CN102271374A - Rapid switching method of TD-LTE (Time-division Duplex Long Term Evolution) communication system based on destination cell pre-load - Google Patents
Rapid switching method of TD-LTE (Time-division Duplex Long Term Evolution) communication system based on destination cell pre-load Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Aiming at demands on frequent cell switching, short switching time and high switching success rate of a high-speed railway, the invention provides a rapid switching method of a TD-LTE (Time-division Duplex Long Term Evolution) communication system based on destination cell pre-load. According to the operation position, the speed and the direction of a train, after network planning is finished, a neighbor cell list is pre-generated, and a switching position, namely longitude and latitude position information, of each switching band is preset; before the train does not enter an overlapped switching area of two cells and the train is away from the switching band at a distance of a certain value L, a source base station eNodeB (Evolved Node B) judges according to a measurement report of UE (User Equipment) and sends pre-load information to a destination base station eNodeB; the destination base station eNodeB loads resources of an EPS (Evolved Packet System) according to the received pre-load information; when the train enters the switching band, if the train meets a switching rule, the train switches from a source cell to a destination cell. In this way, by using the method disclosed by the invention, switching time delay is reduced and switching success rate is increased. According to the invention, the switching method can be adjusted dynamically according to movement speed of the UE, so that the rapid switching problem in a high-speed movement environment is solved, communication dropped call time is reduced, switching success rate is increased, quality of service of a high-speed wideband mobile service is reinforced, development of a multimedia wideband mobile internetworking service in a high-speed railway train is provided, and increasing demands on mobile communication services of passengers are met.
Description
Technical field:
The present invention is directed to high-speed railway time division duplex Long Term Evolution (Time-Division Duplex Long Term Evolution, TDD-LTE or TD-LTE) sub-district of communication system switches frequent, switching time is short, the requirement that handover success rate is high proposes a kind of based target sub-district fast switch over method of the TD-LTE communication system of carrying in advance.This method can be applicable to TD-LTE, Frequency Division Duplexing (FDD) Long Term Evolution (Frequency-Division Duplex Long Term Evolution, FDD-LTE or the FD-LTE) fast switching method of communication system under the high ferro environment.
Background technology:
Usually, the handoff procedure in the LTE system is divided into following three steps:
1. handover measurement (comprise measure filtering, algorithm triggers measurement report);
2. switch decision (handoff algorithms);
3. switch and carry out;
Handover measurement is by user terminal (User Equipment, UE) and the LTE base station, be called evolved Node B (Evolved Node B, eNodeB) finish, switch decision carries out in base station eNodeB, (Mobility Management entity MME) finishes under the common cooperation at user terminal UE, base station eNodeB and mobile management entity to switch execution.Dispose for high-speed railway TD-LTE networking, what adopt at present is the identical networking scheme, i.e. the center frequency point of neighbor cell employing is identical.LTE system same frequency switch decision event criteria adopts the A3 incident, promptly the adjacent cell quality when measurement is higher than the Serving cell quality, and difference surpasses certain thresholding, one section triggered time (Trigger to Time of this state continuance, TTT) after, user terminal UE reports the A3 event report to network side, after network side is received this report, carry out switch decision, after adjudicating successfully switching command is carried out in adjacent sub-district, because synchronization has a plurality of adjacent sub-districts and satisfies the A3 event report simultaneously, therefore, can comprise the adjacent area that a plurality of cell quality meet switching condition simultaneously in the A3 report.Networking adopts this decision rule can satisfy the demand of system fully for macrocellular at present.
When train speed per hour reaches 350 kilometers/hour, 10 kilometers base station spacing, the time interval of switching between the base station was reduced to 100 seconds, had caused frequently passing through of sub-district.Because translational speed improves certainly will lifting receiver threshold level.Be to guarantee reliable transmission and certain efficiency of transmission, all need generally speaking by dwindling the base station spacing, improving and cover field intensity and solved.But this is not unique method, the lifting degree of threshold level under if can effectively suppressing at a high speed, maintain 6～10 kilometers existing base station spacing as far as possible, by laying Remote Radio Unit (Radio Remote Unit, RRU) will at utmost effectively utilize existing resource, reduce a large amount of engineering inputs, and be beneficial to maintenance.But to the resource management of base station, switching time and quality propose higher requirement.
But then, high-speed railway train car ground broadband communication link has himself characteristic:
Because the railway line strip distributes,, the distribution of base station covers characteristics so being different from the plane of general cellular communication.Thereby the predictability that causes base station distribution, can predicting of train operation circuit, train position can be predicted, but train passes through the time of sub-district can be predicted etc. many to the helpful pre-known information of system design, these information can be used for improving the performance of system, reduce the complexity of system design and operation.And can help to reduce the complexity of some algorithms, obtain spectrum efficiency and the transmission quality under equal conditions higher, improve the flatness that switch the sub-district than general cellular communication.
Another factor that influences the high-speed railway covering is quick switching.Suppose that the switch area size is constant, the high more time of passing through the switch area of translational speed is short more so.Enough fast when user terminal UE translational speed, to such an extent as to pass through the minimal time delay of the time of switch area less than the system handles switching, then switching flow can't be finished, and causes call drop.
Because the particularity of high-speed railway channel circumstance and networking mode, above-mentioned A3 switch decision criterion can't adapt to the high-speed railway environment, because train is run at high speed, switching time is shorter; In addition, factors such as complicated landform and high-speed railway periphery electric equipment also can cause bigger influence to channel circumstance, adopt A3 switch decision criterion can cause the frequent failure of switching, handover success rate reduces, communication quality descends, customer experience is relatively poor, therefore must consider to adopt the decision rule that adapts to the high-speed railway environment.
Improving handover switching performance can consider from following 3 aspects:
(1) network planning aspect by adopting rational wireless coverage scheme, reduces train whole service process handover total degree, guarantees to switch the length of band and rationally is provided with Zone switched.
(2) network optimization aspect by adjusting the parameter setting and improving the wireless coverage environment, reduces table tennis and switches the phenomenon generation, reduces and switches cutting off rate, ensures to switch and finishes smoothly.
(3) in the selection of handoff algorithm, select efficient, quick handoff algorithm.
Summary of the invention:
Content of the present invention is to support the requirement of the quick switching of high-speed railway TD-LTE communication system, and the switch decision algorithm that proposes the pre-carrying in a kind of based target sub-district solves a kind of method of switching fast between neighbor cell.
Following is explanation to algorithm among the present invention:
According to the train operation position, speed and direction, after the network planning is finished, generate a adjacent cell list in advance, and pre-set each switching band switching position, it is the longitude and latitude positional information, before train does not enter switching overlapping region, two sub-districts, distance enters when switching the band distance for a certain numerical value L, source base station eNodeB judges according to the measurement report of user terminal UE and sends pre-beared information to target BS eNodeB, target BS eNodeB according to behind the pre-beared information that receives to evolved packet system (Evolved Packet System, EPS) resource is carried, after train enters the switching band, if train satisfies switching criterion, train will switch to Target cell from the cell-of-origin.Therefore, the method has reduced handover delay, helps improving handover success rate.
1. enforcement is based on the precondition of the quick handoff algorithms of the TD-LTE communication system of geographical location information
1) (Global Positioning System, GPS): this algorithm needs user terminal UE train position and velocity information can be reported source base station eNodeB to train installation global positioning system.
Statistics is measured in place when 2) train being carried in advance, obtains the pre-carrying reference point of an estimation.This point is repeatedly to measure the assembly average that train triggers position when carrying in advance, and the ground point selection of pre-carrying will satisfy pre-load bearing process time delay T
Pre-bearerBe less than user terminal UE and move to the switching time T that belt edge spent from the position of triggering pre-load bearing process
0,, before entering the switching band, there is not time enough to finish pre-load bearing process to guarantee user terminal; Statistics for pre-carrying place need be carried out often, carries reference point in advance and also wants regular update.
2. based on the basic conception of the quick handoff algorithms of TD-LTE of geographical location information
1) carry reference point in advance: based on the coordinate points that a large amount of measurement statisticses draw, this point is repeatedly to measure the assembly average that train triggers position when carrying in advance.
2) speed threshold:, otherwise carry out according to normal changeover program if train running speed is higher than this speed threshold then starts this algorithm.
3. specific implementation process is as follows:
1) method is specified in the application target sub-district, and shielding is in the sub-district at train operation rear, and source base station eNodeB only contains unique information of adjacent cells by system message in the cell information table of user terminal UE broadcasting, i.e. the target BS eNodeB of train operation ahead.
2) revise the measurement report content: in the measurement report that user terminal UE reports except comprising the measurement result of source base station eNodeB and the relevant receptivity of target BS eNodeB, Reference Signal Received Power (Reference Signal Receiving Power, RSRP) and the signal strength signal intensity that receives indication (Received Signal Strength Indication, the position and the velocity information that also will comprise RSSI) in addition, user terminal UE.Positional information comprises cell identification number, promptly the evolved universal terrestrial radio access network cell global identity (E-UTRAN Cell Global Identifier, ECGI) and the longitude and latitude position coordinates (x, y).
3) revise the interior cell list of base station eNodeB
This cell list has 4 attributes, is respectively:
A) Cell Identity CI ECGI (E-UTRAN Cell Global Identifier, evolved universal terrestrial radio access network cell global identity) arranges smoothly by the position of sub-district.
B) carry the reference point locations coordinate in advance, there is 1 pre-carrying reference point certain sub-district near the adjacent sub-district of back.
C) base station eNodeB under indicates the home base station eNodeB of certain sub-district.
D) MME/S-GW under indicates the ownership MME/S-GW of certain sub-district.
4) source base station eNodeB extracts position and the velocity information in the measurement report, and promptly (x, y) with speed S, S and speed threshold compare for ECGI, coordinate.If S 〉=speed threshold, decision starts quick handoff algorithms; If S＜speed threshold then uses conventional handoff algorithms.
5) if use quick handoff algorithms, when moving, user terminal UE arrives coordinate (x, y) time, user terminal UE sends measurement report to source base station eNodeB, source base station eNodeB triggers pre-carrying according to measurement report, preferentially send signaling and carry in advance,, adopt the S1 interface if there is not X2 interface to target BS eNodeB by X2 interface.
6) for the sub-district switch the overlay region size should with the switching interface positive correlation of selecting, promptly adopt X2 interface to switch when adopting the S1 interface to switch, overlay region length is littler.
Description of drawings:
Fig. 1 high ferro scene sub-district covers schematic diagram
Fig. 2 eNodeB sub-district/Neighboring Cell List
The flow chart of the quick handoff algorithms of TD-LTE of the pre-carrying in Fig. 3 based target sub-district
Fig. 4 carries the signaling process figure of handoff algorithms in advance based on the S1 interface
Fig. 5 does not have the signaling process figure that handoff algorithms is carried in the S-GW reorientation in advance based on X2 interface
Fig. 6 has the S-GW reorientation to carry the signaling process figure of handoff algorithms in advance based on X2 interface
Embodiment:
The invention mode that adopts theory analysis, simulation modeling to combine with actual test.Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, specific embodiment of the present invention is described in further details:
Fig. 1 is that high ferro scene sub-district covers schematic diagram among the present invention, wire according to high-speed railway distributes, high-speed railway mobile communications network along the line adopts the chain dedicated cell to cover, and in order to reduce the number of times of switching, adopts the deployment way of Base Band Unit+distributed Remote Radio Unit of BBU+RRU.As Fig. 2 is eNodeB sub-district/Neighboring Cell List.
Fig. 3 is based on the flow chart of the quick handoff algorithms of TD-LTE of the pre-carrying of Target cell, according to this flow chart, UE receives measured value when user terminal, comprise: the speed of user terminal UE, latitude and longitude information, the RSRP of cell-of-origin and RSSI switch band and also comprise the RSRP of Target cell and RSSI etc. if enter.User terminal UE is the reporting measurement value periodically, and source base station eNodeB triggers changeover program according to the speed of user terminal UE, when user terminal UE speed greater than the speed threshold value Speed threshold that sets:
S＞Speed_threshold (1)
Source base station eNodeB will trigger quick changeover program.The distance value of the longitude and latitude position coordinates of default pre-carrying satisfies the switching criterion requirement in longitude and latitude position coordinates that UE uploads and cell-of-origin eNodeB, promptly two positions apart from the threshold value Distance_threshold of difference less than a distance,
ΔL＜Distance_threshold (2)
Source base station eNodeB starts pre-carrier signaling, and target BS eNodeB carries in advance to resource after receiving information.If the speed that the user terminal UE that source base station eNodeB obtains reports less than speed threshold value Speed_threshold, adopts conventional switching determination criterion to switch, flow chart omits algorithmic descriptions herein.
UE has two class Target cells to carry switching flow in advance under activated state among the LTE, and promptly the S1 interface carries switching flow and X2 interface carries switching flow in advance in advance.According to the difference of interface, describe the signaling process of this switching in detail.
For mobility in the LTE, the X2 switching occurs between the eNodeB.Yet, between eNodeB, there are not X2 interface or source eNodeB to initiate to switch to a specific eNodeB by the S1 interface, will trigger S1 and switch.Be illustrated in figure 4 as the modern flow chart of letter that the S1 interface carries handoff algorithms in advance, wherein the 2nd went on foot for the 12nd step for pre-load bearing process, the 13rd went on foot for the 16th step for switching set-up procedure, and the 17th went on foot for the 20th step is hand-off execution process, and the 21st went on foot for the 26th step finishes engineering for switching.In pre-load bearing process, UE periodically reports positional information (latitude and longitude coordinates) of self and velocity information to give source base station NodeB, and according to velocity information, source base station eNodeB judges that adopting quick handoff algorithms still is conventional handoff algorithms.When user terminal UE speed greater than speed threshold value Speed_threshold, source base station eNodeB starts fast and switches, latitude and longitude coordinates and the threshold value Distance_threshold of the range difference that triggers pre-bearing point coordinate in measurement report less than distance, source base station eNodeB initiates pre-carrying request and gives source MME, source MME sends re-positioning request to target MME then, target MME sends and creates conversation request to target S-GW, sends after the target S-GW request of receiving and creates conversational response to target MME; Target MME sends pre-carrying demand signalling to target BS eNodeB then, after target BS eNodeB receives pre-carrying demand signalling, sets up radio bearer and sends pre-carrying request response to target MME; Target MME sends and creates indirect data forward pass tunneled requests to target S-GW then, and target S-GW receives that asking the back transmission to create indirect data forward pass tunnel responds to target MME; Transmission forward pass relocation response was to source MME after target MME received response, and source MME sends establishment indirect data forward pass tunneled requests to source S-GW after receiving response, and source S-GW receives that asking the back answer to create indirect data forward pass tunnel responds to source MME; Above-mentionedly finish pre-load bearing process.After entering the switching band, UE is switched and determined criterion, Event triggered reporting measurement reports according to the A3 that optimizes.The measurement report content comprises: the speed of user terminal UE, the measurement report of information such as cell-of-origin and Target cell RSRP and RSSI is given source base station eNodeB.After source base station eNodeB receives measurement report, judge to carry out and switch, source MME replys switching command to source base station eNodeB after receiving the handoff request that source base station eNodeB sends, after source base station eNodeB receives switching command then, send switching command, finish the switching set-up procedure to this to UE.At user plane, source base station eNodeB begins to send the state transitions information of eNodeB to source MME, transmission forward pass access context was notified to target MME after source MME received information, and target MME sends forward pass access context and confirms that concurrent eNB state transitions information is to target BS eNodeB; Source base station eNodeB begins directly to transmit data and gives target BS eNodeB or be given to target S-GW by source S-GW then, and target S-GW sends to the indirect data of target BS eNodeB and transmits, and finishes to this hand-off execution process.Third part is to switch to finish, and mainly is renewal process (TAU, Tracking area updated) and the source base station eNodeB that carries out tracking area, and the resource dispose procedure of source MME and source S-GW and state transitions are to the process of target MME and target S-GW.
Switching by X2 interface can be given tacit consent to triggering, is not configured to use S1 to switch unless set up the base station eNodeB of X2 interface or Serving cell.The X2 interface switching is divided into the switching that has and do not have the S-GW reorientation, as Fig. 5 is the signaling process figure that does not have S-GW reorientation handoff algorithms based on X2 interface, this flow process is not used under the not change situation when MME itself does not change with MME decision S-GW yet, use X2 interface switch a UE from source base station eNodeB to target BS eNodeB.Wherein the 2nd went on foot for the 6th step for pre-load bearing process, flow chart is the same with the pre-load bearing process of S1 interface, and different is that pre-carrying request directly directly sends to target BS eNodeB by source base station eNodeB by X2 interface; The 7th went on foot for the 9th step for switching set-up procedure, and this flow process and S1 interface switching preparation process are similar, and different is that the X2 interface switching is that source base station eNodeB directly sends the handoff request signaling to target BS eNodeB.The 10th to go on foot for the 12nd step be hand-off execution process, arrives source base station eNodeB but the data that do not have enough time to send to UE directly are forwarded to target BS eNodeB by X2 interface, and source base station eNodeB issues target BS eNodeB to state transitions information; The 13rd went on foot for the 21st step finishes the stage for switching, target BS eNodeB sends a path handoff request information and comes informing user terminal UE to change the sub-district to MME, TAI (the Tracking Area Identity that comprises Target cell, tracking area ID number)+ECGI, and EPS carrying tabulation should be changed.MME decision S-GW can continue to serve this UE.MME sends one and revises the carrying request to S-GW then, S-GW sends and revises the carrying request to public data network (Public Data Network, PDN), issue S-GW after PDN receives and confirm response, S-GW issues MME modification carrying response message after receiving response, and the downlink data path switches to target BS eNodeB, and the later step target eNode B sends and discharges resource information to source base station eNodeB, and carry out tracing section updating (TAU, Tracking area updated).
Fig. 6 is for there being the signaling process figure of S-GW reorientation handoff algorithms based on X2 interface.This flow process should not used under the reorientation situation when MME itself does not change with MME decision S-GW, use X2 interface switch a user terminal UE from source base station eNodeB to target BS eNodeB.Wherein the 2nd went on foot for the 6th step for pre-load bearing process, flow chart is the same with the pre-load bearing process of S1 interface, and different is that pre-carrying request directly directly sends to target BS eNodeB by source base station eNodeB by X2 interface; The 7th went on foot for the 9th step for switching set-up procedure, and this flow process and S1 interface switching preparation process are similar, and different is that the X2 interface switching is that source base station eNodeB directly sends the handoff request signaling to target BS eNodeB.The 10th to go on foot for the 12nd step be hand-off execution process, arrives source base station eNodeB but the data that do not have enough time to send to UE directly are forwarded to target BS eNodeB by X2 interface, and source base station eNodeB issues target BS eNodeB to state transitions information; The 13rd went on foot for the 20th step finishes the stage for switching, and target BS eNodeB sends a path handoff request information and notifies UE to change the sub-district to MME, comprises the ECGI of Target cell, and upgrades EPS carrying tabulation.MME decision S-GW is by reorientation and select a new S-GW to serve this UE.MME sends one and creates conversation request to target S-GW then, target S-GW sends and revises the carrying request to PDN, issue target S-GW after PDN receives and confirm response, target S-GW issues MME establishment conversational response information after receiving response, the downlink data path switches to target BS eNodeB, the transmit path conversion request responded to target BS eNodeB after MME received information, upstream data sends to PDN by target BS eNodeB and target S-GW afterwards, target eNode B is sent out and is discharged resource information to source base station eNodeB afterwards, discharge resource between MME and the source S-GW, the deletion conversation request, and carry out tracing section updating (TAU, Tracking area updated).
In sum, adopt TD-LTE communication system fast switching method can shorten handover delay, guarantee that user terminal UE switches in rational position, satisfies the requirement of switching fast under the high-speed condition based on the geography information geographical location information.This patent can effectively improve handover success rate, and can adjust handoff algorithms dynamically according to user terminal UE speed, guarantees the quality of radio communication service.
The above is embodiments of the invention only, and does not mean that the present invention is limited to the execution mode of these descriptions.To one skilled in the art, can to specific implementation of the present invention improve or to partial content replace on an equal basis, modification etc., and do not break away from the spirit of technical solution of the present invention, it all should be included within the claim scope of the present invention.Be noted that simultaneously technical scheme of the present invention is not specially at the wireless communication system of TD-LTE.Wireless communication system to FD-LTE is suitable on an equal basis.
Claims (5)
1. the fast switch over method of the TD-LTE communication system of the pre-carrying in a based target sub-district, be used for supporting of the requirement of high-speed railway TD-LTE communication system to quick switching, the switch decision algorithm of the pre-carrying in a kind of based target sub-district has been proposed, with the function that realizes switching fast between neighbor cell.
2. according to right 1 described method, its thought is: according to the train operation position, speed and direction, after the network planning is finished, generate a adjacent cell list in advance, and pre-set each switching band switching position, it is the longitude and latitude positional information, before train does not enter switching overlapping region, two sub-districts, distance enters when switching the band distance for a certain numerical value L, source base station eNodeB judges according to the measurement report of user terminal UE and sends pre-beared information to target BS eNodeB, target BS eNodeB according to behind the pre-beared information that receives to evolved packet system (Evolved Packet System, EPS) resource is carried, after train entered the switching band, if train satisfies switching criterion, train will switch to Target cell from the cell-of-origin.
3. according to the precondition of right 2 described these methods:
1) train install global positioning system (Global Positioning System, GPS)
Statistics is measured in place when 2) train being carried in advance, obtains the pre-carrying reference point of an estimation
4. according to right 3 described preconditions, the concrete implementation step of this method comprises:
A) method is specified in the application target sub-district, and shielding is in the sub-district at train operation rear.
B) user terminal UE revises the measurement report content
C) revise the interior cell list of base station eNodeB
D) source base station eNodeB extracts position and the velocity information in the measurement report
E) judge the quick handoff algorithms of execution according to speed
F) switching the overlay region size for the sub-district should be relevant with the switching interface type of selecting
5. switch implementation step fast according to right 4 described TD-LTE, be divided into the flow chart of two big class signalings according to the different this patents of the interface that switches: the signaling process figure that 1) carries handoff algorithms in advance based on the S1 interface; 2) based on the signaling process figure of the pre-carrying handoff algorithms of X2 interface; And switch for X2 interface, according to the reorientation whether S-GW is arranged in handoff procedure, this patent comprises the signaling process figure of two classes based on X2 interface: 1) do not have S-GW reorientation hand off signaling flow chart based on X2 interface; 2) there is the S-GW reorientation to switch the modern flow chart of letter based on X2 interface.
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