CN102271582B - 用于测量动脉血样的至少一个参数的设备 - Google Patents

用于测量动脉血样的至少一个参数的设备 Download PDF

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CN102271582B
CN102271582B CN201080004823.1A CN201080004823A CN102271582B CN 102271582 B CN102271582 B CN 102271582B CN 201080004823 A CN201080004823 A CN 201080004823A CN 102271582 B CN102271582 B CN 102271582B
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Abstract

本发明涉及用于测量动脉血样的至少一个参数的设备，包括流通传感器(2)，具有与所述流通传感器(2)的测量室(7)的入口和出口侧(5，6)连接的标准化连接部件(3，4)，所述测量室(7)具有至少一个可与血样接触的光化学传感器部件(8)。连接器(9)可移动的放置在流通传感器(2)上，且包括至少一个用于刺激光化学传感器部件(8)的光源(10)和至少一个用于接收光化学传感器(8)的测量辐射的光探测器(11)。电子模块(12)具有连接到连接器(9)的电连接线(13)，并与所述至少一个光源(10)和至少一个光探测器(11)相联系，所述流通传感器(2)经由位于入口侧的连接部件(3)可与动脉导管(1)的标准化连接件(14)连接，经由位于出口侧的连接件(4)可与动脉输液器(16)的标准化连接件(15)连接。

Description

用于测量动脉血样的至少一个参数的设备
本发明涉及用于测量动脉血样的至少一个参数的设备。
为了例如在加护病房中采取血样，当已向病人提供动脉输液系统时，可利用输液器中的抽吸活塞将血手动地抽吸出来并用单向注射器经由输液器的隔膜抽取出来。接着在外部血液气体分析器中分析该血样，或在将该血样转移到试管中之后送到实验室中分析。经由隔膜抽取呈现出对病人和员工的损伤或感染的特定风险，且传送到外部血液气体分析器或送到实验室可能会遭受由于错误标签或混淆样本引起的错误。
在本文中，已知直接在病人处测量特定血液参数。美国专利4,989,606 A公开了血管内的血液气体测量系统，其中与病人的血管系统联通的试管直接地与传感单元连接。该传感单元包括带有荧光传感器的流通传感器，例如用于测量O2和CO2浓度和血液PH的传感器。在流通传感器的出口侧设置有与含肝素化盐水的加压袋相连的管。与加压袋连接的管设置有可调节的滴水阀和手动致动的冲洗阀。
美国专利No.4,989,606 A的流通式传感器容纳于发射器单元中，该发射器单元含有用于血样的恒温设备和数个光导，其提供用于光传感器的激发辐射并发射所测量的辐射。安装在病人手臂上的整个传感器单元重且体积大，在使用中经常引起刺激。另外，该测量系统不能集成到传统的输液器中。
在EP 0 994 669 B1中，已知一种用于测量血液参数的系统，在手术中其可用在体外循环系统(心—肺机器)中。该系统包括带有接收血样的腔室的流通盒子(cartridge)，该盒子含有至少一个光学传感器。进一步配备了用于该盒子的可释放连接的装置，其含有用于刺激传感器的光源和用于接收由传感器发射的光的光探测器，以及至少一个与该光探测器连接的信号转换器。该信号转换器提供了数字输出信号，其根据至少一个光探测器探测到的光的量而改变。在美国专利No.4,989,606中的缺点在此处也暴露出来，即，该设备体积大且不能集成到传统的输液器中。
最后，从美国专利No.4,830,013 A已知一种血管内的血液参数测量系统，其包括导管单元，在其远端设置有用于测量血液气体(O2-和CO2-浓度、pH值)的光学传感器，每个传感器位于一光导的尖端(tip)。
本发明的目的是提出用于测量动脉血样的至少一个参数的设备，其体积小且可容易地用于传统的动脉输液系统。
根据本发明，通过提出带有以下组件的装置来实现该目的：
-流通传感器，标准化连接件安装在所述流通传感器的测量室的入口和出口侧，所述测量室含有至少一个光化学传感器部件，其可与血样接触，
-连接器，可拆卸地插在所述流通传感器上，含有至少一个用于刺激所述光化学传感器部件的光源，和至少一个用于接收所述光化学传感器部件的测量辐射的光探测器，
-电子模块，其带有引到所述连接器的电导线，并和所述至少一个光源和所述至少一个光探测器相联系，
其中所述流通传感器可经由在入口侧的其连接件接头连接到动脉导管的标准化接头，并可经由在出口侧的其连接件接头连接到动脉输液器的标准化接头。
根据本发明的设备可优选地集成到临床工作程序中，因为该测量系统的应用只需松开位于动脉导管和动脉输液器之间的标准化连接，并插入本发明的系统。向连接器中的光源和光探测器提供电源的电子模块经由柔性电导线连接到评估与显示单元，但还可提供由无线连接，避免至评估与显示单元的线连接的必须。该流通传感器与连接器一起可装在病人的手臂上，该电子模块也可装在手臂上或集成在该评估与显示单元中。
在本发明的一个有利变型中，优选地可在该流通传感器的测量室中设置光学测量部件，其一旦接触到血样就发送开始信号以启动参数测量。
本发明将参看附图进行更详细的描述。图中
图1是根据现有技术的含有导管和输液器的动脉输液系统；
图2是根据本发明测量动脉血样的至少一个参数的设备的实施例，其集成在诸如图1所示的动脉输液系统中；
图3和图4示出如图2所示的根据本发明的设备的不同细节；和在
图5中示出如图2所示的本发明的设备的优选变型。
用于采集血样做血液分析的现有技术的动脉输液系统，具有动脉导管1和可直接插在该导管上的动脉输液器16。在该输液器的出口侧有加压袋20(示意画出)含有例如肝素化冲洗溶液。
为实现血液分析，必须采集血样，其需要过程的如下步骤：
1.关闭位于加压袋20和抽吸活塞22之间的停止阀门21。
2.经由输液器16的抽吸活塞22手动地抽吸出血样。
3.关闭位于抽吸活塞22和用于血液抽出的隔膜24之间的停止阀门23。
4.经由隔膜24利用单向注射器(未示出)抽取出动脉血样。(缺点：病人和员工有感染的风险、伤害的风险)。
5.血样在外部分析器中测量，或被转送到试管里并送到实验室中供分析。(缺点：增加了操作、污染的风险)。
6.打开停止阀门23，用抽吸活塞22将所抽吸出来的动脉血重新注入到动脉中。
7.清洗隔膜24。
8.打开停止阀门21并经由冲洗阀门26清洗动脉管。
输液器的手动可调节的滴管阀门被称为25。动脉导管1和输液器16配有标准化的接头14、15，例如Luer适配器，藉此，组件1和16以已知的方式连接从而实现液密或气密。
与上述对比，根据本发明的测量系统如图2所示，具有重要的优点，因为可以利用通过流通传感器2直接地在病人处实现测量所需的血液参数，该流通传感器2插入在动脉输液系统的标准组件之间，即动脉导管1和输液器16之间。
根据本发明的该设备的流通传感器2具有标准化连接部件3和4，例如Luer适配器，其连接流通传感器2的测量室7的入口和出口侧5、6。在测量室7中有定位的光化学传感器部件8，其可与血样接触；在图2中仅示意地示出了一个这样的传感器部件。
该设备还进一步配备有连接器9，其可拆卸地插在流通传感器2上并配有至少一个用于刺激光化学传感器部件8的光源10和一个用于接收由传感器部件8发射的测量辐射的光探测器11。该测量系统可低成本地操作，因为当该设备将要用于新的测量过程时，可以仅更换该流通传感器。
如图3进一步所示，连接器9经由电线13连接到电子模块12，其作为光源10(如，LED)的电源供应并还传递光探测器11的信号(如，光电二极管)。流通传感器2经由位于入口侧的连接部件3连接动脉导管1的标准化接头14，经由位于出口端的连接部件4连接动脉输液器16的标准化接头15。因此以简单的方式通过打开Luer连接可将整个测量系统插入如图1所示的商业可得到的动脉系统。
电子模块12建立了与连接器9中的光源10和光电二极管11的联系，且电子模块12经由电线17或无线连接与评估与显示单元18通信。如图4示意所示，还可直接地将电子模块12集成在评估与显示单元18’中。连接器9配有夹具27，其以稳定的方式夹牢该流通传感器，从而以适当对齐的固定来夹持光学部件。
在图5中所示的本发明的设备的变型中，在位于流通传感器2入口侧的连接部件3和测量室7之间适当地配备有一根柔性管19，其缓解了动脉导管1上的机械负载。还可在位于出口侧的连接部件4与测量室7之间提供这种类型的机械缓解。
根据本发明的一个变型，可在该流通传感器2的测量室7中配备优选为光学的测量部件，其一旦接触到血样就产生开始信号以启动参数测量。这个设备还将快速地探测到错误地进入采样系统的血，并将在评估与显示单元18、18’处启动相应的光的或声的警告信号，如果需要的话，还初始化导管的冲洗。
将本发明的设备用于血液分析只需要以下步骤：
1.关闭位于加压袋20和抽吸活塞22之间的停止阀门21。
2.利用动脉输液器16的抽吸活塞22进行血样的手动抽吸。随后，可由光学血探测设备来自动初始化测量。
3.等待评估与显示单元18或18’的确认信号(声的或光的)，其表明测量已经完成。
4.利用抽吸活塞22将血样重新注入。
5.利用冲洗阀门26冲洗动脉管。
还可能利用自动系统在预定时间段安排测量，用自动致动的活塞或蠕动泵(未在图中示出)来实现将血样抽吸到流通传感器2的测量元件7中。
根据本发明，流通传感器2的测量室7附加地可配备有用于温度测量的传感器。优选地，测量仅在血样已经达到静止之后才开始。因此测量的自动开始可与温度的测量相关。例如从所测量的温度梯度变化可确定血样的流速或停顿。所涉及的原理是一旦所抽吸的血液移动，温度会上升。当测量室中的血液停止移动，温度将会开始下降。因此可以较好地确定与控制测量的优化开始点，这将改善测量准确度。
优选地，还为流通传感器2的测量元件7配备至少一个传感器用于测量以下组中的参数：O2、CO2、pH、钠、钾、葡萄糖、乳酸盐和温度。
根据本发明的该测量系统的重大优点在于：
-本测量系统可简单地利用标准化接头(如，Luer连接件)集成到商业地可获得的带有动脉导管和动脉输液器的系统中去。
-因此本发明的设备可用于任何传统的抽血系统。
-可继续使用动脉导管用于所有其他需要的应用中。
-对于病人或员工没有感染的风险。
-该测量没有消耗任何血液。
-在分析过程中没有混淆血样的危险。

Claims (10)

1.一种用于测量动脉血样本的至少一个参数的设备，其特征在于：
-带有标准化连接部件(3，4)的一次性流通传感器(2)，所述流通传感器(2)包括被配置成接收血样的测量室(7)，所述标准化连接部件(3，4)连接所述流通传感器(2)的测量室(7)的入口和出口侧(5，6)，所述测量室(7)含有至少一个光化学传感器部件，其可与血样接触，所述流通传感器(2)经由其入口侧的连接部件(3)可与动脉导管(1)的标准化接头(14)连接，经由其出口侧的连接件(4)可与动脉输液器(16)的标准化接头(15)连接，
-可重用的连接器(9)，可拆卸地插在所述流通传感器(2)外部，包括至少一个用于刺激所述光化学传感器部件(8)的光源(10)和至少一个用于接收所述光化学传感器部件(8)的测量辐射的光探测器(11)，以及
-电子模块(12)，包括连接到连接器(9)的电连接线(13)，所述电子模块与所述至少一个光源(10)和至少一个光探测器(11)相联系。
2.根据权利要求1所述的设备，其特征在于，所述电子模块(12)配备有和评估与显示单元(18)相连的电子连接线(17)或无线连接。
3.根据权利要求1所述的设备，其特征在于，所述电子模块(12)集成在评估与显示单元(18’)中。
4.根据权利要求1-3中任一项所述的设备，其特征在于，在所述流通传感器(2)入口侧的连接部件(3)和/或出口侧的连接部件(4)与所述测量室(7)之间配备有一根柔性管(19)，以将动脉导管(1)从机械负载中缓解出来。
5.根据权利要求1所述的设备，其特征在于，所述连接器(9)带有夹具(27)，该夹具以机械地稳定的方式夹牢所述流通传感器(2)。
6.根据权利要求1所述的设备，其特征在于，在所述流通传感器(2)的测量室(7)中配备有光学测量部件，其一旦接触到血样会发送开始信号来启动参数测量。
7.根据权利要求1所述的设备，其特征在于，利用动脉输液器(16)的手动致动的抽吸活塞(22)来实现将血样抽吸到所述流通传感器(2)的测量室(7)中。
8.根据权利要求1所述的设备，其特征在于，通过自动致动的活塞或蠕动泵来实现将血样抽吸到所述流通传感器(2)的测量室(7)中。
9.根据权利要求1所述的设备，其特征在于，所述流通传感器(2)的测量室(7)附加地配备有用于温度测量的传感器。
10.根据权利要求1所述的设备，其特征在于，所述流通传感器(2)的测量室(7)配备有至少一个传感器用于测量以下组中的参数：O2、CO2、pH、钠、钾、葡萄糖、乳酸盐和温度。
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