CN102260368A - Polyurethane elastomer damper material and its preparation method - Google Patents
Polyurethane elastomer damper material and its preparation method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a polyurethane elastomer damper material and its preparation method. The polyurethane elastomer damper material is made from the following three components of (A) polymer polyol, (B) polyisocyanates and (C) low-molecular polyol and an ammonia extend crosslinker, and is formed by two steps of polymerization reaction, wherein (A) adopts an optimal combination of polyether and polyester. The elastomer material provided by the invention has excellent mechanical performance, and has remarkably stable rigidity maintenance within service temperature range. The preparation method provided by the invention is applied in the buffering and damping of the elastomer, can be used to greatly reduce the volume and weight of parts in the equipment damping system, and solves the problem that the rigidity of the polyurethane elastomer material changes greatly with the temperature; in the meanwhile, the material provided by the invention has properties of high resilience, low voltage violation, hydrolysis resistance and biodegradation performance, thus expanding the application range of the polyurethane material in the elastomer damping.
Description
One, technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of material of elastomerics vibroshock and the method for preparation thereof.Particularly be a kind ofly to have high-mechanic performance, high low temperature and change and have elastic polyurethane shock-absorber material of good stiffness stability and preparation method thereof down.The elastomerics vibroshock of the wind power plant that the present invention is mainly used in the elastomerics cushioning product of mechanical means and vehicle etc. and the supporting capacity and the rigidity stability of material is had strict demand.
Two, background technology
In the organic elastomer material, polyurethane elastomer has best mechanical property, comprises tensile strength, tear strength and wear resisting property.As high-mechanic elastomerics vibroshock material, polyurethane elastomer is at high rigidity (Shao Er 80A～80D) still can have good caoutchouc elasticity and elongation in the scope, General Purpose Rubber need add filler, sacrifices elasticity and elongation just can reach the required modulus of high-mechanic as cost hardness significantly.Polyurethane elastomer can reach the bearing capacity with the several times of volume General Purpose Rubber under the prerequisite that keeps caoutchouc elasticity and elongation.Be used for the elastomerics bumper and absorbing shock and use, can reduce the volume and weight of equipment shock mitigation system parts significantly, reduce the cost that designs and produces of equipment.Polyurethane elastomer material embodies the good energy absorption to repeated stress to the after reaction characteristics of repeated stress simultaneously, is suitable for very much the elastomerics cushioning material.
Polyurethane elastomer is as elastomerics vibroshock material, and especially the occasion of having relatively high expectations at supporting capacity also used comparatively widely by the abundant cognition of industry, but some characteristics of polyurethane elastomer has limited its application again.Material stiffness is the important indicator of elastomerics vibroshock, and a great deal of application scenario that higher damping requirement is arranged has all proposed strict demand to aspect such as rigidity stability in the rigidity of elastomer material and the whole operating temperature range.As the elastomerics damping of large-scale wind electricity equipment, very high requirement has been proposed simultaneously in physical strength, to of the strict demand of product rigidity in the performances such as velocity of variation, low-temperature performance and compression set of broad operating temperature range to material.The conventional polyurethanes elastomerics satisfies above requirement because of the reason of material structure characteristic simultaneously than difficulty.Mainly show: polyurethane elastomer material has the crystallization tendency of molecular structure, and crystallization property is the textural factor that polyurethane elastomer has the elastomer material optimal mechanical strength, and crystallization degree has significantly influence to polyurethane elastomer rigidity simultaneously.Because the physical strength of polyurethane elastomer depends primarily on the regularity of chemical structure, i.e. the crystallization of polyurethane elastomer tendency, the particularly crystallization of soft chain segment tendency.Promptly be beneficial to the crystalline factor, can both improve elastomeric physical strength.The external factor that influences the generation of polyurethane elastomer molecular crystal is temperature and stress orientation.Yet, the factor of temperature wherein, promptly crystallization degree varies with temperature and the characteristic that significantly changes, is very disadvantageous to the rigidity stability in the product use temperature scope.Like this, just need find optimum balance, make the polyurethane elastomer of preparation be inclined to Grain Full foot material stiffness with the temperature-stable requirement in the crystallization of use temperature scope by the design of prescription and technology; Keep simultaneously and reach higher physical strength, need possess the rapid crystallizing power under the external force alignment conditions; And when the design of Recipe, also need take into account product application to aspect performance requriementss such as the low-temp. low-voltage change of material, biochemical stabilities.
Three, summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind ofly, have higher mechanical mechanics property, rigidity varies with temperature little; The temperature of enbrittling simultaneously is low, rebound resilience good, compression set is little, is subjected to hydrolysis and biological degradation to influence the little polyurethane elastomer cushioning material and the preparation method of goods.
The object of the present invention is achieved like this: it is mainly to be by following (A), (B), (C) three part materials, is formed by the polyreaction of two steps; Wherein:
(A) the oligomer polyol part of polyurethane elastomer material, be combined to form in proportion by polyether glycol and polyester polyol two class materials, wherein polyether glycol comprises: polytetramethylene ether polyvalent alcohol (PTMG), tetrahydrofuran (THF) propylene oxide copolyether polyvalent alcohol, tetrahydrofuran (THF) oxyethane copolyether polyvalent alcohol, propylene oxide polyether glycol, epoxy hexane polyether glycol; Polyester polyol comprises: ε-polycaprolactone polyol, hexanodioic acid hexylene glycol ester polyol, hexanodioic acid propylene glycol ester polyvalent alcohol, tetramethylene adipate polyvalent alcohol.The combination of two class materials can be a kind of separately or 2 kinds of above mixing uses of material in each class; It is main that described polyether component is selected PTMG for use, and polyester is selected PCL for use when being main, and it is 35%～95% that polyethers (PTMG) accounts for oligomer polyol component ratio usable range; It is 75%～95% that other combined situation polyether component account for oligomer polyol component ratio scope.
(B) the polyisocyanic acid ester moiety of polyurethane elastomer material: comprise 1,5-naphthalene diisocyanate (NDI), diphenylmethanediisocyanate (MDI), tolylene diisocyanate (TDI), hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI), isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI), PPDI (PPDI), more than one compositions;
(C) the chain extension-crosslinking agent part of polyurethane elastomer material: refer to aliphatics and aromatic dicarboxylic or the ternary alcohols and the agent of Ammonia urethane chain extension-crosslinking of small molecular weight, comprise ethylene glycol, Diethylene Glycol, propylene glycol, 1.4 butyleneglycols, hexylene glycol, pentanediol, three Hydroxyalkyl methylpropanes, glycerol; Dichloro diaminodiphenylmethane (MOCA), diformazan sulfenyl tolylene diamine (DMTDA), diethylene glycol bis-Aminobenzoate, quinhydrones (beta-hydroxyethyl) ether (HQEE), Resorcinol (beta-hydroxyethyl) ether (HQER); Diisopropanolamine, three Virahol ammonia are separately or mix more than 2 kinds and use.The polyreaction of described two steps is respectively:
(1): (A) with (B) isocyanate-terminated reaction;
(2): (A) product of (B) isocyanate-terminated reaction and the reaction of chain extension-crosslinking (C).
Wherein: (A) and mol ratio (B) are 0.35～0.65 in the isocyanate-terminated reaction;
The temperature controlling range of principal reaction process is at 70 ℃～90 ℃.
In the chain extension-crosslinking reaction (A) (B) product of isocyanate-terminated reaction be 0.7～1.1 with (C) mol ratio.
The end capping mole coefficient of polyisocyanates and oligomer polyol is preferably 1.3～2.8, and more preferably 1.7～2.3; The reaction mole coefficient of low molecular polyvalent alcohol, the agent of ammonia chain extension-crosslinking and isocyanate-terminated polyethers is preferred 0.7～1.1, and more preferably 0.85～1.
The reaction of above-mentioned two steps is the reaction process of liquid polymeric, and production of articles is elastomerics casting or cast die press technology for forming.
Advantage of the present invention is: by the soft chain segment to polyurethane elastomer, be that the oligomer polyol part material of raw material is formed and molecular weight adjustment and choosing, make polarity, the compound with regular structure of polyurethane elastomer soft chain segment, satisfy at low temperature-40 ℃ non-crystallizablely down, external force is orientated rapid crystalline structure needs.Mainly be to improve the chemical regularity of material with even carbonatoms oligomer polyol, and utilize the ehter bond (CH of soft chain segment
2-O-CH
2-) structure makes polyurethane elastomer give good rebound resilience and low-temperature performance, simultaneously also Ceng Qiang polyurethane elastomer material in anti-hydrolysis and biodegradable performance.
The present invention as the process characteristic of elastomerics vibroshock products production is: with the elastomerics anti-vibration article that liquid elastomer is synthetic, pouring forming technology production has the specified shape requirement.Be different from mixing, the die press technology for forming of common solid rubber.Can be in the production of articles of carrying out of efficient economy under the condition of normal pressure.
Adopt the ordinary rubber product of the product of selected material of the present invention and prepared, more excellent physical and mechanical property arranged, the typical range of its salient features and eigenwert such as following table than prior art:
| Project | The typicalness energy range | Typical characteristics | Testing standard |
| Hardness Shao A | 92±5 | 92 | GB/T-531 |
| Tensile strength MPa | ≥40 | 43 | GB/T-528 |
[0020]?
| Tensile yield % | ≥400 | 460 | GB/T-528 |
| Tearing strength KN/M | ≥50 | 96 | GB/T-529 |
| Rebound resilience % | ≥36 | 42 | GB/T1681 |
| Compression set % (70 ℃ * 24h) | ≤30 | 27 | GB/T7759 |
| Temperature limit of brittleness | -40 | Normally | GB/T1682 |
Adopt material of the present invention to compare with the conventional polyurethanes material, rigidity is acted upon by temperature changes and significantly reduces.
With material of the present invention and conventional polyester type polyurethane elastomer material, rigidity surveys as a result with the same sample of variation of temperature situation that condition is compared as follows:
Polyurethane material sample of the present invention+20 ℃ ,-20 ℃ ,+stiffness curve 60 ℃ the time
As shown in Figure 1.
As shown in Figure 2.
Conventional polyester type polyurethane material sample+20 ℃, the stiffness curve-20 ℃ the time:
As shown in Figure 3.
Polyurethane elastomer material of the present invention and preparation method thereof, the main explanation of its raw material and reaction:
(A) oligomer polyol
The oligomer polyol part of polyurethane elastomer material is combined to form in proportion by polyether glycol and polyester polyol two class materials.Wherein polyether glycol comprises: polytetramethylene ether polyvalent alcohol (PTMG), tetrahydrofuran (THF) propylene oxide copolyether polyvalent alcohol, tetrahydrofuran (THF) oxyethane copolyether polyvalent alcohol, propylene oxide polyether glycol, epoxy hexane polyether glycol; Polyester polyol comprises: ε-polycaprolactone polyol, hexanodioic acid hexylene glycol ester polyol, hexanodioic acid propylene glycol ester polyvalent alcohol, tetramethylene adipate polyvalent alcohol.The combination of two class materials can be a kind of separately or 2 kinds of above mixing uses of material in each class.It is main that polyether component is selected PTMG for use, and polyester is selected PCL for use when being main, and it is 35%～95% that polyethers (PTMG) accounts for oligomer polyol component ratio usable range; It is 75%～95% that other combined situation polyether component account for oligomer polyol component ratio scope.
The number-average molecular weight of oligomer polyol preferred 500～3000, the polyether glycol class preferably more preferably comprises polytetramethylene ether polyvalent alcohol, tetrahydrofuran (THF) propylene oxide copolyether polyvalent alcohol, molecular weight more preferably 700～1300, preferred ε-the polycaprolactone polyol of polyester polyols alcohols, tetramethylene adipate polyvalent alcohol, molecular weight more preferably 1500～2500; Consider and the consideration of elastomer crosslinked density that from the reaction mole coefficient average functionality of two quasi-oligomer polyvalent alcohols is preferred 1.8～3.1, more preferably 2～2.3.
(B) polyisocyanates
The isocyanic ester of polyurethanes, refer generally to aromatic series or aliphatic vulcabond, preferred diphenylmethanediisocyanate (MDI), tolylene diisocyanate (TDI), 1,5-naphthalene diisocyanate (NDI), hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI), above more than one compositions of PPDI (PPDI).
Comparatively in the Jing Ji prescription, stress that sizing material stores and manufacturability is stable, more preferably tolylene diisocyanate (TDI), stress more preferably diphenylmethanediisocyanate (MDI) of product rebound resilience; In the comparatively high-end application, mainly stress product high frequency time fatigue lifetime, more preferably 1,5-naphthalene diisocyanate (NDI) and PPDI (PPDI).
The end capping mole coefficient of polyisocyanates and oligomer polyol is preferably 1.3～2.8, and more preferably 1.7～2.3.
(C) low molecular polyvalent alcohol, the agent of ammonia chain extension-crosslinking
Refer to aliphatics and aromatic dicarboxylic or the ternary alcohols and the agent of Ammonia urethane chain extension-crosslinking of small molecular weight, comprise ethylene glycol, Diethylene Glycol, propylene glycol, 1.4 butyleneglycols, hexylene glycol, pentanediol, three Hydroxyalkyl methylpropanes, glycerol; Dichloro diaminodiphenylmethane (MOCA), diformazan sulfenyl tolylene diamine (DMTDA), diethylene glycol bis-Aminobenzoate, quinhydrones (beta-hydroxyethyl) ether (HQEE), Resorcinol (beta-hydroxyethyl) ether (HQER); Diisopropanolamine, three Virahol ammonia are separately or mix more than 2 kinds and use.
During with the end capped prepolymer reaction of TDI, preferred dichloro diaminodiphenylmethane (MOCA), diformazan sulfenyl tolylene diamine (DMTDA); During with the end capped prepolymer reaction of MDI, preferred 1.4 butyleneglycols, quinhydrones (beta-hydroxyethyl) ether (HQEE), Resorcinol (beta-hydroxyethyl) ether (HQER); During with the end capped prepolymer reaction of NDI, preferred 1.4 butyleneglycols, ethylene glycol, Diethylene Glycol.
The reaction mole coefficient of low molecular polyvalent alcohol, the agent of ammonia chain extension-crosslinking and isocyanate-terminated polyethers is preferred 0.7～1.1, and more preferably 0.85～1.
The auxiliary agent of polyurethane elastomer material:
When the present invention is directed to the specific product application, may use the polyurethane material common agent and regulate product appearance, production technique efficient, production cost etc., but these auxiliary agents do not determine the salient features of material of the present invention.
Auxiliary agent comprises: the tinting material of polyurethane elastomer, and versicolor colour polyurethane paste, toner, general consumption accounts for 0.01%～2% of elastomerics gross weight; The catalyzer of control polyurethane elastomer shaping efficiency, as triethylenediamine, triethylamine, stannous octoate, dibutyl tin dilaurate, oleic acid, stannous octoate, lead octoate 36, Phenylmercuric Acetate, phenylmercuric propionate separately or mix more than 2 kinds and use, general consumption accounts for 0.01%～3% of elastomerics gross weight; Other urethane auxiliary agents also comprise weighting agent, softening agent, hydrolysis stabilizer, releasing agent.
Its preparation method is as follows:
The polymer polyatomic alcohol component is pressed formulation ratio, under the certain temperature condition, carries out vacuum hydro-extraction.With the polyisocyanates hybrid reaction, control reaction temperature was reacted under whipped state 1.5～3 hours between 70～85 ℃, made performed polymer; Performed polymer is poured into a mould by the design proportion short mix with chain extension-crosslinking agent and catalyzer etc. being no more than under 130 ℃ the temperature.
Four, description of drawings
Accompanying drawing 1 be polyurethane material sample-20 of the present invention ℃ ,+stiffness curve figure 20 ℃ the time
Accompanying drawing 2 be polyurethane material sample of the present invention+60 ℃ ,+stiffness curve figure 20 ℃ the time.
Stiffness curve figure when accompanying drawing 3 is a conventional polyester type polyurethane material sample+20 ℃ ,-20 ℃.
Five, embodiment
Embodiments of the invention: " part " in following examples is meant weight part
Embodiment one
Prescription: (A) polymer polyatomic alcohol
80 parts of polytetramethylene ether polyvalent alcohols
ε-polycaprolactone polyol 20
(B) polyisocyanates
29.5 parts of tolylene diisocyanates (TDI)
(C) chain extension-crosslinking agent
10 parts of dichloro diaminodiphenylmethane (MOCA)
5 parts of diformazan sulfenyl tolylene diamines (DMTDA)
Its preparation method:
The dehydration of the 10kg polymer polyatomic alcohol that configures in proportion, under 110～130 ℃ of temperature condition, carry out vacuum hydro-extraction to water-content less than 0.5 ‰.The tolylene diisocyanate that adds 2.95kg when being cooled to 70 ℃, control reaction temperature are between 80～85 ℃, and reaction is 2 hours under whipped state, makes performed polymer; Get performed polymer 1000g under 100 ℃ temperature with MOCA 100g, DMTDA 50g by hand pouring procedure mix, fast stir about is 60 seconds; Vacuum outgas 2～3 minutes; Be poured in 100 ℃ the mould demoulding after 24 hours, test performance after the room temperature more than 24 hours is parked.
Embodiment two
Prescription: (A) polymer polyatomic alcohol
90 parts of tetrahydrofuran (THF) propylene oxide copolyether polyvalent alcohols
10 parts of polyester such as tetramethylene adipate polyvalent alcohol
(B) polyisocyanates
38 parts of diphenylmethanediisocyanates (MDI)
(C) chain extension-crosslinking agent
1.4 21.8 parts of butyleneglycols
Its preparation method:
The dehydration of 200kg polymer polyatomic alcohol, under 120～130 ℃ of temperature condition, carry out vacuum hydro-extraction in 1 hour to water-content less than 0.5 ‰.Be cooled to the diphenylmethanediisocyanate of 60 ℃ of adding of following times 76kg, control reaction temperature is between 75～80 ℃, and reaction is 2 hours under whipped state, makes performed polymer.Get performed polymer and be transferred in the polyurethane elastomer casting machine performed polymer storage tank 100 ℃ of design temperatures; 1.4 fourth in casting molding machine linking agent storage tank, is set 65 ℃ of its temperature.Adjusting mixing head volume pump ratio is 138: 21.8, in the polyurethane elastomer centrifugal shaper by cast polyurethane machine casting mixture to 100 ℃, the demoulding after 2 hours, elastomer sheet after the demoulding is through 100 ℃ * 24 hours post curing, parks the back test performance again under the room temperature at least in 24 hours.
Claims (4)
1. elastic polyurethane shock-absorber material and preparation method thereof, it is characterized in that: it is by following (A), (B), (C) three kinds of main components, is formed by the reaction of two steps; Wherein:
(A) the oligomer polyol part of polyurethane elastomer material, be combined to form in proportion by polyether glycol and polyester polyol two class materials, wherein polyether glycol comprises: polytetramethylene ether polyvalent alcohol (PTMG), tetrahydrofuran (THF) propylene oxide copolyether polyvalent alcohol, tetrahydrofuran (THF) oxyethane copolyether polyvalent alcohol, propylene oxide polyether glycol, epoxy hexane polyether glycol; Polyester polyol comprises: ε-polycaprolactone polyol (PCL), hexanodioic acid hexylene glycol ester polyol, hexanodioic acid propylene glycol ester polyvalent alcohol, tetramethylene adipate polyvalent alcohol.The combination of two class materials can be a kind of separately or 2 kinds of above mixing uses of material in each class;
(B) the polyisocyanic acid ester moiety of polyurethane elastomer material: comprise 1,5-naphthalene diisocyanate (NDI), diphenylmethanediisocyanate (MDI), tolylene diisocyanate (TDI), hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI), isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI), PPDI (PPDI); More than one compositions;
(C) the chain extension-crosslinking agent part of polyurethane elastomer material: refer to aliphatics and aromatic dicarboxylic or the ternary alcohols and the agent of Ammonia urethane chain extension-crosslinking of small molecular weight, comprise ethylene glycol, Diethylene Glycol, propylene glycol, 1.4 butyleneglycols, hexylene glycol, pentanediol, three Hydroxyalkyl methylpropanes, glycerol; Dichloro diaminodiphenylmethane (MOCA), diformazan sulfenyl tolylene diamine (DMTDA), diethylene glycol bis-Aminobenzoate, quinhydrones (beta-hydroxyethyl) ether (HQEE), Resorcinol (beta-hydroxyethyl) ether (HQER); Diisopropanolamine, three Virahol ammonia are separately or mix more than 2 kinds and use.
2. a kind of elastic polyurethane shock-absorber material as claimed in claim 1 and preparation method thereof, it is characterized in that: (A) the oligomer polyol part of polyurethane elastomer material, be combined to form in proportion by polyether glycol and polyester polyol two class materials, it is main that polyether component is selected PTMG for use, polyester is selected PCL for use when being main, and it is 35%～95% that polyethers (PTMG) accounts for oligomer polyol component ratio usable range; It is 75%～95% that other combined situation polyether component account for oligomer polyol component ratio scope.
3. a kind of elastic polyurethane shock-absorber material as claimed in claim 1 and preparation method, it is characterized in that: the reaction of described two steps is respectively:
(1): (A) with (B) be isocyanate-terminated reaction, (A) and mol ratio (B) be 0.35～0.65, the temperature controlling range of principal reaction process is at 70 ℃～90 ℃.
(2): (A) with (B) reaction product and the reaction of chain extension-crosslinking (C), (A) (B) reaction product and mol ratio (C) are 0.7～1.1.
4. as claim 1,2,3 described a kind of elastic polyurethane shock-absorber material and preparation methods, it is characterized in that: the end capping mole coefficient of polyisocyanates and oligomer polyol is preferably 1.3～2.8, and more preferably 1.7～2.3; The reaction mole coefficient of low molecular polyvalent alcohol, the agent of ammonia chain extension-crosslinking and isocyanate-terminated polyethers is preferred 0.7～1.1, and more preferably 0.85～1.
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