CN102268419B - 一种内切型木聚糖酶的制备方法 - Google Patents

一种内切型木聚糖酶的制备方法 Download PDF

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CN102268419B
CN102268419B CN2011101692985A CN201110169298A CN102268419B CN 102268419 B CN102268419 B CN 102268419B CN 2011101692985 A CN2011101692985 A CN 2011101692985A CN 201110169298 A CN201110169298 A CN 201110169298A CN 102268419 B CN102268419 B CN 102268419B
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zytase
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endoxylanase
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CN102268419A (zh
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李秀婷
朱运平
腾超
孙宝国
宋红霞
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Beijing Technology and Business University
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种以农业废弃物玉米芯为原料经微生物发酵方法制备内切型木聚糖酶的方法。筛选得到一株绿垂曲霉(Aspergillus viridinutans),可直接利用农业废弃物玉米芯产生高产量的内切木聚糖酶,并通过生化方法进行纯化,得到可水解木聚糖生产木糖含量低、聚合度为2到5的低聚木糖产品的内切型木聚糖酶,该木聚糖酶可用于工业化生产低聚木糖。

Description

一种内切型木聚糖酶的制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种内切型木聚糖酶的制备方法,内切型木聚糖酶以玉米芯为原料、经微生物发酵制得。 
技术背景
木聚糖酶是一种重要的半纤维素降解酶系,它能够降解由β-1,4-糖苷键连接β-D-吡喃型木糖单元构成主链,该酶系包括多种水解酶:β-木糖苷酶、α-L-呋喃型阿拉伯糖苷酶、α-葡萄糖醛酸酶和β-1,4-内切木聚糖酶,其中β-木糖苷酶作用于木寡糖的末端,释放出木糖残基;α-L-呋喃型阿拉伯糖苷酶和α-葡萄糖醛酸酶能够释放侧链糖;β-1,4-内切木聚糖酶(EC3.2.1.8)以内切方式作用于木聚糖主链,能够释放出不同链长的寡糖及少量的木糖,是木聚糖降解的关键酶。 
木聚糖酶特异性降解木聚糖,在许多领域具有重要的应用价值。木聚糖酶可以用来对粗纸浆进行预处理,可减少后续处理过程中对化学物质的使用。酶在造纸行业的应用尚处于研究和发展阶段,但是短短十几年中,有一些木聚糖酶已实现了工业应用。除了在纸浆、造纸行业的应用外,木聚糖酶可以作为食品添加剂用来改良面团性质,提升面包、馒头等面制品的品质,可以用来制备低聚木糖,也可用于饲料行业来改良青贮饲料和谷物饲料的营养特性。除此之外,木聚糖酶可用于咖啡、植物油和淀粉的提取、与果胶酶纤维素酶合用来澄清果汁、对植物纤维如亚麻、苎麻纤维的脱胶等等方面。 
虽然对木聚糖酶的研究越来越深入,但目前仅有少数木聚糖酶的生产实现了工业化。木聚糖酶存在的产量低和诱导成本高等问题,是限制其广泛应用的重要因素。木聚糖酶是一种诱导酶,很多微生物如细菌、霉菌和放线菌均能产生木聚糖酶。常见的木聚糖酶诱导物为木聚糖,对于一些微生物富含木聚糖的木质纤维原料也能起到诱导作用。但由于木聚糖存在于 植物细胞壁中且与纤维素、木质素之间形成致密的结构,目前可直接利用木质纤维质原料诱导产生高产量的木聚糖酶的微生物种类相对较少,大多数微生物只能利用纯净的木聚糖产生木聚糖酶,而提取木聚糖不仅工艺复杂而且得率较低,增加了制备木聚糖酶制剂成本。我国拥有丰富的廉价木质纤维原料,若直接利用廉价的农业废弃物产生木聚糖酶,将大大节省木聚糖酶的生产成本。在资源日益匮乏的今天,用农业废弃物代替木聚糖作为木聚糖酶的诱导底物是大势所趋。另外,由于木聚糖酶种类繁多,大多数能够降解木聚糖类的产酶菌株产生的木聚糖酶酶系组成复杂,因具有β-木糖苷酶使水解产物中木糖含量过高,而低聚木糖含量不足,从而影响了低聚木糖的品质。目前对木聚糖酶在馒头中的应用研究尚处于起步阶段,鲜有适用于馒头领域的微生物木聚糖酶的报道。 
农作物及其在加工过程中产生的副产物,如玉米芯、麸皮、甘蔗渣等农业废弃物,均为重要的木质纤维原料,主要化学成分是纤维素、半纤维素。由于缺乏合理的利用,大量的农作物秸秆及副产物等废弃物除非常少量的可以做为饲料用,绝大部分被焚烧,使有机质大量流失,空气污染。在资源日益匮乏的今天,若能直接以农业废弃物为原料制备低成本工业酶制剂,不仅可以充分利用农业废弃物,合理利用资源,而且可以获得巨大的经济效益,保护环境。我国的微生物资源十分丰富,结合实际应用的需求筛选可直接利用农业废弃物释放高产量木聚糖酶的生产菌株,并制备出低成本的木聚糖酶纯酶,具有重要的实际意义。 
本发明的目的正是针对上述问题而研制的一种高效率、低成本的直接以玉米芯为原料的木聚糖酶及其制剂的方法,该方法以一株新型木聚糖酶产生菌株——绿垂曲霉对该原料进行微生物发酵处理,制备产量高、成本低、特异性好的木聚糖酶,该酶可降解木聚糖产生聚合度为2至5的低聚木糖用于工业化生产低聚木糖,还可用于制浆造纸等行业。 
本发明使用廉价的农以废弃物玉米芯为原料制备木聚糖酶制剂,降低了木聚糖酶的成本,具有良好的应用前景。 
发明内容
本发明所解决的技术问题是,直接以农业废弃物玉米芯为原料经微生物发酵方法制备内切型木聚糖酶的方法。 
本发明的目的是通过以下方案来实现的: 
1.玉米芯经干燥、粉碎预处理 
2.液体发酵产木聚糖酶 
以绿垂曲霉(Aspergillus viridinutans)M1701为产酶菌,培养基条件为(g/L):玉米芯粉,47;酵母浸膏,6;大豆蛋白胨,11;NaNO3,3;KCl,0.5;KH2PO4,4;MgSO4·7H2O,0.5;FeSO4·7H2O,0.01;吐温-80,0.2;pH6.2;接种量为5×104个孢子/mL,液体发酵转速控制在200r/min,38℃培养5d,培养液经离心得到的上清液即为木聚糖粗酶液。 
3.对木聚糖酶粗酶液进行提纯,通过40%-70%硫酸铵沉淀、CM Sepharose Fast Flow离子交换层析和Sepharose high performance离子交换柱层析后,得到分子量约为21kDa的纯木聚糖酶。其SDS-PAGE和酶谱分析结果见附图1。 
4.木聚糖酶酶解:以玉米芯木聚糖粗品为底物,底物浓度为2%,加酶量为500U/g底物,反应温度为50℃,酶解时间24h。在此条件下所得木聚糖酶解液中主要成分为木二糖至木五糖。 
附图说明
图1为Aspergillus viridinutans M1701木聚糖酶纯酶的SDS-PAGE(a)和酶谱分析(b)图。 
(注:列M,低分子量标准蛋白;列E,纯酶蛋白;列Z,纯酶酶谱。) 
图2为Aspergillus viridinutans M1701木聚糖酶酶解玉米芯木聚糖粗品过程中,不同时间所得低聚木糖的产物薄层层析图。(注:列M,木糖至木五糖标准品;其余列的数字表示水解 时间。) 
生物材料样品保藏说明 
保藏单位  中国微生物菌种保藏管理委员会普通微生物中心 
地址  北京市朝阳区北辰西路1号院中国科学院微生物研究所 
保藏日期  2011年5月9日 
保藏编号  CGMCC NO.4833 
分类命名  绿垂曲霉Aspergillus viridinutans 
具体实施方式
本发明以下结合具体实例作进一步说明,但并不是限制本发明。 
步骤1:将干燥后的玉米芯,粉碎成0.075mm-0.18mm的玉米芯粉,作为发酵的原料; 
步骤2:液体发酵得Aspergillus viridinutans M1701的木聚糖酶粗酶液,通过生化方法纯化得内切木聚糖酶。 
步骤3:将玉米芯粉40℃水浴预处理1h后取滤渣,用10%(w/v)的NaOH溶液浸泡(按固液比1∶10),煮沸2h后趁热过滤,取滤液,用浓盐酸调pH至7.0,蒸馏水洗涤并离心分离5-6次,至上清液澄清,取沉淀物,即为玉米芯木聚糖粗品。 
步骤4:以上述玉米芯木聚糖粗品为底物,底物浓度为1%,加酶量为20U/g底物,在50℃恒温振荡酶解24h。在沸水裕中煮10min灭酶,离心,分离,收集上清液,即为低聚木糖糖液。 

Claims (1)

1.一种内切型木聚糖酶的制备方法,其特征在于:
a.处理玉米芯原料:将无虫蛀、无霉变、干燥的玉米芯,粉碎至0.075mm-0.18mm的玉米芯粉,作为发酵的底物;
b.以绿垂曲霉(Aspergillus viridinutans)M1701 CGMCC No.4833为产酶菌,培养基条件为:玉米芯粉,47g/L;酵母浸膏,6g/L;大豆蛋白胨,11g/L;NaNO3,3g/L;KCl,0.5g/L;KH2PO4,4g/L;MgSO4·7H2O,0.5g/L;FeSO4·7H2O,0.01g/L;吐温-80,0.2g/L;pH6.2;接种量为5×104个孢子/mL,液体发酵转速控制在200r/min,38℃培养5d,该培养液经离心得到的上清液即为木聚糖粗酶液;
c.对绿垂曲霉M1701产生的木聚糖粗酶液进行提纯,通过40%-70%硫酸铵沉淀、CMSepharose Fast Flow离子交换层析和Sepharose high performance离子交换柱层析后,纯酶分子量约为21kDa,该酶可生产出木糖含量低、聚合度为2至5的低聚木糖,并具有改善馒头的品质的作用。 
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