CN102255982A - Internet protocol version 4 (IPv4)/IPv6 translation gateway and translation method - Google Patents
Internet protocol version 4 (IPv4)/IPv6 translation gateway and translation method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of computer network communication, and discloses an Internet protocol version 4 (IPv4)/IPv6 translation gateway and a translation method. The translation gateway comprises a scheduling module, a data packet transceiver module, an IPv4/IPv6 address mapping module, an address translation module and a protocol translation module. The translation gateway realizes mutual translation between an IPv4 address and an IPv6 address according to set address mapping and is not required to keep a translation state for long so as to reduce complexity, and can provide full-function services for all hosts of IPv4 and IPv6 networks. In the method, only the stateless translation gateway is required to be installed between the IPv4 network and the IPv6 network without changing structures of the two networks, and does not forward ordinary frames, so conflict domains and broadcast domains of the two networks are substantially isolated to ensure low influence on the two networks.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the computer network communication technology field, be specifically related to transfer gateway and the conversion method of a kind of IPv4/IPv6.
Background technology
TCP/IP protocol suite is the protocol suite that fhe global the Internet adopts, and IP is the agreement of network layer in the TCP/IP protocol suite, is the core protocol of TCP/IP protocol suite.Because the inherent limitation of IPv4 agreement and the shortage of global ip v4 address resource, people's imagination is moved IPv4 to IPv6.When solving the address shortage problem, the introduction of IPv6 improved network entire throughput, improved service quality (QoS, Quality of Service), internet security has better assurance, and supports plug and play and mobility, better realized the multicast function.Yet IPv4 can not finish at short notice to the migration of IPv6, so IPv4 and IPv6 will coexist in a period of time.Yet in order to safeguard an Internet, IPv4 is inevitably to the conversion of IPv6, but studies show that in a large number in network service, search out that to be fit to any environment IPv4 down be very difficult to the conversion of IPv6.
At present, researched and proposed utilization NAT technology by some and supported the conversion of IPv4 to IPv6.But SIIT require to use the IPv6 node of converter,, the IPv6 address by the IPv4 conversion must be arranged, but Routing Protocol need be supported the IPv4 reference address extraly, thereby increase the difficulty of realization during with the IPv4 node communication at it.Dual Stack (RFC 2893 obsolete RFC1933) solution is on each client computer and server dual stack to be installed, though it need not state information, but it has increased the complexity of whole network, and because use is dual stack, just must compose to two addresses (IPv4 every main frame, an IPv6), the situation that lacks for IPv4 address does not now play alleviation yet.NAT-PT (Network Address Translation-Protocol Translation) conversion method need all keep a large amount of transition statuses to each connection, has brought the complexity of operation so to a certain extent; RFC6144/RFC6052 has described the address transition mechanism of a kind of IPv4/IPv6, but the form that embeds the IPv4 address can only be got in the IPv6 address, can not be used for the situation of any clean culture IPv6 address, has limited the flexibility that IPv6 disposes.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to have proposed a kind of IPv4/IPv6 transfer gateway in order to solve the problem of existing IPv4 to the switch technology existence of IPv6.
Technical scheme of the present invention is: a kind of IPv4/IPv6 transfer gateway comprises: scheduler module, transceive data bag module, IPv4/IPv6 address mapping module, address conversion module and protocol conversion module, wherein,
Scheduler module is used to dispatch each module of handling described transfer gateway;
Transceive data bag module is used to realize the transmitting-receiving conversion of packet;
The IPv4/IPv6 address mapping module is used for determining address mapping table according to the size of network server address quantity, the mapping relations between record IPv4 address and the IPv6 address;
Address conversion module, be used to realize the mutual conversion between IPv4 address and the IPv6 address, be specially: when realizing IPv4 to the conversion of IPv6, the destination address of message is according to default address mapping table conversion, and source address is then by increasing the conversion of 96 prefixes; When realizing IPv6 to the conversion of IPv4, the source address of message is according to default address mapping table conversion, and destination address is then by increasing the conversion of 96 prefixes.
Protocol conversion module is used to realize the mutual conversion between IPv4 agreement and IPv6 agreement.
For realizing that purpose of the present invention has also proposed a kind of IPv4/IPv6 conversion method, at first the IPv4/IPv6 transfer gateway judges that the Frame of receiving is IPv4 Frame or IPv6 Frame, and then inspection destination address, if IPv4 reserved address that this frame destination address is not the IPv6 server or the IPv4 reserved address among the IPv6 are then directly transmitted this frame or are abandoned; If what receive is that IPv4 frame and its destination address are the IPv4 reserved addresss of IPv6 server, then this frame is carried out the conversion of IPv4 to IPv6, promptly the destination address of message is changed according to default address mapping table, and with 96 prefixes of source address increase, and then change frame header, calculation check and, package is forwarded in the IPv6 network and goes then; If what receive is that IPv6 frame and its destination address are the reserved address of IPv4 address in IPv6, then this frame is carried out the conversion of IPv6 to IPv4, promptly the source address of message is changed according to default address mapping table, and destination address then increased by 96 prefixes, and then change frame header, calculation check, package is forwarded in the IPv4 network and goes then, and described address mapping table is specially according to the big small records IPv4 address of server address quantity in the network and the mapping relations between the IPv6 address.
Beneficial effect of the present invention: IPv4/IPv6 transfer gateway of the present invention is realized the mutual conversion of IPv4 address and IPv6 address according to the address mapping table of setting, do not need the transition status that keeps a large amount of, reduced complexity, the service of moving to IPv6 allows configuration legal IPv6 unicast address arbitrarily, and provides Full Featured service for the All hosts of IPv4 and IPv6 network.Method of the present invention only need be installed a stateless transfer gateway between IPv4 network and IPv6 network, adopt transfer gateway not change the framework of two kinds of networks later on, because it does not transmit general frame, so the collision domain of two kinds of networks and broadcast domain also are basic the isolation, influence to two kinds of networks is very little, and what transfer gateway took is server migration IPv4 address before, does not increase the weight of IPv4 address depletion problem.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the network architecture schematic diagram of the embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 2 is the system module structural representation of IPv4/IPv6 transfer gateway of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the illustrative view of functional configuration of IPv4/IPv6 transfer gateway of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is the migration schematic diagram that the MSN of the embodiment of the invention serves IPv6.
Embodiment
The invention will be further elaborated below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and specific embodiment.
The present invention is directed to the deficiency of existing IPv4 to the switch technology of IPv6, a kind of IPv4/IPv6 transfer gateway and IPv4/IPv6 conversion method are provided, the IPv4/IPv6 transfer gateway is based on stateless, can between IPv4 and IPv6, play a transformation, IPv4 can be intercomed mutually, the concrete network architecture schematic diagram such as the mistake of IPv4/IPv6 migration with IPv6! Do not find Reference source.Shown in.
The basic thought of stateless IPv4/IPv6 transfer gateway is: the scope by restriction IPv4 host access IPv6 service under the situation of the ability of the client host in not damaging the IPv4 network realizes that IPv4 serves the stateless conversion of IPv6.Scope by restriction IPv4 host access IPv6 service can make these migration server provide the global function service to the All hosts of IPv4 and IPv6 network.In transfer process, the mapping table of IPv4/IPv6 can dispose off-line state, also there is no need record data bag state, is stateless so IPv4 serves the conversion of IPv6.Simultaneously, because the handling capacity of IPv4 and migration service is to be determined by the quantity of IPv4/IPv6 transfer gateway equipment and performance, and have only transfer gateway to be responsible for the IPv4 of migration server and the map addresses between the IPv6, therefore, the equipment of the equipment of IPv4 and IPv6 does not need to change when finishing communication, and allowing a plurality of transfer gateways work together and just can reaching increases the purpose of IPv4 to the IPv6 conversion capacity.
Concrete, the structural representation of IPv4/IPv6 transfer gateway comprises as shown in Figure 2: scheduler module, transceive data bag module, IPv4/IPv6 address mapping module, address conversion module and protocol conversion module, wherein,
Scheduler module is used to dispatch each module of handling described transfer gateway.This module is the control centre of transfer gateway, the scheduling that is used for being responsible for each module is handled, its major function is that the information in the network data frame that receives is analyzed, judged, sends it to corresponding other module according to the result who analyzes and handles.The Frame that corresponding other resume module is crossed all is sent back to here, by the result being judged, and then sends the generation that other module is carried out network frame as required to here, to send physical network to.
Transceive data bag module is used to realize the transmitting-receiving conversion of packet.This module is mainly used in the transmitting-receiving conversion that realizes packet, is the entrance and exit of whole transfer gateway, and its function is the packet that network interface card receives to be intercepted, filter and send to corresponding other module handle; After corresponding other module had been carried out a series of place to packet, this module can be formed a new packet according to the result of returning, and sends it on the network.
The IPv4/IPv6 address mapping module is used for determining address mapping table according to the size of network server address quantity, the mapping relations between record IPv4 address and the IPv6 address.There is the relation of mapping one by one in address mapping table, is used for the bi-directional conversion of IPv4 address and IPv6 address, and the IPv4 address is the former IPv4 address of server in the mapping table, and the IPv6 address is the existing IPv6 of server address.
Address conversion module is used to realize the mutual conversion between IPv4 address and the IPv6 address.Here, the source address of message and destination address are changed respectively in address translation process, be specially: when realizing IPv4 to the conversion of IPv6, the destination address of message is according to default address mapping table conversion, and source address is then by increasing the conversion of 96 prefixes; When realizing IPv6 to the conversion of IPv4, the source address of message is according to default address mapping table conversion, and destination address is then by increasing the conversion of 96 prefixes.When the IPv6 main frame will be visited the IPv4 network, a legal IPv4 address must be arranged, otherwise, when the IPv4 main frame will be visited the IPv6 network, a legal IPv6 address must be arranged, this module is used to realize that IPv4 address and IPv6 address change mutually.
Protocol conversion module is used to realize the mutual conversion between IPv4 agreement and IPv6 agreement.Specifically comprise IPv4-IPv6 converting unit and IPv6-IPv4 converting unit.Wherein, the IPv4-IPv6 converting unit: its function is to convert the IPv4 data packet header to the IPv6 data packet header according to the protocol conversion algorithm, simultaneously to the verification of upper-layer protocol such as TCP, UDP with adjust, the result of the result of protocol conversion and address port conversion writes new IPv6 packet, and sends scheduler module to; The IPv6-IPv4 converting unit: its function is to convert the IPv6 data packet header to the IPv4 data packet header according to the protocol conversion algorithm, simultaneously to the verification of upper-layer protocol such as TCP, UDP with adjust, the result of the result of protocol conversion and address port conversion writes new IPv4 packet, and sends scheduler module to.
The invention allows for a kind of IPv4/IPv6 conversion method, at first the IPv4/IPv6 transfer gateway judges that the Frame of receiving is IPv4 Frame or IPv6 Frame, and then inspection destination address, if IPv4 reserved address that this frame destination address is not the IPv6 server or the IPv4 reserved address among the IPv6 are then directly transmitted this frame or are abandoned; If what receive is that IPv4 frame and its destination address are the IPv4 reserved addresss of IPv6 server, then this frame is carried out the conversion of IPv4 to IPv6, promptly the destination address of message is changed according to default address mapping table, and with 96 prefixes of source address increase, and then change frame header, calculation check and, package is forwarded in the IPv6 network and goes then; If what receive is that IPv6 frame and its destination address are the reserved address of IPv4 address in IPv6, then this frame is carried out the conversion of IPv6 to IPv4, promptly the source address of message is changed according to default address mapping table, and destination address then increased by 96 prefixes, and then change frame header, calculation check, package is forwarded in the IPv4 network and goes then, and described address mapping table is specially according to the big small records IPv4 address of server address quantity in the network and the mapping relations between the IPv6 address.
For the ease of the understanding of the present invention, configuration, address transition and the protocol conversion to the network architecture describes below.
The configuration of the network architecture: as shown in Figure 1, the basic network architecture comprises IPv4 equipment, IPv6 equipment and IPv4/IPv6 transfer gateway equipment such as (IITG, IPv4/IPv6 Translation Gateway).IPv4 equipment intercoms mutually and only uses the IPv4 agreement in intercoming mutually, and simultaneously, IPv6 equipment intercoms mutually and also only uses the IPv6 agreement.The conversion of address when in communication process, having only IITG to be responsible for moving between IPv4 and the IPv6, the IPv4 service just becomes the service of an IPv6 after the IPv6 migration, pass through IITG, any IPv4 equipment can be visited these services that belongs to the IPv6 server of migration, still the same like service at IPv4, same, any IPv6 equipment also can be visited the service after these migrations at an easy rate.Because the handling capacity of IPv4 and migration service is to be determined by the quantity of IPv4/IPv6 transfer gateway (IITG) equipment and performance, therefore, the equipment of the equipment of IPv4 and IPv6 does not need to change when finishing communication, just can reach the purpose of increase IPv4 to the IPv6 conversion capacity by a plurality of IITG are set.
Address transition: as shown in Figure 3, the IITG among the present invention is the equipment of a dual stack, both can be used as IPv4 route work in the IPv4 equipment and also can be used as IPv6 route work in the IPv6 equipment.The IPv4 client can be by adding 96 different standard prefix after different IITG visits the IPv6 service of migration.IITG uses predefined address mapping table (PAMT, Preconfigured Address Mapping Table) to move the IPv4 address to IPv6 address or IPv6 domain name, otherwise also can move the IPv6 address to IPv4 address or IPv4 domain name.For the sake of simplicity, can suppose that IITG is the IPv6 address with the IPv4 address transition always.The service of the IPv4 of those migrations can form the IPv6 address of IPv6 main frame by adding 96 standard prefix, thereby gets in touch with any IPv6 main frame.Move to IPv6 when serving from IPv4, but it still has a virtual IPv4 address (VIPv4), the client of IPv4 can find as former VIPv4 by the DNS of inquiry IPv4.IPv4 packet of equipment transmission as IPv4, packet will be routed to the IITG that serves as the IPv4 router, but packet still is in the IPv4 form, so IITG will convert the packet of IPv4 form to the IPv6 packet format, so that it can transmit in IPv6.IITG inquires about predefined address mapping table, finds the IPv6 address that replaces the message destination address in the migration service.Simultaneously, source address is converted to the IPv6 address by adding 96 standard prefix.Correspondingly, send packet to the IPv4 client when the IPv6 of migration serves, IITG will be transformed into IPv6 to the form of packet from IPv4.
Protocol conversion: mainly be meant the content and form of packet, comprise the conversion of IP header, recomputate the transport layer verification and.In addition, because different protocol formats, the packet fragment need carry out particular processing.Conversion from IPv4 to IPv6 or the conversion from IPv6 to IPv4 are based on the transfer algorithm of agreement, IPv4 converts the header of IPv4 to the transfer algorithm of IPv6 the header of IPv6, and adjust as TCP, the verification of the high-level agreement of UDP and, the result who obtains will be written to a new IPv6 packet.
As shown in figures 1 and 3, Fig. 1 is a network structure model of the present invention, comprises several IPv4 equipment among the figure, and several IPv6 equipment, IPv4/IPv6 transfer gateway and IPv6 server, Fig. 3 are IPv4/IPv6 transfer gateway functional architecture models.
Utilize IPv4/IPv6 transfer gateway of the present invention, realize that the step of IPv4/IPv6 migration is as follows:
Suppose that present former IPv4 server moved to the IPv6 network now and become the IPv6 server.
The configuration of step 1:IPv4/IPv6 transfer gateway: the IPv4/IPv6 transfer gateway is between IPv4 network and IPv6 network edge, need dispose its IPv4 address and IPv6 address (the IPv6 address is its IPv4 address reserved address in IPv6) and two protocol stacks simultaneously.In addition, also need dispose a pre-address mapping table, its effect is: the IPv4/Ipv6 address mapping module of transfer gateway is by pre-address mapping table, is Ipv6 address or Ipv6 domain name with the Ipv4 address transition of each equipment, and vice versa.
Communication request is initiated/accepted to step 2:Ipv4/Ipv6 equipment: when Ipv4 equipment is initiated communication request, do not need because server is moved to the Ipv6 network, and change existing frame framework, just as the Ipv4 server is not moved to the Ipv6 server; Ipv6 equipment then directly and server communicate.
Step 3:Ipv4/Ipv6 transfer gateway is received Frame: when transfer gateway is received Frame, judge that at first this Frame is Ipv4 Frame or Ipv6 Frame, and then inspection destination address, if Ipv4 reserved address that this frame destination address is not the Ipv6 server or the Ipv4 reserved address among the Ipv6 are then directly transmitted this frame or are abandoned; If what receive is that Ipv4 frame and its destination address are the Ipv4 reserved addresss of Ipv6 server, then this frame is carried out the conversion of Ipv4 to Ipv6, according to default address mapping table the destination address of message is changed, and source address is increased by 96 prefixes; If what receive is that Ipv6 frame and its destination address are the reserved address of Ipv4 address in Ipv6, then this frame is carried out the conversion of Ipv6 to Ipv4, according to default address mapping table the source address of message is changed, and with 96 prefixes of address increase, and then change frame header, recomputate verification, package is forwarded in the Ipv6 network and goes then.
Ipv4/Pv6 conversion method based on the stateless transfer gateway goes for the application scenarios that all need the Ipv4 services migrating to serve to Ipv6.The typical case of this research project uses and comprises: instant message (MSN, Trendent QQ, Skype etc.), online popular recreation, RTSP agreement, IPSec, FTP, H.323, SIP, DNS, PPTP, LDAP, SCCP etc.
Illustrate below: Fig. 4 has provided typical scene: a MSN service and has moved to Ipv6 from Ipv4.Migration MSN server allows all client sign-on access, promptly comprises the client of Ipv4 and the Ipv6 of MSN simultaneously.IITG is transparent to all clients, so they just can mutual communication so if the client of the Ipv6 of the Ipv4 client of MSN and MSN is used identical network technology.
The brief comparison that table 1 has carried out classification for method of the present invention and method before, the result shows that the present invention has sizable superiority with respect to existing method.
Table 1
Claims (3)
1. IPv4/IPv6 transfer gateway comprises: scheduler module, transceive data bag module and protocol conversion module, it is characterized in that, and also comprise, IPv4/IPv6 address mapping module, address conversion module, wherein,
Scheduler module is used to dispatch each module of handling described transfer gateway;
Transceive data bag module is used to realize the transmitting-receiving conversion of packet;
The IPv4/IPv6 address mapping module is used for determining address mapping table according to the size of network server address quantity, the mapping relations between record IPv4 address and the IPv6 address;
Address conversion module, be used to realize the mutual conversion between IPv4 address and the IPv6 address, the source address of message and destination address are changed respectively in transfer process, be specially: when realizing IPv4 to the conversion of IPv6, the destination address of message is according to default address mapping table conversion, and source address is then by increasing by 96 prefix conversions; When realizing IPv6 to the conversion of IPv4, the source address of message is according to default address mapping table conversion, and destination address is then by increasing the conversion of 96 prefixes.
Protocol conversion module is used to realize the mutual conversion between IPv4 agreement and IPv6 agreement.
2. IPv4/IPv6 transfer gateway according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described protocol conversion module specifically comprises IPv4-IPv6 converting unit and IPv6-IPv4 converting unit.
3. IPv4/IPv6 conversion method, it is characterized in that, at first the IPv4/IPv6 transfer gateway judges that the Frame of receiving is IPv4 Frame or IPv6 Frame, and then inspection destination address, if IPv4 reserved address that this frame destination address is not the IPv6 server or the IPv4 reserved address among the IPv6 are then directly transmitted this frame or are abandoned; If what receive is that IPv4 frame and its destination address are the IPv4 reserved addresss of IPv6 server, then this frame is carried out the conversion of IPv4 to IPv6, promptly the destination address of message is changed according to default address mapping table, and with 96 prefixes of source address increase, and then change frame header, calculation check and, package is forwarded in the IPv6 network and goes then; If what receive is that IPv6 frame and its destination address are the reserved address of IPv4 address in IPv6, then this frame is carried out the conversion of IPv6 to IPv4, promptly the source address of message is changed according to default address mapping table, and destination address then increased by 96 prefixes, and then change frame header, calculation check, package is forwarded in the IPv4 network and goes then, and described address mapping table is specially according to the big small records IPv4 address of server address quantity in the network and the mapping relations between the IPv6 address.
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| CN112468334B (en) * | 2020-11-13 | 2022-05-24 | 苏州浪潮智能科技有限公司 | Server configuration method, device, equipment and computer readable storage medium |
| CN113518066A (en) * | 2021-03-25 | 2021-10-19 | 国网浙江省电力有限公司衢州供电公司 | Scanning system for address proxy conversion and address conversion method |
| CN116471338A (en) * | 2023-06-20 | 2023-07-21 | 中国电信股份有限公司江西分公司 | IPv6 cloud conversion platform based on SPACE6 protocol conversion technology |
| CN116471338B (en) * | 2023-06-20 | 2023-09-05 | 中国电信股份有限公司江西分公司 | IPv6 cloud conversion platform based on SPACE6 protocol conversion technology |
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