CN102270262A - Method and device for compressing and decompressing analog waveform of integrated circuit - Google Patents

Method and device for compressing and decompressing analog waveform of integrated circuit Download PDF

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CN102270262A
CN102270262A CN2011102421923A CN201110242192A CN102270262A CN 102270262 A CN102270262 A CN 102270262A CN 2011102421923 A CN2011102421923 A CN 2011102421923A CN 201110242192 A CN201110242192 A CN 201110242192A CN 102270262 A CN102270262 A CN 102270262A
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曾璇
刘毅
杨帆
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Fudan University
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Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of integrated circuits and in particular relates to a method and a device for compressing and decompressing analog waveforms of integrated circuits. In the compression method, firstly an input analog waveform data stream is divided into time slices according to the features of simulation time, each time slice is divided into an I frame and a P frame, and the zero judgment and storage operations are performed on the I frames; and residual errors between the P frames and the I frames are calculated and then quantified, subjected to self-adapting arithmetic coding and stored. The compression process opposes the decompression process. The device comprises an input unit, an output unit, a program storage unit, an external bus, an internal memory, a memory management unit, an input/output bridging unit, a system bus and a processor, wherein compression and decompression programs are stored in the program storage unit. By compressing the analog waveforms, the memory space occupied is effectively reduced and a higher compression ratio is achieved with a low complexity of calculation.

Description

Integrated circuit simulating analog waveform compression and decompression method and device
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of integrated circuits, be specifically related to a kind of integrated circuit simulating analog waveform compression and decompression method and device.
Background technology
In the integrated circuit (IC) design process, functional verification is very crucial and a step consuming time, and the most important technical method of functional verification is exactly emulation.Process of simulation is as follows: the one group of vector sum initiation parameter that need verify inputs to circuit, generates a large amount of wave files then.Along with integrated circuit (IC) design development at a high speed, the scale of circuit is more and more huger and complicated, the simulation waveform file of corresponding generation is also increasing, the hard drive space that needs goes up the Giga byte easily, room and time for storage is more and more, therefore the waveform compression technology is indispensable at present fast, and can not influence existing simulation velocity and precision.
Although for present, it is very important that waveform compression seems, and be a full of challenges problem, and the work of this respect is seldom arranged.Some classical compression algorithms [1,2,3] are arranged, though they can effectively reduce the size of file, the algorithm of many optimizations is also arranged, these algorithms all need to consume a large amount of operation time, and for the analog waveform compression, ratio of compression is not very desirable usually. also have some business softwares can support the preservation of compressed waveform now; Wave file WLF (Wave Log File) such as the Mentor Graphics Modelsim of company support commonly used; The wave file fsdb (Fast Signal DataBase) that Spring Soft (Novas) Debussy of company/Verdi supports; The wave file vpd that the wave file shm that the NC verilog of Cadence company and Simvision support and the VCS DVE of Synopsys company support; But their algorithm is not disclosed
Based on above demand, the present invention analyzes the waveform that simulates, and proposes a kind of high-efficient algorithm, and very high compression ratio is arranged.
List of references
⑴?J.?Ziv?and?A.?Lempel,?“A?Universal?Algorithm?for?Sequential?Data?Compression”,?IEEE?Transaction?on?Information?Theory,?Vol.?IT-23,?No.?3,?May?1977
⑵?G.?Mandyam,?N.?Ahmed?and?N.?Magotra,?“A?DCT-Based?Scheme?for?Lossless?Image?Compression”,?IS&T/SPIE?Electronic?Imaging?Conference,?February?1995
⑶?Dzung?T.?Hoang,?Philip?M.?Long?and?Jeffrey?Scott?Vitter,?“Dictionary?Selection?Using?Partial?Matching”,?Information?Sciences,?Vol.?119,?No.?1–2,?57–72,?1999。
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide that a kind of to take storage space few, computation complexity is low, the compression and decompression method and the device of the integrated circuit simulating analog waveform data that ratio of compression is high.
The integrated circuit simulating analog waveform compression and decompression method that the present invention proposes, its compression process as shown in Figure 1, its basic process is: with the voltage and current output valve of all nodes on the time point as a frame, and with continuous several frames as a timeslice, a frame of choosing beginning in a timeslice is as reference frame (I frame), and remaining frame is frame (P frame) relatively, and respectively I frame and P frame handled respectively and encoded, write file at last, finish the compression of Wave data.
If the length of all frames is FRAME_LEN, the sequence number in the frame is FRAME_IDX=[1:FRAME_LEN], and the output valve in every frame is data[d1 d2 ... d Frame_len];
Compression step to the I frame is:
1) detecting output valve is zero waveform, LSN idx_zeros{i|di=0};
2) then be output as the sequence number idx_non_zeros=FRAME_IDX – idx_zeros of nonzero value;
3) size of comparison array idx_zeros and idx_non_zeros is selected less one, and is selected corresponding memory length according to its length, writes file;
4) remaining non-zero output valve is write file.
Compression step to the P frame is:
1) this frame and I frame are subtracted each other, obtaining difference is delta_data, and obtains the pairing maximum changing value of each waveform in the timeslice, is designated as max_delta;
2) incite somebody to action | delta_data. the data of/data|<1e-3 are considered as null value and handle;
3) according to the size of max_delta remaining delta_data is carried out uniform quantization or non-uniform quantizing, the memory length of quantification is selected different memory lengths according to the difference of precision.
4) data after will quantizing write file.
File memory format after the compression such as Fig. 2, wherein the number of " timeslice " is the length of simulation time divided by each " timeslice ", the number of " P frame " subtracts one for the length of " timeslice ", in " compressed information ", the number of " time shaft coordinate length " and " data starting point " is the quantity of Table.
For decompression process, opposite with compression process.
Device based on foregoing circuit analogue simulation Wave data compression and decompression method, as shown in Figure 3, it comprises input block 102, output unit 103, program storage unit (PSU) 105, external bus 110, internal memory 106, memory management unit 107, input and output bridge-jointing unit 108, system bus 111 and processor 109.Wherein, described input block 102, output unit 103 and program storage unit (PSU) 105 are directly connected to described external bus 110; External bus 110 links to each other with described system bus 111 by input and output bridge-jointing unit 108; Described internal memory 106 is connected to system bus 111 by memory management unit 107; Described processor 109 is directly connected to system bus 111; In program storage unit (PSU) 105, store circuit simulation analog waveform compression and decompression program module 104 rapidly and efficiently.
Described compression and decompression program module 104 can realize foregoing circuit analogue simulation Wave data compression and decompression method and obtain through compiling with programming languages such as C/C++/FORTRAN.
When compression, the analog waveform data stream that simulates transfers to analytical equipment 112 by input block 102; Waveform after analytical equipment 112 compresses by output unit 103 external outputs.
When decompressing, the wave file after the compression transfers to analytical equipment 112 by input block 102; Analytical equipment 112 is externally exported the analog waveform data of recovering by output unit 103.
During the present invention's circuit simulation analog waveform data compression decompression device 112 operations rapidly and efficiently, import the circuit feature data 101 of power ground networks to internal memory 106 by input block 102.Input block can be that External memory equipment or network connect.Simultaneously, compression, decompression execution of program modules 104 also are written into internal memory.104 pairs of analog waveform data of processor 109 these program modules of execution are compressed or the data after the compression are carried out decompress(ion), and result's process output unit offers the user with the form of data stream or text by output unit 103.The representative instance of this device is a workstation that comprises 4GB internal memory, Intel Xeon 3.0GHz processor and hard disk drive.The circuit simulation analog waveform data compression and decompression program proposed by the invention that processor 109 utilizes (SuSE) Linux OS to come executive routine storage unit 105 to be stored.
The present invention rapidly and efficiently apparatus and method of circuit simulation analog waveform data compression and decompression has following advantage:
1. have higher ratio of compression, and can effectively keep data precision.
Analog waveform data compression method of the present invention, in the process that quantizes, go to select uniform quantization and non-uniform quantizing according to the variation range of Wave data, and select effective storage space according to the accuracy rating of user's needs, the precision of the analog waveform data after effectively having kept quantizing, because the data repeatability after quantizing is very big, further improve compression efficiency through adaptive arithmetic code again, saved the storage space that takies to a great extent.
2. computation complexity is low, can handle the analogue simulation Wave data of mass data.
Analog waveform data compression method of the present invention is owing to only exist better simply quantification and encoding process, computation complexity is very low, and fully can be in the time of compression with the simulation calculation parallel processing of next time point, so can not take a lot of compression times fully, can be not influential to simulation speed, utilization can the mmap technology in the process of these external compression and decompression, can effectively improve the read or write speed of file, read-write efficiency to big file has greatly improved simultaneously, is applicable to handle large scale emulation analog waveform data.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the present invention's theory diagram of circuit simulation analog waveform compression process rapidly and efficiently.
Fig. 2 is the present invention's circuit simulation analog waveform compression rapidly and efficiently storage file form.
Fig. 3 is the present invention's structural representation of circuit simulation analog waveform data compression decompression device rapidly and efficiently.
Fig. 4 is the non-uniform quantizing principle schematic that the present invention adopts.
Fig. 5 is for MUL8x8_1.tr0, the raw data results comparative graph that the waveform that decompress(ion) recovers from the wave file after the present invention's compression and the emulation of SPICE circuit simulator obtain.
Fig. 6 is for MUL8x8_1.tr0, the datum error comparative graph that the waveform that decompress(ion) recovers from the wave file after the present invention's compression and the emulation of SPICE circuit simulator obtain.
Embodiment
Rapidly and efficiently circuit simulation analog waveform data compression decompression device is shown among Fig. 3 112 in the present invention, and it comprises input block 102, output unit 103, program storage unit (PSU) 105, external bus 110, internal memory 106, memory management unit 107, input and output bridge-jointing unit 108, system bus 111 and processor 109.
The representative instance of this device is a workstation that comprises 4GB internal memory, Intel Xeon 3.0GHz processor and hard disk drive.The analog waveform of the circuit simulation rapidly and efficiently data compression decompress(ion) program proposed by the invention that processor 109 utilizes (SuSE) Linux OS to come executive routine storage unit 105 to be stored.
The present invention is circuit simulation analog waveform data compression method rapidly and efficiently, as shown in Figure 1, comprises following steps:
Step 1: create or open compressed file.If new emulation begins, then create a new file object, if next the emulation from suspending continue uncompleted emulation, then open corresponding file object, give following step.
Step 2: compression parameters is set.If emulation continues, then skip this step.If new emulation begins, following parameter is set: the precision of emulation storage, 8,12, perhaps 16; The length of each timeslice.
Step 3: in the file starting position, form according to Fig. 2, and according to the nodename of the table quantity that reads net table gained, needs storage, the space of " node quantity ", " the table quantity " of reservation stored waveform, " time shaft coordinate length ", " data starting point ", for the terminating operation by force that prevents the user and the non-normal termination of program, above " table quantity ", " time coordinate shaft length ", " data starting point " all are real-time update, with the compressed waveform of storage, can not cause losing of emulated data.
Step 4: the processing of simulation waveform and storage.
Step by step 1: with first frame of each timeslice as the I frame.
1) detecting output valve is zero waveform, because what adopt is the data memory format of double type, whether detect this moment is that zero standard is whether absolute value is less than 1e-20, LSN idx_zeros{i | di=0} is output as the sequence number idx_non_zeros=FRAME_IDX – idx_zeros of nonzero value;
2) size of comparison array idx_zeros and idx_non_zeros is selected less one, and is selected corresponding memory length according to its length, writes file;
3) remaining non-zero output valve is write file.
4) write the corresponding time shaft coordinate of this frame, upgrade the time shaft coordinate length that writes in the compressed information.
Step by step 2: with the residue frame of each timeslice as the P frame.Open up the difference of each P frame of one section memory headroom buffer memory and I frame.Will | delta_data. the data of/data|<1e-3 are considered as null value and handle;
Step by step 3: the maximum difference and the minimal difference that obtain this section timeslice at the last frame of each timeslice.
1) selects corresponding quantification manner according to the ratio of maximal value and minimum value.If max_delta/min_delta〉1e3, select non-uniform quantizing: because the interior wave form varies of timeslice may be bigger, adopt the words of uniform quantization bigger, can consider non-uniform quantizing, to improve the precision that quantizes in the loss of significance of small-signal part.
The realization of non-uniform quantizing: as shown in Figure 4, the waveform compression part is transformed into another variable with input variable, i.e. y=f (x).Non-uniform quantizing is exactly that the variable y after the compression is carried out uniform quantization.Decompress(ion) is x=f with a transport property partly -1(y) expander recovers.The non-homogeneous pressure pantography of employing of the present invention is 13 polygometries, also claims A compression rule.
The compression property of A compression rule is:
Figure 460873DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
Wherein, A is a compressibility coefficient, and y is normalized compressor reducer output voltage, and x is normalized compression input voltage.In the reality, A compression rule adopts 13 broken lines to be similar to usually, gets A=87.6 in the following formula.
2) if max_delta/min_delta<1e3 then selects uniform quantization, choose maximum max_delta, choose corresponding quantized interval according to the difference of quantization digit, carry out equal interval quantizing.
3) memory length of Liang Huaing is selected different quantification length according to the difference of precision.Wave data after quantizing is carried out adaptive arithmetic code.Arithmetic coding is not that single source symbol is mapped to a code word, but be whole source representation a interval between 0 to 1 on the real number line, its length equals the probability of this sequence, selects a representational decimal again in this interval, is converted into the coding output of scale-of-two as reality.
Each element in the message sequence all will be used for shortening this interval.Element is many more in the message sequence, and resulting interval is just more little, when the interval diminishes, just needs more numerical digit to represent this interval.
Adopt arithmetic coding, the average code length of each symbol can be decimal.The frequent degree that adaptive arithmetic code can occur according to symbol in cataloged procedure is revised distribution probability dynamically, can avoid must accurately obtaining before coding the difficult problem of information source probability like this.
4) write file size behind the adaptive arithmetic code, the data behind the quantization encoding are write file.
5) write time corresponding axial coordinate in this timeslice, upgrade the time shaft coordinate length that writes in the compressed information.
Step 5: the closes compression file, condensing routine finishes.
Wherein, each emulation table repeated execution of steps 4 is upgraded the table quantity in the compressed information at every turn, finishes up to all table emulation.
The present invention is circuit simulation analog waveform uncompressing data rapidly and efficiently, comprises following steps:
Step 1: open the compressed file that above step generates.Take out file attribute from " compressed information " part: each timeslice length, table quantity, quantization digit, the observation node quantity of record.
Step 2: the nodename that obtains storage.File pointer is navigated to the position of memory node title, take out the node title of the storage of the quantity number that obtains in the step 1 successively.
Step 3: read the time coordinate axle of wishing the table check.I frame time corresponding coordinate is taken out at the end that at first file pointer is navigated to the I frame, then file pointer is navigated to P frame end, and the take-off time leaf length subtracts the time coordinate of 1 number.Next once travel through each timeslice, until taking out all time coordinates.
Step 4: the data pointer that obtains corresponding table.
Step by step 1: with file pointer fourth literary composition to position that the I frame begins.Read zone bit, judge that the index number of taking out is null value data or nonzero value data.
Step by step 2: recover the I frame data according to 1 gained result step by step.
Step by step 3: take out P frame reduction length.From ensuing storage space, take out these length byte data, carry out adaptive arithmetic code decoding.Obtain the P frame data.
Step by step 3: circulation carries out step by step 1,2,3, up to recovering all packed datas.
Step 5: close the compressed file of opening, decompression process finishes.
For above-mentioned purpose of the present invention, feature and advantage can be become apparent more, further specify the present invention below by some concrete examples.
One embodiment of the present of invention are that MUL8x8_1.sp and two net tables of MUL8x8_2.sp are carried out emulation, the compression output waveform.At first by SPICE two net tables are carried out emulation, the analogue simulation Wave data is exported in MUL8x8_1.tr0 and two files of MUL8x8_2.tr0.The analog waveform data that MUL8x8_1.tr0 and two files of MUL8x8_2.tr0 extracted by above compression step are through the row compression, and table 1 is the size of shared hard drive space before and after the compression, and ratio of compression has reached 0.1.Fig. 5 raw data results comparative graph that to be the waveform that recovers of the wave file decompress(ion) after the present invention compression obtain with the emulation of SPICE circuit simulator, the datum error comparative graph that the waveform that Fig. 6 recovers for the wave file decompress(ion) after compressing from the present invention and the emulation of SPICE circuit simulator obtain.From Fig. 5 and Fig. 6 can see by the present invention rapidly and efficiently circuit simulation analog waveform data compression decompressing method coincide very good to the recovery of analogue simulation data and the raw data results that simulates of SPICE circuit simulator.The present invention's speed efficient circuits analogue simulation Wave data Compress softwares method has effectively reduced the storage space that needs on the basis that keeps the raw data precision.
In order to verify efficient of the present invention, respectively MUL8x8_1.sp and two net tables of MUL8x8_2.sp were carried out simulation time and the analog waveform data that extract from MUL8x8_1.tr0 and two files of MUL8x8_2.tr0 are compared the time such as the table 2 that need through the time of row compression.Can show the simulation time of compression time of the present invention much smaller than needs thus, if can be embedded in the simulation software, the compression process in a last moment can be parallel fully with next emulation constantly, need not the outer time of occupying volume.
Above the present invention as a result can effectively keep effectively reduced the storage space that need take, and efficient being very high under the situation of data precision.
Table 1 is for MUL8x8_1.tr0 and two files of MUL8x8_2.tr0, the size of the hard drive space that takies before and after the compression
The net table Before the compression (byte) Compression back (byte) Ratio of compression
MUL8x8_1.tr0 90876636 8845174 0.09733
MUL8x8_2.tr0 91312840 9296392 0.10180
Table 2 compresses and the needed time of emulation for MUL8x8_1.sp and two files of MUL8x8_2.sp
The net table Simulation time (s) Compression time (s) Take ratio
MUL8x8_1.sp 307 23 0.0749
MUL8x8_2.sp 358 30 0.0838

Claims (2)

1. integrated circuit simulating analog waveform data compression and decompression method, it is characterized in that: with the voltage and current output valve of all nodes on the time point as a frame, and with continuous several frames as a timeslice, a frame of choosing beginning in a timeslice is called the I frame as the reference frame, and remaining frame is for comparing frame, be called the P frame, respectively I frame and P frame are handled and encoded, write file at last, finish the compression of Wave data;
If the length of all frames is FRAME_LEN, the sequence number in the frame is FRAME_IDX=[1:FRAME_LEN], and the output valve in every frame is data[d1 d2 ... d Frame_len];
Compression step to the I frame is:
1) detecting output valve is zero waveform, LSN idx_zeros{i|di=0};
2) then be output as the sequence number idx_non_zeros=FRAME_IDX – idx_zeros of nonzero value;
3) size of comparison array idx_zeros and idx_non_zeros is selected less one, and is selected corresponding memory length according to its length, writes file;
4) remaining non-zero output valve is write file;
Compression step to the P frame is:
1) this frame and I frame are subtracted each other, obtaining difference is delta_data, and obtains the pairing maximum changing value of each waveform in the timeslice, is designated as max_delta;
2) incite somebody to action | the data of delta_data/data|<1e-3 are considered as null value and handle;
3) according to the size of max_delta remaining delta_data is carried out uniform quantization or non-uniform quantizing, the difference of the memory length precision of quantification is selected different memory lengths;
4) data after will quantizing write file;
The process of decompression method is opposite with the process of compression method.
2. the device based on the integrated circuit simulating analog waveform data compression and decompression of the described method of claim 1 is characterized in that: comprise input block (102), output unit (103), program storage unit (PSU) (10), external bus (110), internal memory (106), memory management unit (107), input and output bridge-jointing unit (108), system bus (111) and processor (109); Wherein, described input block (102), output unit (103) and program storage unit (PSU) (105) are directly connected to described external bus (110); External bus (110) links to each other with described system bus (111) by input and output bridge-jointing unit (108); Described internal memory (106) is connected to system bus (111) by memory management unit (107); Described processor (109) is directly connected to system bus (111); In program storage unit (PSU) (105), store the program module (104) of integrated circuit simulating analog waveform compression and decompression method as claimed in claim 1;
When compression, the analog waveform data stream that simulates transfers to described device by input block (102); Waveform after described device compresses by the external output of output unit (103);
When decompressing, the wave file after the compression transfers to described device by input block (102); Described device is externally exported the analog waveform data of recovering by output unit (103).
CN2011102421923A 2011-08-23 2011-08-23 Method and device for compressing and decompressing analog waveform of integrated circuit Pending CN102270262A (en)

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CN103853855A (en) * 2012-11-29 2014-06-11 北京华大九天软件有限公司 Circuit simulation analog synchronizing waveform compressed format
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CN113890541A (en) * 2021-09-24 2022-01-04 深圳国微芯科技有限公司 Data compression method and system, computer readable storage medium
CN113868189A (en) * 2021-12-02 2021-12-31 成都奥卡思微电科技有限公司 Waveform file processing method, storage medium and device
CN115145496A (en) * 2022-09-05 2022-10-04 中国汽车技术研究中心有限公司 Simulation result data processing method, device and storage medium
CN115145496B (en) * 2022-09-05 2023-01-06 中国汽车技术研究中心有限公司 Simulation result data processing method, device and storage medium

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Application publication date: 20111207