CN103923291B - High-performance polyurethane elastomer and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
High-performance polyurethane elastomer and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN103923291B CN103923291B CN201410124379.7A CN201410124379A CN103923291B CN 103923291 B CN103923291 B CN 103923291B CN 201410124379 A CN201410124379 A CN 201410124379A CN 103923291 B CN103923291 B CN 103923291B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/08—Processes
- C08G18/10—Prepolymer processes involving reaction of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen in a first reaction step
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
- C08G18/40—High-molecular-weight compounds
- C08G18/42—Polycondensates having carboxylic or carbonic ester groups in the main chain
- C08G18/4236—Polycondensates having carboxylic or carbonic ester groups in the main chain containing only aliphatic groups
- C08G18/4238—Polycondensates having carboxylic or carbonic ester groups in the main chain containing only aliphatic groups derived from dicarboxylic acids and dialcohols
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
- C08G18/40—High-molecular-weight compounds
- C08G18/42—Polycondensates having carboxylic or carbonic ester groups in the main chain
- C08G18/4266—Polycondensates having carboxylic or carbonic ester groups in the main chain prepared from hydroxycarboxylic acids and/or lactones
- C08G18/4269—Lactones
- C08G18/4277—Caprolactone and/or substituted caprolactone
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/70—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the isocyanates or isothiocyanates used
- C08G18/72—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates
- C08G18/74—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates cyclic
- C08G18/76—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates cyclic aromatic
- C08G18/7614—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates cyclic aromatic containing only one aromatic ring
Abstract
The invention discloses a high-performance polyurethane elastomer and a preparation method thereof. The high-performance polyurethane elastomer comprises two parts, i.e., a prepolymer component (component A) and a chain extender (component B), wherein the component A comprises the following materials in parts by weight: 100 parts of macromolecular dihydric alcohol and 14-35 parts of PPDI; the component B comprises the following materials in parts by weight: 100 parts of chain extender and 0.1-0.5 part of catalyst; the weight ratio of the component A to the component B is 100: 6-15; the chain extender is micromolecular dihydric alcohol, three-functionality-degree alcohol amine, three-functionality-degree alcohol or combination thereof; the micromolecular dihydric alcohol is selected from resorcinol-bi(beta-ethoxyl) ether (HER) or composition of the resorcinol-bi (beta-ethoxyl) ether (HER) and p-hydroquinone-bi(beta-ethoxyl) ether (HQEE) in the weight ratio of 1:0-2. The obtained elastomer material has the advantages that the permanent deformation is small, the resilience is excellent, the heat resistance and the mechanical performance are good and the temperature for the use and the operation of the prepolymer is low.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of high performance polyurethane (PU) elastomer and preparation method thereof, more particularly to excellent resilience
The high performance polyurethane bullet of performance, low compression set ability, good heat resistance, mechanical property and dynamic mechanical
Gonosome.
Background technology
Containing a large amount of polar groups (such as ester group, ether, carbamate groups, urea groups, contracting on polyurethane elastomer strand
Two urea groups and allophanate group etc.), and with very strong intermolecular force and hydrogen bond, it is many excellent so as to give elastomer
Good performance, such as good mechanical performance, including tensile strength, tearing strength and anti-wear performance.And in high rigidity (Shao Er
80A~80D) in the range of still there is good elasticity and percentage elongation, but this intermolecular strong interaction force makes PU elastomers
(such as compression release repeatedly), endogenous heat is serious under dynamic use condition, in life-time service or using the higher situation of temperature
Under, its overall dimensions will change, and the performance such as hardness, intensity, modulus, resilience, compression set declines.So high
The polyurethane elastomer product of load will ensure long-term work, not only need possess appropriate hardness, good mechanical strength, also
There is good rebound performance, low compression set ability.
The polyurethane elastomer material for being used for such product in the market mostly is toluene di-isocyanate(TDI) (TDI)-amine
Chain extender, methyl diphenylene diisocyanate (MDI) -ol class chain extender system, although it is appropriate that TDI elastomeric materials can be prepared
Hardness, and possess good mechanical strength, but the more friendship formed due to the asymmetry structure and amine chain extender of TDI
Connection so that material while possessing higher force intensity, rebound performance and low compression set ability.And for MDI
Based article, temperature affects huge to endogenous heat, during applied at elevated temperature, temperature can be caused to raise, final to affect making for elastomeric article
Use the life-span.
The heat-resisting Journal of Sex Research of Li Xianhui, Pang Kun Wei .PPDI type polyurethane elastomers【J】. polyurethane industrial, 2005,20 (5),
17-20, to make the heat resistance that chain extender have studied PPDI types PUE by oneself, chain extender structures are indefinite.Li Yanfei, Pang Kunwei, area
Will is quick. the synthesis and performance study of PPDI type polyurethane elastomer【J】. polyurethane industrial, 2007,22 (2),
21-24, have studied the thermostability of PPDI type polyurethane elastomers, wherein using with HQEE as chain extender, work as exclusive use
When HQEE is as chain extender, PPDI performed polymers component must keep higher temperature (being not less than 100 DEG C), just can guarantee that casting process
Middle HQEE is not separated out, and this is great inferior position for the PPDI of easy distillation, not only results in performed polymer and goes bad at high temperature, is also held
Environmental pollution is easily caused, and actual bodily harm is caused to operator.
Patent documentation CN102260368A provides a kind of polyurethane elastomer damper material and preparation method, but material
Rebound degree is little, and compression set is big, and it is 27% that characteristic feature performance rebound degree is 42%, compression set.Patent documentation
Polyurethane roller is prepared in CN101796092B by raw material of PPDI, the firming agent of employing contains the BDO of 60~99 weight % and most
The mostly diamine of 40 weight % and the up to catalyst of 1 weight %.BDO easily causes the poly- of PPDI systems as chain extender
Urethane elastomeric material has larger set resistant.
The content of the invention
The invention solves the problems that first technical problem be to provide a kind of high-performance polyurethane elastomer material, the material is kept away
Cause the inferior position of the larger permanent deformation of PU elastomeric materials, and the elasticity for obtaining when having exempted from using BDO as chain extender
Body material still has excellent resiliency energy, good heat resistance and mechanical property.
The invention solves the problems that second technical problem be to provide a kind of preparation side of high-performance polyurethane elastomer material
Method, it is to avoid when using HQEE as chain extender, PPDI performed polymers need higher temperature, and cause PPDI distillations, performed polymer to become
The problem of matter, reduces environmental pollution and the adverse effect to operator's body.
High-performance polyurethane elastomer material of the present invention is by performed polymer component (component A) and chain extender component (B component) two
Part constitutes:
(1) component A, includes in parts by weight:
Macromolecule dihydric alcohol 100
PPDI (PPDI) 14~35
(2) B component, includes in parts by weight:
Chain extender 100
Catalyst 0.1~0.5
AB weight ratio is 100/6~15.
Macromolecule dihydric alcohol of the present invention is selected from polyester diol, the Merlon binary that molecular weight is 1000-3000
Alcohol or PolyTHF dihydroxylic alcohols (PTMG) or its combination.Preferred molecular weight 1000-2000.Wherein, polyester diol includes little
The product of molecule dicarboxylic acids and small molecule dihydroxylic alcohols, the product for also obtaining including various lactones and diol reaction, such as
ε-polycaprolactone diols (PCL) prepared by the reaction such as caprolactone and ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol etc..Preferably molecular weight 1000-
2000 polyadipate system polyester diol, ε-polycaprolactone.
Chain extender of the present invention is small molecule dihydroxylic alcohols, three-functionality-degree hydramine, three-functionality-degree alcohol or its combination.Wherein
Small molecule di-alcoholss chain extender is selected from double (beta-hydroxyethyl) ethers (HER) of resorcinol or double (beta-hydroxyethyl) ethers of resorcinol
(HER) with the compositionss to hydroquinone-bis- (beta-hydroxyethyl) ethers (HQEE), wherein HER/HQEE weight ratio is 1/0~2, preferably 1/
0.5~1.5.Three-functionality-degree alcaminess such as triisopropanolamine (TIPA), three-functionality-degree alcohol chain extender such as trimethylolethane
(TME), glycerol (GLY), trimethylolpropane (TMP), polycaprolactonetriol etc., preferred TIPA, TMP and polycaprolactonetriol,
Its small molecular di-alcoholss chain extender/three-functionality-degree alcohols or alcoholamine chain extender weight ratio are 1/0~2, preferably 1/0~1.8.
Catalyst of the present invention is one or more mixing in tertiary amines, organo-bismuth class or organic tin compound
Thing.The preferred triethylene diamine of tertiary amine catalyst;Organo-bismuth class compound is organic selected from isooctyl acid bismuth and bismuth carboxylate or its combination
The one kind or many of tin compound in stannous octoate (T-9), two sad two fourths stannum and dibutyl tin dilaurate (T-12) etc.
Kind.
The preparation method of high-performance polyurethane elastomer material of the present invention, comprises the following steps:
(1) preparation of component A:By the macromolecule dihydric alcohol of metering at 95~120 DEG C, vacuum -0.098~-
2~3h is dehydrated under 0.1MPa, PPDI is added, 1.5~2.5h is reacted at 70~80 DEG C, vacuum defoamation, cooling discharge, sealing is protected
Deposit;
(2) preparation of B component:Liquid chain extender or the advance chain extender melted as liquid, catalyst are carried out by metering
Stirring, mix homogeneously keeps chain extender to use for liquid condition;
(3) preparation of elastomer:Material cast can be using machine cast or hand dropping, and component A temperature is 75~90 DEG C,
B component temperature is 80~100 DEG C, and two components are sufficiently mixed uniformly, and implantation temperature is in 110~130 DEG C of mould, during the demoulding
Between 30~60min, after the demoulding product need at a temperature of 120~125 DEG C 16~24h of after cure.
Gained high-performance polyurethane elastomer material property of the invention is shown in Table 1.
The high-performance polyurethane elastomer material property of table 1
Hardness/Shao A | 80~98 |
Tensile strength/MPa | 35~55 |
Tearing strength/N/mm | 105~140 |
Percentage elongation/% | 250~600 |
Rebound degree/% | 52~70 |
Compression set/% (70 DEG C/22h) | 8~15 |
R values | <1.2 |
Note:R values are the ratio of storage moduluss (E ') of the material at 75 DEG C and 150 DEG C, and R values are less, illustrate material in height
Endogenous heat under the conditions of temperature is less, and thermostability is then better.
High-performance polyurethane elastomer material of the present invention, it is to avoid cause PU elastomeric materials during using BDO as chain extender
The inferior position of larger permanent deformation, and obtain elastomeric material still have excellent resiliency energy, good heat resistance,
Mechanical property and dynamic mechanical.Avoid when using HQEE as chain extender simultaneously, PPDI performed polymers need higher temperature,
And cause the rotten problem of PPDI distillations, performed polymer, reduce environmental pollution and the adverse effect to operator's body.
Resulting materials of the present invention can be applicable to require that heat resistance is good, load-carrying properties are high, the high-performance poly that dynamic heat build up is little
Urethane rubber roll, rubber tire and bumper and absorbing shock product etc..
Specific embodiment
With reference to embodiments the invention will be further described.
Embodiment 1
(1) preparation of component A:By PCL that 400g number-average molecular weights are 2000 at 95~100 DEG C, under vacuum -0.1MPa
Dehydration 2h, adds 67.6g PPDI, and 1.5h is reacted at 70~80 DEG C, and vacuum defoamation discharges standby.
(2) preparation of B component:After 100g HER are melted at 85 DEG C, (prepared using Propylene Glycol with the catalyst of 0.4g
Triethyl group diamine contents are 33% solution) mix homogeneously, and keep liquid condition.
(3) preparation of elastomer:Component A is maintained at into 75~80 DEG C, B component is maintained at 80~85 DEG C, A/B components according to
After weight is than 100/9 mix homogeneously and deaeration, in pouring into 120 DEG C of mould, the 60min demouldings, 120 DEG C of after cure 20h, room temperature is put
Performance is surveyed after putting 7 days.Resulting materials performance is shown in Table 2.
Embodiment 2
(1) preparation of component A:By PCL that 400g number-average molecular weights are 1000 at 95~100 DEG C, under vacuum -0.1MPa
Dehydration 2h, adds 118g PPDI, and 1.5h is reacted at 70~80 DEG C, and vacuum defoamation discharges standby.
(2) preparation of B component:After 60g HER, 30g HQEE are melted at 100 DEG C, (third is used with the catalyst of 0.45g
The triethyl group diamine contents that glycol is prepared are 33% solution) mix homogeneously, and keep liquid condition.
(3) preparation of elastomer:Component A is maintained at into 75~80 DEG C, B component is maintained at 85~90 DEG C, A/B components according to
After weight is than 100/12 mix homogeneously and deaeration, in pouring into 120 DEG C of mould, the 30min demouldings, 120 DEG C of after cure 20h, room temperature
Performance is surveyed after placing 7 days.Resulting materials performance is shown in Table 2.
Embodiment 3
(1) preparation of component A:By PCL that 400g number-average molecular weights are 1000 at 95~100 DEG C, under vacuum -0.1MPa
Dehydration 2h, after adding 104.5g PPDI, 1.5h is reacted in the case where temperature is for 70~80 DEG C, and vacuum defoamation discharges standby.
(2) preparation of B component:After 50g HER, 50g HQEE and 15.7g TIPA are melted at 100 DEG C, with 0.4gT12
Catalyst mix homogeneously, and keep liquid condition.
(3) preparation of elastomer:Component A is maintained at into 75~80 DEG C, B component is maintained at 85~90 DEG C, A/B components according to
After weight is than 100/8.3 mix homogeneously and deaeration, in pouring into 120 DEG C of mould, the 60min demouldings, 120 DEG C of after cure 20h, room temperature
Performance is surveyed after placing 7 days.Resulting materials performance is shown in Table 2.
Embodiment 4
(1) preparation of component A:By polybutylene glyool adipate that 400g number-average molecular weights are 1000 100~110
DEG C, 3h is dehydrated under vacuum -0.1MPa, 124g PPDI are added, 1.5h is reacted in the case where temperature is for 70~80 DEG C, vacuum defoamation goes out
Material is standby.
(2) preparation of B component:After 60g HER, 30g HQEE are melted at 100 DEG C, (third is used with the catalyst of 0.45g
The triethyl group diamine contents that glycol is prepared are 33% solution) mix homogeneously, and keep liquid condition.
(3) preparation of elastomer:Component A is maintained at into 75~80 DEG C, B component is maintained at 85~90 DEG C, A/B components according to
After weight is than 100/13.4 mix homogeneously and deaeration, in pouring into 120 DEG C of mould, the 60min demouldings, 120 DEG C of after cure 20h, room
Temperature surveys performance after placing 7 days.Resulting materials performance is shown in Table 2.
Comparative example 1
(1) preparation of component A:By PCL that 400g number-average molecular weights are 1000 at 95~100 DEG C, under vacuum -0.1MPa
Dehydration 2h, after adding 118g PPDI, 1.5h is reacted in the case where temperature is for 70~80 DEG C, and vacuum defoamation discharges standby.
(2) preparation of B component:After 60g HQEE are melted at 100 DEG C, (prepared using Propylene Glycol with the catalyst of 0.45g
Triethyl group diamine contents be 33% solution) mix homogeneously, and keep liquid condition.
(3) preparation of elastomer:Component A is maintained at into 100~110 DEG C, B component is maintained at 105~110 DEG C, by A/B groups
Point according to weight than 100/8.8 mix homogeneously simultaneously deaeration after, in pouring into 120 DEG C of mould, the 30min demouldings, 120 DEG C of after cure
20h, room temperature surveys performance after placing 7 days.Resulting materials performance is shown in Table 2.
The resulting materials performance of table 2
Claims (7)
1. a kind of high-performance polyurethane elastomer, by performed polymer component (component A) and chain extender component (B component) two parts group
Into:
(1) component A, includes in parts by weight:
Macromolecule dihydric alcohol 100
PPDI (PPDI) 14~35
(2) B component, includes in parts by weight:
Chain extender 100
Catalyst 0.1~0.5
A, B weight ratio is 100/6~15;
The macromolecule dihydric alcohol is selected from the polyester diol, PCDL or poly- tetrahydrochysene that molecular weight is 1000-3000
Furan dihydroxylic alcohols (PTMG) or its combination;
The chain extender is small molecule dihydroxylic alcohols, and the small molecule dihydroxylic alcohols are selected from double (beta-hydroxyethyl) ethers (HER) of resorcinol
Or double (beta-hydroxyethyl) ethers (HER) of resorcinol and the compositionss to hydroquinone-bis- (beta-hydroxyethyl) ethers (HQEE), wherein HER/
HQEE weight ratio is 1/0~2.
2. high-performance polyurethane elastomer according to claim 1, is characterized in that the polyester diol refers to small molecule
The product that the product of dicarboxylic acids and small molecule dihydroxylic alcohols, various lactones and diol reaction are obtained.
3. high-performance polyurethane elastomer according to claim 2, is characterized in that the polyester diol refers to molecular weight
The polyadipate system polyester diol of 1000-2000, ε-polycaprolactone.
4. high-performance polyurethane elastomer according to claim 1, is characterized in that catalyst refers to tertiary amines, organo-bismuth class
Or one or more mixture in organic tin compound.
5. high-performance polyurethane elastomer according to claim 4, is characterized in that catalyst refers to triethylene diamine, different pungent
One kind or many in sour bismuth and/or bismuth carboxylate, stannous octoate (T-9), two sad two fourths stannum or dibutyl tin dilaurate (T-12)
Kind.
6. a kind of method of the high-performance polyurethane elastomer prepared described in one of claim 1-5, comprises the following steps:
(1) preparation of component A:By the macromolecule dihydric alcohol of metering at 95~120 DEG C, vacuum is under -0.098~-0.1MPa
2~3h of dehydration, adds PPDI, and 1.5~2.5h, vacuum defoamation, cooling discharge, sealing preserve are reacted at 70~80 DEG C;
(2) preparation of B component:Liquid chain extender or the advance chain extender melted as liquid, catalyst are stirred by metering,
Mix homogeneously, keeps chain extender to use for liquid condition;
(3) preparation of elastomer:Material cast can be using machine cast or hand dropping, and component A temperature is 75~90 DEG C, B groups
Divide temperature to be 80~100 DEG C, two components are sufficiently mixed uniformly, implantation temperature is demoulding time in 110~130 DEG C of mould
30~60min, after the demoulding product need at a temperature of 120~125 DEG C 16~24h of after cure.
7. the method for preparing high-performance polyurethane elastomer according to claim 6, it is characterized in that resulting materials have with
Lower performance:
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