving type or when mixedly rotating the working motion of parallel-moving type.According to one advantageously embodiment, electric tools is configured to apparatus of manual operation, is such as configured to angle grinding machine, and this electric tools has and is bearing in grinding disc on instrument axle as instrument, and wherein movement of tool is pure rotational motion in this case.But also consider translational motion, such as, in the reciprocating saw of linear reciprocating motion implementing vibration.
According to a kind of favourable embodiment, superpositing vibration can be energized perpendicular to the plane of movement of instrument, in this plane of movement, working motion occurs.Such as, in grinding disc superpositing vibration along carrying grinding disc instrument axle direction apply.And in parallel-moving type working motion, superpositing vibration carries out perpendicular to translational motion.
But alternatively suitable embodiment also possible that, and superpositing vibration is at plane of movement underexcitation instrument.This means when grinding disc, grinding disc is encouraged by perpendicular to instrument axle, thus the vector of excitation is positioned at the plane of movement of grinding disc.
In addition, suitable can be that the superpositing vibration being derived from excitation actuator can be applied on a bearing of instrument, wherein vibrates and also propagates on instrument via this bearing.When multiple bearing, this preferably realizes via the bearing of near tools, to avoid because superpositing vibration is to the load of gear unit and CD-ROM drive motor.
Can use heteroid active regulating part as excitation actuator, described regulating part is energized by input energy produces vibration.Can specify according to a kind of favourable embodiment, excitation actuator is configured to the ten thousand bright vibrators of the piezoelectric element with clamping, and described piezoelectric element changes it and expands by applying voltage.By the voltage-drop loading of corresponding high frequency, piezoelectric element can the desired frequency inflation of superpositing vibration and contraction, wherein encourage actuator and one parts in the power transfer chain of driver element in other words between CD-ROM drive motor and instrument to be coupled, thus the vibration of excitation actuator can be propagated until in instrument.As described above, this excitation preferably realizes via a bearing of the instrument axle of carrying tool.Alternatively embodiment regulation, excitation actuator is configured to reluctance type excitation actuator, and this is particularly suitable for producing ultrasonic wave vibration.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Other advantage is drawn by accompanying drawing below.Embodiments of the invention shown in the drawings.Accompanying drawing, description and claims comprise a lot of Feature Combination.Technical staff meets destination and also considers these features individually and be combined into other combination significant.
Illustrate in figure:
Fig. 1 illustrates that electric hand-held power tool is as the embodiment of in the configuration of cutting appliance;
Fig. 2 illustrates that electric hand-held power tool is as another embodiment in the configuration of drilling tool;
Fig. 3 a, 3b illustrate the control principle drawing utilizing the alternating voltage of power network current to supply or utilize the DC voltage of battery pack to supply, and (Fig. 3 is a) with for the favourable timing (Fig. 3 b) of the physical dimension that reduces filter cell;
Fig. 4 illustrates the trend of ultrasonic amplitude along sonotrode;
Fig. 5 illustrates the impedance characteristic curve for proving the resonant frequency encouraging actuator;
Fig. 6 illustrates the equivalent circuit diagram of ideal transformer;
Fig. 7 illustrates the sectional view of the electric tools of the electricity being configured to angle grinding machine;
Fig. 8 illustrates the independent view of the grinding disc on the instrument that the is arranged on axle of the angle grinding machine in Fig. 7, wherein instrument axle hold within the bearing and the bearing of near tools by one excitation lateral actuator load dither in instrument axle;
Fig. 9 illustrates the top view with the grinding disc of bearing and excitation actuator in Fig. 8; And
Figure 10 illustrates another embodiment, and wherein, the instrument axle of excitation actuator to carrying grinding disc longitudinally loads dither along axle.
Detailed description of the invention
In these figures, identical or similar parts mark with identical Reference numeral.
In order to set forth the present invention, Fig. 1 and 2 illustrates the different instances of electric hand-held power tool 10.Fig. 1 illustrates a cutting appliance with the hull shape of extending; Fig. 2 illustrates the drilling tool with T-shaped hull shape.
Electric hand-held power tool 10 comprises with hand the housing 20 in region 40.Operator at hand region 40 gripping electric tools 10 and electric tools 10 can being guided.Hand can utilize a unshowned buffer element relative to other shell area decoupling zero in region 40 if desired.Electric tools 10 also comprises tools area 50, for can by the instrument 60, such as cutting knife (Fig. 1) or the drill bit (Fig. 2) that drive point-blank and/or quiveringly or other the instrument according to other utensil types.
The operating parts 30 of case side is for being activated instrument 60 and/or electric tools 10 by user.Operating parts 30 can be such as switch or adjuster or also comprise multiple executive component, and such as one in these executive components can arrange for connecting electric tools 10, and one can be arranged for connecting and/or adjustment means 60.
Be provided with driver element 80 within the casing 20, this driver element only comprises a driver part according to the example of Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, and this driver part is formed by an excitation actuator 100.This excitation actuator can be configured to bright ten thousand vibrators (also referred to as piezo-activator) of piezoelectric excitation, these ten thousand bright vibrators comprise the volume of piezoelectric active material 102, such as piezoelectric ceramic plate, these piezoelectric ceramic plates are pressed together and perform length when being loaded voltage and change.When loading high frequency voltage, produce ultrasonic wave in known manner, this ultrasonic wave is conducted to instrument 60 via a coupling element 106.Coupling element 106 can be known sonotrode itself.The resonant frequency of the length of coupling element 106 and shape and material decision excitation actuator 100.Instrument 60 also can affect resonant frequency.In embodiment in fig. 1 and 2, excitation actuator 100 is configured so that ten thousand bright vibrators and coupling element 106 combine in a unit, and the total length of this unit roughly corresponds to half wavelength lambda/2 of ultrasonic wave vibration.Other embodiment can specify, the parts that excitation actuator 100 is λ/2 by multiple length form.This can be: vibration machine (known as converter), ten thousand particularly such as bright vibrators; As the amplitude conversion part 104 that amplifier is known; Possible extension device; And as the known coupling element 106 of sonotrode.
Be arranged on electronic unit 200 in housing 20 at least to control and/or conditioning signal and to excitation actuator 100 service voltage for loading to driver element 80.Operating voltage unit 90 is configured to the battery pack of battery or the batteries with rechargeable battery 92 here, for providing DC voltage for electronic unit 200, operating voltage is converted to the voltage signal of high frequency by this electronic unit, utilizes this voltage signal in a desired manner excitation actuator 100 to be energized to vibration.
Electronic unit 200 is configured at least one excitation actuator 100 described is worked with resonant frequency f_res.At this, electronic unit 200 comprises the regulon 224 of the resonant frequency f_res for following the tracks of excitation actuator 100.Regulon 224 can comprise phase adjusted chain, and excitation actuator 100 can be activated to its resonant frequency by this phase adjusted chain, and the phase shift wherein between the electric current and the voltage of feed-in of feed-in is adjusted to 0 °.Preferably, when resonant frequency due on instrument be heated or load transfer and change time, resonant frequency f_res is regulated again.Also can carry out frequency-tracking in this wise in conversion, that is, be adjusted to the maximum of the electric current in feed-in excitation actuator 100.
If excitation actuator 100 is piezo-activators, then piezoelectric active material 102, the volume of piezoceramic disk that such as overlies one another are advantageously at least 0.2cm
3, preferred 0.5cm
3, particularly at least 1cm
3.It is at least 5 watts/cm that excitation actuator 100 can have relative to the volume of the piezoelectric active material 102 of excitation actuator 100
3, be preferably at least 20 watts/cm
3power density.This power density can realize the application had at instrument 60 in the electric hand-held power tool 10 of enough power stages.
Signal device 122 (Fig. 2) can be utilized to show by the activation activating actuator 30 pairs of instruments 60.
In FIG, electronic unit 200 is economical space saving integrated in especially on a unique printed circuit board (PCB) 210.In fig. 2, electronic unit is divided into two printed circuit board (PCB)s 212,214, and wherein, printed circuit board (PCB) is arranged in a critical piece of T-shaped housing 20 and printed circuit board (PCB) is arranged on the hand stretched out transverse to critical piece of T-shaped housing 20 in part.Driver element 80, electronic unit 200 and operating voltage unit 90 advantageously distribute within the casing 20 like this, make mass cg be positioned at hand the region of part 40.
Fig. 3 a illustrates the schematic diagram of drive unit of excitation actuator 100, and the form of this excitation actuator is such as piezo-activator 100, comprise from supply network alternating voltage feedway or there is the DC voltage feedway of battery pack.
Such as with the alternating current of 220 volts to electronic unit 200 mains supply time, be provided with ac voltage rectifier and the construction package 94 making alternating voltage level and smooth.Electronic unit 200 comprises signal generating unit 222, in this power generator of DC voltage feed-in and this power generator via corresponding filter cell 226 be coupled excitation actuator 100 on.Regulon 224 provides conditioning signal for encouraging actuator 100.In the scope that the operating frequency of excitation actuator 100 is between 10kHz to 1000kHz, preferably between 30kHz to 50kHz, particularly between 35kHz to 45kHz, particularly preferably in about about 40kHz.
If power supply is realized by battery or battery 92 by operating voltage unit 90, then space requirement can reduce, because can save for rectification and level and smooth construction package 94.The output voltage of operating voltage unit 90 preferably under 100 volts, be about 36 volts or 10.8 volts.
Preferably, the maximum excitation electric-field intensity (relative to thickness of piezoelectric active material, particularly disc thickness) in the scope being less than 300V/mm of at least one excitation actuator described, in the scope preferably between 50V/mm to 220V/mm.Typically being 1mm to 10mm when encouraging the disc thickness of actuator 100, being preferably 2mm to 6mm, particularly about 5mm, voltage is lower than 1000 volts.
In one embodiment, signal generating unit 222 can be formed with known full-bridge topology itself by 4 MOSFET semiconductors.In another arrangement, the generation of working signal also can be realized by a half-bridge (known equally) such as had for the mid point capacitor to the filtering of DC part.
Fig. 3 b illustrates a kind of possibility, little as far as possible for the physical dimension of filter cell 226 being designed to.For this reason, power cell 222 also can be controlled by regulon 224 like this, makes it by such as sine-delta modulation instead of simple rectangular signal to produce the rectangular voltage of similar sine.According to the height of timing (Taktung) that is the common quantity forming sinusoidal each individual pulse, obviously can reduce the content of undesirable harmonic frequency, this causes the less design of filter cell 226.For this reason, the rectangular pulse quantity of every sinusoidal signal cycle time be greater than 6, preferably in the scope of 6 to 100, particularly in the scope of 10 to 26.In one embodiment, the quantity of rectangular pulse and width can be conditioned unit 224 and such as also change during operation when load changes.
Fig. 4 illustrates that ultrasonic amplitude is along the change curve of excitation actuator 100 being configured to piezo-activator.Coupling element 106 is configured to sonotrode.The region adjacent with piezoelectric 102 of excitation actuator 100 is referred to as converter together with piezoceramic disk 102.Piezoelectric 102 is vibrated by the high-frequency ac voltage excitation of feed-in, and these vibrations are delivered in coupling element 106 via converter.In as shown in FIG. 4 three grades of formula structures of excitation actuator 100, this excitation actuator additionally comprises the amplifier 104 for match amplitude.Mean value along the size M extending longitudinally of excitation actuator 100, the amplitude A mp of energized vibration increases.The change of the vibrational system resonant frequency f_res at work of excitation actuator 100 (comprising the instrument be coupled if desired) is preferably balanced, such as utilize and to have mentioned phase adjusted chain above or utilized feed-in to encourage the maximum of the electric current in actuator 100 to regulate, utilize described phase adjusted chain the phase shift between the voltage in order to excitation actuator 100 in this excitation actuator of feed-in and the electric current of feed-in to be adjusted to zero (phase place-zero-regulate).
The excitation actuator that Fig. 5 is formed while one piezoelectricity is shown, the impedance characteristic curve with resonant frequency f_res and f_res2.Indicatrix A illustrates the function of curve as frequency f of impedance Imp, this impedance when resonant frequency f_res through impedance minimum and at resonant frequency f_res2 through impedance maximum.Frequency f _ res is called series resonance, and frequency f _ res2 is called parallel resonance.
Curve B illustrates the trend of the phase shift between electric current and voltage, and this phase shift has friendship zero when resonant frequency and ° to change to+90 ° on resonant frequency f_res from-90 under resonant frequency f_res.Through parallel resonance f_res2, phase shift ° to change to-90 ° on resonant frequency from+90 under resonant frequency.
In order to carry out signal filtering and inductive compensation at least one excitation actuator 100 described, can be provided with at least one inductance in the loop of power circuit of electronic unit, this loop of power circuit is set up and loads electrical power at least one excitation actuator 100 described.Power inductance can be implemented together with transmitting the joint space-efficient structure of transformer in a unique coil core.Favourable signal filtering and the inductive compensation in excitation actuator 100 of piezo-activator can directly provide via the leakage inductance set targetedly of this just transmission transformer of needs or given by the inductance be wound up in same coil core.The additional coil core with other inductance can be saved thus in loop of power circuit.
For this reason, Fig. 6 illustrates the equivalent circuit diagram with desirable transformer in order to set forth.Inductance M is used for carrying out real transmission from primary side to primary side.Produce leakage inductance, because winding is coupled till the ass ascends the ladder ideally.L1 and L2 forms the part in magnetic field, and this part " can not be caught " by secondary coil.L1 and L2 can regard as hollow coil in electric.
Comprise a housing 20 as the electric tools 10 shown in the grinding machine of angle in the figure 7, this housing is by a motor shell 22 and on the other hand housing 24 is formed, and wherein between motor shell 22 and hand are housing 24, is provided with a buffer element 26.Electric tools 10 is held on housing 24 at hand, and this hand forms hand region 40 housing.In motor shell 22, hold driver element 80, this driver element is with the driver part being configured to electric drive motor 82, and this driver part is coupled via gear unit 62 and instrument axle 64 and drives this instrument axle.Instrument axle 64 is the supports of the instrument 60 being configured to grinding disc, and this grinding disc is removably fixed on instrument axle 64.
In fig. 8, instrument axle 64 and formation fixed thereon are that the instrument 60 of grinding disc illustrates with single view.The instrument axle 64 with longitudinal axis L can be bearing in bearing 70 and 72 rotationally, and the spaced distance ground of these bearings is arranged within the casing 20.On the side opposite with grinding disc, instrument axle 64 is provided with bevel gear 74, instrument axle 64 is electrically driven motor 82 via this bevel gear and drives.
In order to reduce in the size with the chip produced when being configured to instrument 60 processing work of grinding disc, the instrument 60 being configured to grinding disc also carries out dither except its working motion rotated.Relate to the superpositing vibration superposed with the working motion of the instrument 60 being configured to grinding disc here.Described superpositing vibration produces by excitation actuator 100, and this excitation actuator to be arranged on equally in the housing 10 of electric hand-held power tool 10 as the other driver part of driver element 80 and superpositing vibration made by the instrument 60 that excitation is directly or indirectly configured to grinding disc.According in the embodiment of Fig. 8, the bearing 70 of the tool side of excitation actuator 100 pairs of instrument axles 64 loads and produces the superpositing vibration that the longitudinal axis L perpendicular to instrument axle 64 points to.The described superpositing vibration pointed to perpendicular to longitudinal axis L to be also delivered to via instrument axle 64 and to be configured on the instrument 60 of grinding disc, and thus this instrument implements superpositing vibration perpendicular to longitudinal axis L ground equally in its plane of movement.
Also excitation actuator 100 can be positioned at other positions in principle, such as, away from a position on the bearing 72 of instrument, directly on instrument axle 64 or on the instrument 60 being configured to grinding disc, to load superpositing vibration to it.
Different active regulating parts can be used as excitation actuator 100.The regulating part that preferred use is such, this regulating part produces in ultrasonic wave range, particularly in the frequency range of at least 20kHz dither, wherein also consider if desired in comparatively high amts level, particularly until frequency in megahertz range or also consider less frequency.
Such as use piezoelectric element as excitation actuator 100, the length of this piezoelectric element changes by applying voltage.Because piezoelectric element is very rapidly made a response to voltage change, so produce corresponding length variations rapidly by applying high-frequency electrical pressure energy in excitation actuator, this length variations is to the instrument 60 generation effect being such as configured to grinding disc here.
Excitation actuator 100 also can be configured to reluctance type excitation actuator, wherein can change resistance by applying external magnetic field.
In the embodiment according to Fig. 8 and 9, along the direction of arrow 110 perpendicular to instrument axle 64 or the instrument 60 that is configured to grinding disc longitudinal axis L produce superpositing vibration.On the direction of the longitudinal axis L of instrument axle 64 and instrument 60 and therefore and according in the embodiment of Figure 10, encourage by realizing perpendicular to the superpositing vibration of plane of movement of the instrument 60 being configured to grinding disc according to the direction of arrow 110.Produce superpositing vibration excitation actuator 100 or directly to instrument axle 64 or one or two bearings 70 or 72 or directly in axial direction load superpositing vibration to instrument 60.
Claims (40)
1. electric hand-held power tool (10), comprising:
With hand the housing of region (40) (20);
Tools area (50), for can by the instrument (60) driven point-blank and/or quiveringly;
The operating parts (30) of case side, for being activated described instrument (60) and/or described electric tools (10) by user;
Be arranged on the driver element (80) in described housing (20), for generation of the working motion of described instrument (60);
Being arranged on the electronic unit (200) in described housing (20), at least controlling and/or conditioning signal for loading described driver element (80);
Be arranged on the operating voltage unit (90) for providing DC voltage in described housing (20);
Wherein, described driver element (80) comprises at least one excitation actuator (100) of volume with excitation active material, described excitation actuator is powered by described operating voltage unit (90) at work, controlled by described electronic unit (200) or regulate
It is characterized in that, described electronic unit (200) is configured to for making at least one excitation actuator (100) described work with resonant frequency (f_res), described excitation active material is piezoelectric type, and wherein the volume of this piezoelectric is at least 0.2cm
3, it is at least 5 watts/cm that at least one excitation actuator (100) described has relative to the volume of the piezoelectric active material (102) of at least one excitation actuator described
3power density, wherein, described electronic unit (200) comprises the regulon (224) with frequency matching device, in order to follow the tracks of the resonant frequency (f_res) of at least one excitation actuator (100) described, described regulon (224) controls the signal generating unit (222) of described electronic unit (200) like this, this signal generating unit (222) is made to produce the rectangular voltage of a similar sine by sine-delta modulation, wherein, the rectangular pulse quantity of every sinusoidal signal cycle time is greater than 6.
2. electric hand-held power tool according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the volume of described piezoelectric is at least 0.5cm
3.
3. electric hand-held power tool according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that, it is at least 20 watts/cm that at least one excitation actuator (100) described has relative to the volume of the piezoelectric active material (102) of at least one excitation actuator (100) described
3power density.
4. electric hand-held power tool according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that, at least one excitation actuator described has the amplitude being at least 3 μm at tool tip.
5. electric hand-held power tool according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that, at the input side of described electronic unit (200), is at least 20 watts for the electrical power loaded at least one excitation actuator (100) described.
6. electric hand-held power tool according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that, the disc thickness of described excitation actuator typically is 1mm to 10mm.
7. electric hand-held power tool according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that, the input field intensity of at least one excitation actuator (100) described is in the scope of 300V/mm relative to the thickness of described piezoelectric active material.
8. electric hand-held power tool according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that, the input voltage of at least one excitation actuator (100) described is in the scope lower than 1000 volts.
9. electric hand-held power tool according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that, the output voltage of described operating voltage unit (90) is lower than 100 volts.
10. electric hand-held power tool according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that, the output voltage of described operating voltage unit (90) is higher than 100 volts.
11. electric hand-held power tools according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that, the operating frequency of at least one excitation actuator (100) described is in the scope between 10kHz to 1000kHz.
12. electric hand-held power tools according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that, described operating voltage unit (90) comprises electrochemical energy accumulator (92).
13. electric hand-held power tools according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that, described operating voltage unit (90) comprises rectifier (94).
14. electric hand-held power tools according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that, described electronic unit (200) concentrates on a printed circuit board (PCB) (210).
15. electric hand-held power tools according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that, in order to carry out signal filtering and/or inductive compensation at least one excitation actuator (100) described, in a loop of power circuit of described electronic unit (200), be provided with at least one inductance, described loop of power circuit loads electrical power at least one excitation actuator (100) described.
16. electric hand-held power tools according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that, at least driver element (80), electronic unit (200) and operating voltage unit (90) are distributed in described housing (20) like this, make mass cg be positioned at hand the region of part (40).
17. electric hand-held power tools according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that, except at least one excitation actuator (100) described, described driver element (80) comprises at least one other driver part.
18. electric hand-held power tools according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that, at least one excitation actuator (100) described forms the main energy consumer of described electric tools (10).
19. electric hand-held power tools according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that, working display (120,122) that is that state of activation at least one excitation actuator (100) described is provided with one or more vision and/or the sense of hearing and/or sense of touch.
20. electric hand-held power tools according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that, are provided with workspace lighting device.
21. electric hand-held power tools according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that, described excitation actuator (100) is arranged for the superpositing vibration producing in described instrument (60) and superpose with the working motion of described instrument (60).
22. electric hand-held power tools according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that, described instrument (60) can be supported rotationally and the working motion of described instrument (60) is rotary motion.
23. electric hand-held power tools according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that, described instrument (60) is grinding disc.
24. electric hand-held power tools according to claim 21, is characterized in that, described instrument (60) is encouraged at least one direction in following direction to described superpositing vibration:
The direction vertical with the plane of movement of described instrument (60), the working motion of described instrument (60) occurs in this plane of movement;
On the direction of the longitudinal axis (L) of the instrument axle (64) of the described instrument of carrying (60);
In described plane of movement, the working motion of described instrument (60) occurs in described plane of movement; And/or
Perpendicular to the direction of described instrument axle (64).
25. electric hand-held power tools according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that, described excitation actuator (100) acts on a bearing (70,72) of described instrument (60).
26. electric hand-held power tools according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that, the excitation active material (104) of described excitation actuator (100) is reluctance type.
27. electric hand-held power tools according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the rectangular pulse quantity of every sinusoidal signal cycle time is in the scope of 10 to 100.
28. electric hand-held power tools according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the rectangular pulse quantity of every sinusoidal signal cycle time is in the scope of 10 to 26.
29. electric hand-held power tools according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the volume of described piezoelectric is at least 1cm
3.
30. electric hand-held power tools according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that, at least one excitation actuator described has the amplitude of at least 8 μm at tool tip.
31. electric hand-held power tools according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that, at least one excitation actuator described has the amplitude of at least 12 μm at tool tip.
32. electric hand-held power tools according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that, the disc thickness of described excitation actuator is 2mm to 6mm.
33. electric hand-held power tools according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that, the disc thickness of described excitation actuator is about 5mm.
34. electric hand-held power tools according to claim 7, is characterized in that, described thickness is disc thickness.
35. electric hand-held power tools according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that, the input field intensity of at least one excitation actuator (100) described is in the scope between 50V/mm to 220V/mm relative to the thickness of described piezoelectric active material.
36. electric hand-held power tools according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that, the input voltage of at least one excitation actuator (100) described is in the scope of 300 volts to 700 volts.
37. electric hand-held power tools according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that, the operating frequency of at least one excitation actuator (100) described is in the scope between 30kHz to 50kHz.
38. electric hand-held power tools according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that, the operating frequency of at least one excitation actuator (100) described is in the scope between 35kHz to 45kHz.
39. electric hand-held power tools according to claim 12, is characterized in that, described electrochemical energy accumulator is the electrochemical energy accumulator (92) that can repeatedly charge.
40. electric hand-held power tools according to claim 18, is characterized in that, the electric input power of at least 50% is arranged for this main energy consumer.
Applications Claiming Priority (5)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102009000030.5 | 2009-01-05 | ||
| DE102009000030 | 2009-01-05 | ||
| DE102009027688A DE102009027688A1 (en) | 2009-01-05 | 2009-07-14 | Hand held power tool |
| DE102009027688.2 | 2009-07-14 | ||
| PCT/EP2009/067375 WO2010076230A1 (en) | 2009-01-05 | 2009-12-17 | Handheld electric machine tool |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN102271865A CN102271865A (en) | 2011-12-07 |
| CN102271865B true CN102271865B (en) | 2015-11-25 |
Family
ID=42234752
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN200980153937.XA Expired - Fee Related CN102271865B (en) | 2009-01-05 | 2009-12-17 | Electric hand-held power tool |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20120045976A1 (en) |
| EP (2) | EP2384259B1 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN102271865B (en) |
| DE (1) | DE102009027688A1 (en) |
| RU (1) | RU2011132474A (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2010076230A1 (en) |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP2644320A1 (en) | 2013-10-02 |
| WO2010076230A1 (en) | 2010-07-08 |
| US20120045976A1 (en) | 2012-02-23 |
| DE102009027688A1 (en) | 2010-07-08 |
| CN102271865A (en) | 2011-12-07 |
| RU2011132474A (en) | 2013-02-10 |
| EP2384259B1 (en) | 2013-06-26 |
| EP2384259A1 (en) | 2011-11-09 |
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