CN102268031B - 合成埃坡霉素碳1-6片段的中间体、合成方法和用途 - Google Patents
合成埃坡霉素碳1-6片段的中间体、合成方法和用途 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明属于药物合成技术领域,具体涉及一种合成埃坡霉素碳1-6片段的中间体、合成方法和用途,具有如下的结构式。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于药物合成技术领域,具体涉及一种合成埃坡霉素碳1-6片段的中间体、合成方法以及用于合成埃坡霉素碳1-6片段的用途。
背景技术
埃坡霉素,英文名epothilone,为具有抗癌活性的大环内酯,研究表明其抗癌机制与紫杉醇类似,即抑制微管解聚从而抑制细胞分裂,但其结构比紫杉醇简单得多,且水溶性更好,易于成药,且对紫杉醇耐药瘤株有效。2007年10月美国FDA批准BMS公司研发的epothilone B的酰胺类似物伊莎贝隆(ixabepilone)用于其他化疗药物无效的晚期或转移性乳腺癌的治疗。
1-1埃坡霉素A,B(epothilone A,B),伊莎贝隆(ixabepilone)
由于埃坡霉素分子结构相对简单,有可能通过化学合成的手段大规模生产。国际和国内超过十个研究组进行了埃坡霉素的全合成研究,国外如美国Danishefsky研究组:Angew.Chem.Int.Ed.1996,35,2801-2803;J.Am.Chem.Soc.1997,119,2733-2734;J.Am.Chem.Soc.1997,119,10073-10092;美国Nicolaou研究组:Angew.Chem.Int.Ed.1996,35,2399-2401;Angew.Chem.Int.Ed.1997,36,166-168;Angew.Chem.Int.Ed.1997,36,525-527;J.Am.Chem.Soc.1997,119,7974-7991;国内刘志煜研究组:Chem.Eur.J.2002,8,3747-3756;CN99124010.3,异埃坡霉素、合成方法及用途;CN99124008.1,埃坡霉素中间体碳1-6片段化合物及其用途;CN 99124009.X,埃坡霉素中间体碳1-6片段的合成新方法。分析这些文献可知,在合成epothilone及其类似物时,碳1-6片段(1)是合成埃坡霉素的通用关键中间体。
碳1-6片段(1)含有一个手性二级羟基,一个偕二甲基取代的季碳中心,一个酮羰基,以及一个羧基,合成关键是高对映选择性地建立手性二级羟基。国内外已有几篇关于该C1-C6片段的合成专利,如CN1254708,CN1418881以及DE10051136,但是都存在不足之处。
发明内容
本发明要解决的问题是提供一种埃坡霉素碳1-6片段(1)的合成中间体;
本发明要解决的问题是提供一种上述埃坡霉素碳1-6片段(1)的合成中间体的合成方法;
本发明要解决的另外一个问题是提供一种上述埃坡霉素碳1-6片段(1)的合成中间体的用途。通用高效的埃坡霉素碳1-6片段(1)的新合成路线。本发明合成路线如反应式1-2所示。
本发明的埃坡霉素碳1-6片段(1)的合成中间体具有如下的结构式:
其中,R2=X(4)或R(5);R1为苄基Bn、对甲氧基苄基PMB、甲氧甲基MOM、三甲硅基TMS、叔丁基二甲基硅TBS、三乙基硅TES、乙酰基Ac、特戊酰基Piv或苯甲酰基Bz;所述的R为烷基,特别是乙基Et;所述的X为卤素Br、卤素I或三氟甲磺酸酯OTf。
本发明中间体的合成方法结合以上各步骤反应说明如下:
a.这步涉及将非手性底物2,2-二甲基-1,3-环戊二酮去对称化,生成手性醇(2),为已知化合物,文献US20040235958以及Journal of the American Chemical Society 2007,129,10346-10347.有合成方法。前者采用酶还原法,后者采用CBS催化还原,本发明采用后一种方法,即CBS,儿茶酚硼烷,优点是操作方便,适合大量制备。
b.将(2)中醇羟基进行保护,优先选择TBS保护基,优先选用反应试剂TBSCl/imidazole,也可用反应试剂TBSOTf/2,6-lutidine,但后者价格昂贵。所述的TBSCl表示叔丁基二甲基氯硅烷;所述的imidazole表示咪唑;所述的TBSOTf表示叔丁基二甲基硅醇三氟甲磺酸酯;所述的2,6-lutidine表示2,6-二甲基吡啶。
c.在有机溶剂中和强碱中,化合物(3)和三氟甲磺酰化试剂反应0.1~2小时得到相应三氟甲磺酸酯;所述的化合物(3)、三氟甲磺酰化试剂和强碱的摩尔比为1∶1~5∶1~5;所述的强碱是六甲基二硅氨基钾(KHMDS)、六甲基二硅氨基钠(NaHMDS)、六甲基二硅氨基锂(LiHMDS)、或二异丙基氨基锂(LDA);所述的三氟甲磺酰化试剂是三氟甲磺酸酐(Tf)2O、Hendrickson试剂[(Tf)2NPh]或Comins试剂[(Tf)2NPyCl]。
d.在有机溶剂中和催化剂存在下,化合物(4)与金属试剂R2-M进行偶联反应0.5~10小时得到(5),所述的化合物(4)与金属试剂R2-M的摩尔比为1∶1~3;所述的化合物(4)与催化剂的摩尔比为1∶0.001~0.2;所述的催化剂为以钯为催化中心的催化剂,例如但不限于Pd(PPh3)4、PdCl2(PPh3)4、Pd(PBu3)4或Buckwald系列催化剂。
e.此步反应为臭氧化断裂双键,可以在反应后用酸处理直接得到酸,也可以还原得到醛,再用亚氯酸钠氧化得到酸。其中,R2=X和R;R1为苄基Bn、对甲氧基苄基PMB、甲氧甲基MOM、三甲硅基TMS、叔丁基二甲基硅TBS、三乙基硅TES、乙酰基Ac、特戊酰基Piv或苯甲酰基Bz;所述的R为C1~6的烷基;所述的X为卤素Br、卤素I或三氟甲磺酸酯OTf;M为Zn、Mg、Li、Cu、Sn、B或Si。
本发明的用于合成埃坡霉素碳1-6片段的中间体、合成方法简便和可以用于合成埃坡霉素碳1-6片段(1)。
具体实施方式
实施例1(S)-3-羟基-2,2-二甲基环戊酮(2)的制备
50mL的蛋形瓶上接恒压滴液漏斗和回流冷凝管,滴液漏斗中加棉花和4A分子筛。加入丁基硼酸(143mg,1.4mmol,10%mmol)、二苯基脯氨醇(355mg,1.4mmol,10%mmol)和甲苯(35mL),加热回流3h,加入二甲基环戊二酮(1.76g,14mmol),加甲苯(28mL)溶解,加N,N-二乙基苯胺(1.13mL,7mmol),冷却至-60℃。Catecholborane(2.75mL,25.2mmol)溶于干燥的甲苯通过自动进样器沿瓶壁缓慢的加到体系中(进样持续2h)。加完后保持-60℃反应2-3小时。用乙醚稀释,加饱和NaHCO3,二氯甲烷萃取三次,干燥,浓缩,过硅胶柱得产物1.10g,产率61%。
手性GC测得ee值为95.9%。GC色谱柱型号:Rt-βDE Xcst,GC条件:50℃保持2min,以3℃/min的速度升至150℃保持5min,以5℃/min的速度升至180℃,柱压为10psi。
1H NMR(CDCl3,400MHz):δ4.05(m,1H),2.52-2.41(m,1H),2.31-2.20(m,2H),1.97-1.86(m,1H),1.04(s,6H)
13C NMR(CDCl3,100MHz):δ221.4,78.2,50.1,34.2,27.7,22.2,16.8
[α]D 24+13.7(c=1.2,CHCl3)。
实施例2(S)-3-(叔丁基二甲基硅氧基)-2,2-二甲基环戊酮(3a)的制备
化合物(2)(729mg,5.7mmol)加至瓶中,加DCM(4mL),加咪唑(1.163g,17.1mmol)搅拌至完全溶解后,加入TBSCl(1.716g,11.4mmol)。16小时后,加饱和NaHCO3淬灭,DCM萃取,干燥,浓缩,硅胶柱层析得目标产物(1.258g),产率91%。
1H NMR(CDCl3,400MHz)δ3.95(m,1H),2.49-2.38(m,1H),2.25-2.09(m,2H),1.88-1.78(m,1H),0.99(s,3H),0.97(s,3H),0.89(s,9H),0.08(s,3H),0.07(s,3H).
13C NMR(CDCl3,100MHz)δ221.4,78.6,50.3,34.2,28.4,25.7,22.1,17.5,-4.6,-5.0.
[α]D 25+28.0(c=0.9,CHCl3).
实施例3(S)-4-(叔丁基二甲基硅氧基)-5,5-二甲基环戊-1-烯基三氟甲磺酸酯(4a)的制备
化合物(3a)(1.13g,4.66mmol),加THF(32mL)冷却至-78℃,加六甲基二硅氨基钾(14.0mL,1M in THF),保持1小时,PhN(Tf)2(5.82g,16.3mmol)溶于THF(18mL)加至体系中,2小时候加饱和NaHCO3淬灭,升至室温后DCM萃取,干燥,浓缩过硅胶柱,得产物1.60g,产率91%。
1H NMR(CDCl3,400MHz):δ5.43(br dd,J1=3.0Hz,J2=2.0Hz,1H),4.00(dd,J1=7.3Hz,J2=6.8Hz,1H),2.53(ddd,J1=15.6Hz,J2=7.3Hz,J3=3.0Hz,1H),2.21(ddd,J1=15.6Hz,J2=6.8Hz,J3=2.0Hz,1H),1.08(s,3H),1.02(s,3H),0.90(s,9H),0.07(s,3H),0.06(s,3H).
13C NMR(CDCl3,100MHz)δ154.0,118.6(q,JC-F=320.3Hz),109.9,78.1,46.3,35.6,25.7,23.6,18.4,-4.6,-5.0.
[α]D 25+9.5(c=0.9,CHCl3)。
实施例4(S)-叔丁基(3-乙基-2,2-二甲基环戊-3-烯基氧)二甲基硅烷(5a)的制备
化合物(4a)(1.42g,3.78mmol)与Pd(PPh3)4(219mg,5%mol)加入250mL瓶中,加THF(75mL)搅拌并降至-78℃换气,加Et2Zn(7.56mL,1.0M in己烷(hexane))。室温反应1小时,加饱和NH4Cl(6mL)淬灭,分液分出上层液体,下层再用二氯甲烷萃取,干燥,浓缩,过硅胶柱得产物803mg,产率83%。
1H NMR(CDCl3,400MHz):δ5.14(m,1H),3.89(dd,J1=7.3Hz,J2=6.8Hz,1H),2.53(ddd,J1=15.6Hz,J2=7.3Hz,J3=3.0Hz,1H),2.21(ddd,J1=15.6Hz,J2=6.8Hz,J3=2.0Hz,1H),1.08(s,3H),1.02(s,3H),0.90(s,9H),0.07(s,3H),0.06(s,3H).
[α]D 25+4.1(c=0.9,CHCl3)。
实施例5(S)-3-(叔丁基二甲基硅氧基)-4,4-二甲基-5-氧代庚酸(1)的制备
化合物(5a)(736mg,2.89mmol)溶于DCM-MeOH(4∶1,75mL),冷却至-78℃,通O3至体系成蓝色并保持不褪色。加醋酸1mL并缓慢升至室温搅拌。浓缩过硅胶柱得产物(565mg),产率65%。所述的DCM是二氯甲烷。
1H NMR(CDCl3,400MHz):δ4.48(dd,J1=3.6Hz,J2=7.0Hz,1H),2.56-2.48(m,2H),2.37-2.31(m,1H),1.14(s,3H),1.09(s,3H),1.01(t,J=7.0Hz,3H),0.85(s,9H),0.06(s,3H),0.05(s,3H).
13C NMR(CDCl3,100MHz)δ215.3,177.7,73.5,52.4,39.1,31.8,25.8,20.8,20.4,18.0,7.5,-4.6,-5.0
[α]D 26-18.4(c=0.95,CHCl3)。
Claims (3)
2.一种合成如权利要求1所述的埃坡霉素碳1—6片段1的中间体的方法,其通过如下步骤(1)~(2)获得:
(1).在有机溶剂中和强碱中,化合物3和三氟甲磺酰化试剂反应0.1~2小时得到相应化合物4;所述的化合物3、三氟甲磺酰化试剂和强碱的摩尔比为1:1~5:1~5;所述的强碱是六甲基二硅氨基钾、六甲基二硅氨基钠、六甲基二硅氨基锂或二异丙基氨基锂;所述的三氟甲酰化试剂是三氟甲磺酸酐、Hendrickson试剂或Comins试剂;
(2).在有机溶剂中和催化剂存在下,化合物4与金属试剂R-M进行偶联反应0.5~10小时得到化合物5,所述的化合物4与金属试剂R-M的摩尔比为1:1~3;所述的化合物4与催化剂的摩尔比为1:0.001~0.2;所述的催化剂为Pd(PPh3)4;
所述的化合物3、化合物4和化合物5分别具有如下的结构式:
其中,R1如权利要求1所述;所述的X为三氟甲磺酸酯;所述的R为乙基;M为Li。
3.一种如权利要求1所述的合成埃坡霉素碳1—6片段1的中间体的用途,其特征是用于合成埃坡霉素碳1—6片段1以及最终合成埃坡霉素。
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