CN102255529A - Comprehensive control method for high-power efficient energy consuming high-frequency switching power supply - Google Patents
Comprehensive control method for high-power efficient energy consuming high-frequency switching power supply Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a comprehensive control method for a high-power efficient energy consuming high-frequency switching power supply. The high-power efficient energy consuming high-frequency switching power supply comprises a three-phase current inverter and a high-frequency DC/DC (Direct Current to Direct Current) converter, wherein the high-frequency DC/DC converter consists of a single-phase full-bridge inverter, a high-frequency coupling transformer and a low-voltage rectifier which are connected in series in sequence; the input end of the three-phase current inverter is connected with a group of three-phase capacitors connected in a Y form, and is connected with a power grid through a three-phase inductor L; and the three-phase current inverter is connected with the single-phase full-bridge inverter of the high-frequency DC/DC converter. According to the method, quick response of a system is realized, change of a load is tracked quickly, efficient power consumption of the system is realized, and the voltage and current distortion factors of the system are decreased.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the control method of Switching Power Supply, specifically is the integrated control method of a kind of large power high efficiency with energy type high frequency switch power.
Background technology
In the application and various power-supply system of power electronic technology, switch power technology all is in core status.At electric automobile, in Frequency Drive and the metallide industry, be unable to do without switch power technology especially, change the electricity consumption frequency by Switching Power Supply, be bordering on desirable load matched and drive controlling thereby reach.Traditional thyristor or diode rectifier circuit are very huge and heavy, if adopt a high switch power technology, its volume and weight all can descend significantly, and can greatly improve power utilization efficient, saves material, reduces cost, and realizes that high efficiency electricity consumption and high-quality electricity consumption combine.
At the large-scale electrolysis electroplating power supply, tradition is electroplated the electrolysis direct current power supply and is adopted Thyristor Controlled rectification pattern, so it is low to work as thyristor operating angle one-hour rating factor, the generation harmonic content is big, directly cause being equipped with power transformer, connection lead, switch equal loss increase, general silicon controlled rectifier capacious also needs to increase extra harmonic wave control and power factor compensation device, makes user's overall cost of ownership increase greatly.
For this reason, the present invention adopts a kind of three-phase electricity flow pattern inverter to carry out efficient PWM rectification, and with respect to voltage source inverter, current source inverter provides constant DC stream, and its direct voltage is adjustable, and is lower than supply voltage.In addition, it is fast that current source inverter has dynamic response, is convenient to four quadrant running, and current limiting capacity is strong, and short-circuit protection reliability height such as can accurately control at advantage in wide region.Utilize the high-frequency PWM modulation technique, opening and the turn-off time of Control current type inverter switching device pipe realizes the purpose of DC side accent stream, its power factor is very high, generally can reach more than 0.95, and harmonic content is very little, has the control precision height, good output waveform, characteristics such as energy saving.The DC/DC conversion side of high frequency switch power adopts a kind of by single-phase inverter, the topological structure that high-frequency coupling transformer and low pressure full-wave rectifier constitute, it can become high-frequency alternating current with dc inverter, be converted to the voltage and current signal of expectation then by high-frequency coupling transformer and low pressure full-wave rectifier, therefore it can realize the high efficiency of transmission of energy, improves the efficient of Switching Power Supply greatly.In addition, high frequency switch power requires also littler to net capacity, same big power supply, and required net capacity can reduce 20-30%.Therefore, high frequency switch power control is fast with its speed, voltage stabilizing/precision of steady current height, power factor (PF) and efficient height, ripple coefficient are low, and the electroplating power supply quality is more had superiority, and becomes the important selection of Switching Power Supply.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is two important component part three-phase electricity flow pattern inverters and high frequency DC/DC converter at the high-power high-frequency switch power supply, proposed a kind of based on bearing power feedforward closed loop control method and based on the current/voltage double loop control of virtual resistance, the variation of load is followed the tracks of in the quick response of realization system rapidly.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is: a kind of large power high efficiency integrated control method of energy type high frequency switch power, large power high efficiency is with comprising three-phase electricity flow pattern inverter by the type high frequency switch power, also comprise by single-phase full-bridge inverter, the high frequency DC/DC converter that high-frequency coupling transformer and low-voltage rectifier are composed in series successively, the electric capacity that one group of three-phase Y of input termination type of three-phase electricity flow pattern inverter connects, and link to each other with electrical network by three pole reactor L, three-phase electricity flow pattern inverter links to each other in high frequency DC/DC converter, and this method may further comprise the steps:
1) calculates amplitude A and the phase angle that three-phase electricity flow pattern inverter AC side is expected input current by bearing power
2) detection of grid current i
Sa, by phase-angle detection device detection of grid electric current phase angle theta, testing result is subtracted each other with expectation 0 value, through PI controller and amplitude limit link, obtains the phase angle control output of three-phase electricity flow pattern inverter output current
3) with phase angle control output
Phase angle with three-phase electricity flow pattern inverter AC side desired output electric current
Addition obtains the commands for controlling signal of phase angle;
4) detect three-phase electricity flow pattern inverter direct-flow side electric current, testing result I
DcWith set-point I
RefSubtract each other,, obtain the amplitude control output Δ A of three-phase electricity flow pattern inverter output current through PI controller and amplitude limit link;
5), obtain the commands for controlling signal of amplitude with the amplitude control output Δ A of inverter output current and the amplitude A addition of three-phase electricity flow pattern inverter AC side desired output electric current;
6) the commands for controlling signal of synthetic phase angle and amplitude obtains the modulation wave signal of three-phase electricity flow pattern inverter:
7) the three-phase modulations signal is carried out high-frequency PWM (pulse width modulation) modulation, obtain the control signal of three-phase electricity flow pattern inverter switch device, driving switch is in control the output voltage current signal of expectation.
The step based on the current/voltage double loop control of virtual impedance to described high frequency DC/DC converter using is:
1) detects load DC side current i
o, testing result and set-point I
rSubtract each other,, obtain direct current outer shroud voltage control output u through PI controller and amplitude limit link;
2) outer shroud is controlled the voltage feedback signal Ki of voltage output signal u and virtual impedance
oSubtract each other, obtain the voltage reference signal of voltage inter-loop
3) detect load dc voltage V
o, testing result and reference value
Subtract each other,, obtain voltage inter-loop control output, be the duty cycle signals d of full-bridge inverter through PI controller and amplitude limit link
o
4) by the high-frequency PWM modulation, obtain the control signal of single-phase full-bridge inverter switching device, driving switch is in control the output voltage current signal of expectation.
Be parallel with reverse fly-wheel diode and electric capacity between the single-phase full-bridge inverter of described three-phase electricity flow pattern inverter direct-flow side and high frequency DC/DC converter, the big inductance of oppositely having connected between fly-wheel diode and the electric capacity.
Below the invention will be further described:
Three-phase alternating current obtains dc voltage and current after carrying out the PWM rectification through three-phase electricity flow pattern inverter.By single-phase inverter dc inverter is become high-frequency alternating current, transform to secondaryly then through the high-frequency coupling transformer, obtain the required voltage magnitude of current through low pressure full-wave rectifier rectifying and wave-filtering again.This programme comprises three-phase electricity flow pattern inverter, single-phase inverter, high-frequency coupling transformer and low pressure full-wave rectifier.Wherein, three-phase electricity flow pattern inverter AC side also connects electric capacity, is connected to electrical network by inductance.Fly-wheel diode of the DC side reverse parallel connection of three-phase electricity flow pattern inverter, the big inductance of connecting afterwards suppresses the pulsation of DC side electric current.
Three-phase electricity flow pattern inverter is realized the efficient utilization of electric energy by adopting the PWM rectifier system of High Power Factor, and reduces the electric current and voltage aberration rate of system, thereby improves the Switching Power Supply operating efficiency greatly.At by single-phase inverter, the high frequency DC/DC converter that high-frequency coupling transformer and low pressure full-wave rectifier constitute, by adopting a kind of current/voltage double loop control based on virtual resistance, realize the constant pressure and flow output of high frequency DC/DC converter, and have the ability of disturbance suppression, improve the reliability of device.By Voltage Feedback method based on virtual resistance, make high frequency DC/DC converter control on have identical output characteristic, be not subjected to the influence of its physics output characteristic, can realize many inverter parallel connections from sharing control.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: the high-power high-frequency switch power supply adopts high-frequency PWM rectification and high-frequency inversion technology, compares with diode rectifier, has the control precision height, good output waveform, energy saving, power factor height, harmonic content are low, isolation is strong, characteristics such as modular construction; Three-phase electricity flow pattern inverter adopts a kind of High Power Factor PWM rectifier system of bearing power feedforward to realize the quick response of system, follow the tracks of the variation of load rapidly, reaching system power by closed-loop control is 1 purpose, realizes the efficient electricity consumption of system, reduces the electric current and voltage aberration rate of system; High frequency DC/DC converter using realizes the stable of output DC stream voltage based on the current/voltage double loop control of virtual resistance; By adopting the Voltage Feedback method of virtual resistance, from controlling the output characteristic that changes high frequency DC/DC converter, realize many high frequency DC/DC converters in parallel from sharing control, thereby saved complicated communication system, reduce cost, improved the Switching Power Supply reliability greatly.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the integrated control method block diagram of high-power high-frequency switch power supply;
Fig. 2 is the single-phase equivalent model of three-phase electricity flow pattern inverter;
Fig. 3 is the bearing power feedfoward control block diagram of three-phase electricity flow pattern inverter;
Fig. 4 is the equivalent model of high frequency DC/DC converter; (a) be the equivalent model of separate unit high frequency DC/DC converter; (b) be the equivalent model of two high frequency DC/DC converters parallel connection;
Fig. 5 is the current/voltage dicyclo control block diagram based on virtual resistance of high frequency DC/DC inverter.
Wherein:
1: three-phase electricity flow pattern inverter; 2: single-phase full-bridge inverter; 3: the high-frequency coupling transformer; 4: full-wave rectifier.
Embodiment
Referring to Fig. 1, be the Comprehensive Control block diagram of high-power high-frequency switch power supply.Wherein, be made of two parts on the high-power high-frequency switch power source integral, a part is a three-phase electricity flow pattern inverter 1, and three-phase alternating current is transformed to direct current; Another part is by single-phase full-bridge inverter 2, the high frequency DC/DC converter that high-frequency coupling transformer 3 and low-voltage rectifier 4 constitute, by single-phase inverter direct current is converted to high-frequency alternating current, by the high-frequency coupling transformer energy delivery is arrived low-pressure side then, change high-frequency ac power into direct current by low-voltage rectifier afterwards, behind the wave circuit, output galvanic current piezoelectricity flows, and realizes the high efficiency of transmission of energy so after filtration.
The integrated control method of high-power high-frequency switch power supply also is made up of two parts, and the one, the control method based on the bearing power feedforward of three-phase electricity flow pattern inverter 1, quick, the high efficiency rectification of realization three-phase electricity flow pattern inverter 1 are followed the tracks of the variation of load; The 2nd, high frequency DC/DC converter based on the control of the current/voltage dicyclo of virtual resistance, guarantee the electric current and voltage output that high frequency DC/DC converter is stable, the Voltage Feedback mode by virtual resistance realize many high frequency DC/DC converters in parallel from sharing control.Concrete description sees below.
Referring to shown in Figure 2, be the single-phase equivalent model of three-phase electricity flow pattern inverter.Among the figure, U
SBe the line voltage phasor, L is an electric network impedance, and C is three-phase electricity flow pattern inverter AC side and connects capacitance.According to the characteristic of current source inverter, the output of inverter AC side can equivalence be a controlled current source I
CSI
SAnd I
CBe respectively AC side electrical network and capacitance current phasor.Circuit principle of stacking according to kirchhoff then has following equation:
Wherein, w is an electrical network first-harmonic angular frequency.Can push away thus:
I
CS＝U
S*jwC-I
S(1-w
2LC) (2)
Suppose U
SThe power network current I of 0 ° of=U ∠ and expectation
S=I
S∠ θ.Wherein, the meritorious and idle component of power network current is:
Then can calculate
Wherein have:
The PWM rectifier system of supposing to carry out High Power Factor by three-phase electricity flow pattern inverter can reduce the aberration rate of system voltage electric current greatly to the DC side electric, realizes the high efficiency of transmission of energy.Ideally, think that the switching loss of system is 0, then following formula arranged according to energy balance principles:
3UI?cosθ/2＝P
D (5)
Wherein U, I, θ and P
DBe respectively grid side phase-voltage phase-current amplitude, power-factor angle and DC side bearing power.Behind system stable operation, by the PWM rectifier system of High Power Factor, the power factor that can realize system is 1.This moment, the power-factor angle θ of system was 0, and then Qi Wang power network current phasor is:
With following formula substitution formula (4), can calculate the amplitude and the phase angle of current source inverter desired output electric current:
Referring to Fig. 3, be the bearing power feed forward control method of current source inverter.In order to realize the effective energy of high-power high-frequency switch power supply, the present invention proposes a kind of closed loop control method based on the bearing power feedforward.At first,, can realize the feedfoward control of bearing power like this, follow the tracks of the variation of bearing power rapidly by detecting amplitude and the phase angle that bearing power can calculate current source inverter desired output electric current.By adopting the closed loop control method of power network current power-factor angle, the system power factor is 1 purpose when realizing stable state, realizes the effective energy of system; By adopting the closed loop control method of DC side electric current, realize the stable of DC side electric current, improve the static properties of device.
Among the figure, I
RefFor flowing through the inverter direct-flow side inductance L
dThe set-point of electric current, I
DcFor flowing through the inverter direct-flow side inductance L
dThe actual value of electric current, A and
Can obtain by formula (7).
This control mode concrete steps based on the bearing power feedforward are as follows:
1), calculates the amplitude A and the phase angle of three-phase electricity flow pattern inverter AC side expectation input current by bearing power by formula (7)
2) detection of grid current i
Sa, by phase-angle detection device detection of grid electric current phase angle theta, testing result is subtracted each other with expectation 0 value, through PI controller and amplitude limit link, obtains the phase angle control output of three-phase electricity flow pattern inverter output current
Closed-loop control that so just can be by system power factor angle reaches the systematic steady state power factor and is 1 purpose, realizes the effective energy of system;
3) with phase angle control output
Phase angle with three-phase electricity flow pattern inverter AC side desired output electric current
Addition obtains the commands for controlling signal of phase angle;
4) detect three-phase electricity flow pattern inverter direct-flow side electric current, testing result I
DcWith set-point I
RefSubtract each other,, obtain the amplitude control output Δ A of three-phase electricity flow pattern inverter output current through PI controller and amplitude limit link.So just can realize the stable of DC side electric current, reduce the distortion of the output voltage electric current of system, improve the stability and the compensation performance of device by the closed-loop control of DC side electric current;
5), obtain the commands for controlling signal of amplitude with the amplitude control output Δ A of inverter output current and the amplitude A addition of three-phase electricity flow pattern inverter AC side desired output electric current;
6) the commands for controlling signal with phase angle and amplitude synthesizes, and obtains the modulation wave signal of three-phase electricity flow pattern inverter:
7) by the high-frequency PWM modulation, obtain the control signal of three-phase electricity flow pattern inverter switch device, driving switch is in control the output voltage current signal of expectation.
The amplitude limit link is that the amplitude with output signal is limited in certain scope, and promptly after input signal surpasses or is lower than a certain reference value, output voltage will be limited in a certain threshold value, and not change with input voltage.
In order to realize the efficient high-quality of high-power high-frequency switch power supply, the present invention proposes a kind of closed loop control method based on the bearing power feedforward with energy.Adopt a kind of High Power Factor PWM method for rectifying of bearing power feedforward, follow the tracks of the variation of bearing power rapidly, improved the dynamic compensation performance of device.By adopting the closed loop control method of power-factor angle and DC side electric current, can realize the High Power Factor operation of system and stablizing of DC side electric current, improve the efficient and the stability of system.At last,, realize the efficient utilization of electric energy, reduce the distortion of system's output voltage electric current by adopting efficient PWM method for rectifying.
Referring to Fig. 4, be the equivalent model of high frequency DC/DC converter.(a) being the equivalent model of separate unit high frequency DC/DC converter, (b) is the equivalent model of two high frequency DC/DC converters parallel connection.Wherein, high frequency DC/DC converter is by single-phase full-bridge inverter, and high-frequency coupling transformer and low pressure full-wave rectifier constitute.Purpose is that dc inverter is become high-frequency alternating current, obtains the dc voltage and current signal that needs through high-frequency coupling transformer and low pressure full-wave rectifier again.By the high-frequency inversion mode, realize the high efficiency of transmission of energy.
Among the figure (a), E is a DC power supply; U is the output voltage of high frequency DC/DC converter; i
oOutput current for high frequency DC/DC converter; R
oInternal resistance for high frequency DC/DC converter; V
oAnd R
LBe respectively the voltage and the load of public connecting end.
According to circuit theory, following voltage-current relationship is arranged:
V
o＝u-R
oi
o (9)
Can see that from following formula the fan-out capability of high frequency DC/DC converter is subjected to the influence of its internal resistance, internal resistance is more little, and its fan-out capability is strong more.The internal resistance of different high frequency DC/DC converters is generally different, in the time will carrying out parallel connection to a plurality of high frequency DC/DC converters, adopt suitable current-sharing control method to realize the current-sharing operation of each high frequency DC/DC converter.
Among the figure (b), E is a DC power supply; u
1And u
2Output voltage for high frequency DC/DC converter; i
1And i
2Output current for high frequency DC/DC converter; R
1And R
2Internal resistance for high frequency DC/DC converter; V
oAnd R
LBe respectively the voltage and the load of public connecting end.
According to circuit theory, following voltage-current relationship is arranged:
Can see that from following formula because the difference of two module output characteristic can cause two modules under the identical voltage condition of output, the electric current of output is unequal.If it is unreasonable that the control of the output voltage of high frequency DC/DC converter is gone up, it is unequal to cause the electric current branch to be mixed, and then produces very big circulation.The circulation expression formula is as follows:
i
H＝|i
1-i
2|/2 (11)
This circulation not only influences the service behaviour of high-frequency inverter, further may damage high frequency switch power.At industries such as metallurgy, plating, it requires the electric current and voltage of power supply output is constant current-sharing, if deviation occurs, will have a strong impact on the quality of producing product, causes enormous economic loss.
Referring to Fig. 5, be the current/voltage double loop control based on virtual impedance of high frequency DC/DC converter.In order to realize the stable output of high frequency DC/DC converter constant pressure and flow, the present invention proposes a kind of current/voltage double loop control based on virtual impedance, concrete steps are as follows:
1) detects load DC side current i
o, testing result and set-point I
rSubtract each other,, obtain direct current outer shroud control output u through PI controller and amplitude limit link;
2) outer shroud is controlled the feedback voltage signal K*i of output signal u and virtual impedance
oSubtract each other, obtain the reference value signal of voltage inter-loop
Have:
Like this, with high frequency DC/DC converter from the control variable power supply that to invent an internal resistance be K.By rational selection K value (generally will be far longer than its internal resistance), the output characteristic that makes high frequency switch power is not subjected to the restriction of its physics internal resistance in control, from controlling the output characteristic of change system, the Immunity Performance of raising device.Especially, when many high frequency DC/DC converters are in parallel, a shared K value simultaneously, they have identical output characteristic on controlling like this, by closed loop control method can realize many high frequency DC/DC converters in parallel from sharing control.
3) detect load dc voltage V
o, testing result and set-point
Subtract each other,, obtain voltage inter-loop control output, be the duty cycle signals d of full-bridge inverter through PI controller and amplitude limit link
o
4) by the high-frequency PWM modulation, obtain the control signal of single-phase full-bridge inverter switching device, driving switch is in control the output voltage current signal of expectation.
For the steady-state behaviour of the output voltage electric current that improves high frequency switch power, the present invention proposes a kind of double loop control of current/voltage, guarantee that system's output current voltage is stable.By adopting Voltage Feedback method based on virtual resistance, high frequency DC/DC converter is invented one from control have the variable power supply that internal resistance is K, be not subjected to the restriction of its physics internal resistance like this in the high frequency switch power control, have controlled output characteristic and fan-out capability, improved the adaptive capacity of device greatly, and, can improve the vulnerability to jamming and the stability of device by the feedback of virtual impedance voltage.When many Switching Power Supplies are in parallel, adopt an identical K value, the output characteristic that each Switching Power Supply is had in control, by closed loop control method can realize many high frequency switch powers in parallel from sharing control, do not need complicated signal interactive system to carry out the current-sharing information communication like this, reduce the cost of device, improve the unfailing performance of device greatly.
Claims (3)
1. a large power high efficiency is with integrated control method that can the type high frequency switch power, large power high efficiency is with comprising three-phase electricity flow pattern inverter by the type high frequency switch power, also comprise the high frequency DC/DC converter that is composed in series successively by single-phase full-bridge inverter, high-frequency coupling transformer and low-voltage rectifier, the electric capacity that one group of three-phase Y of input termination type of three-phase electricity flow pattern inverter connects, and link to each other with electrical network by three pole reactor L, three-phase electricity flow pattern inverter links to each other with the single-phase full-bridge inverter of high frequency DC/DC converter, it is characterized in that this method may further comprise the steps:
1) calculates amplitude A and the phase angle that three-phase electricity flow pattern inverter AC side is expected input current by bearing power
2) detection of grid current i
Sa, by phase-angle detection device detection of grid electric current phase angle theta, testing result is subtracted each other with expectation 0 value, through PI controller and amplitude limit link, obtains the phase angle control output of three-phase electricity flow pattern inverter output current
3) with phase angle control output
Phase angle with three-phase electricity flow pattern inverter AC side desired output electric current
Addition obtains the commands for controlling signal of phase angle;
4) detect three-phase electricity flow pattern inverter direct-flow side electric current, testing result I
DcWith set-point I
RefSubtract each other,, obtain the amplitude control output Δ A of three-phase electricity flow pattern inverter output current through PI controller and amplitude limit link;
5), obtain the commands for controlling signal of amplitude with the amplitude control output Δ A of inverter output current and the amplitude A addition of three-phase electricity flow pattern inverter AC side desired output electric current;
6) the commands for controlling signal of synthetic phase angle and amplitude obtains the modulation wave signal of three-phase electricity flow pattern inverter:
7) the three-phase modulations signal is carried out the high-frequency PWM modulation, obtain the control signal of three-phase electricity flow pattern inverter switch device, driving switch is in control the output voltage current signal of expectation.
2. large power high efficiency according to claim 1 is characterized in that with integrated control method that can the type high frequency switch power, to described high frequency DC/DC converter using based on the step of the current/voltage double loop control of virtual impedance is:
1) detects load DC side current i
o, testing result and set-point I
rSubtract each other,, obtain direct current outer shroud voltage control output u through PI controller and amplitude limit link;
2) outer shroud is controlled the voltage feedback signal Ki of voltage output signal u and virtual impedance
oSubtract each other, obtain the voltage reference signal of voltage inter-loop
3) detect load dc voltage V
o, testing result and reference value
Subtract each other,, obtain voltage inter-loop control output, be the duty cycle signals d of full-bridge inverter through PI controller and amplitude limit link
o
4) by the high-frequency PWM modulation, obtain the control signal of single-phase full-bridge inverter switching device, driving switch is in control the output voltage current signal of expectation.
3. the large power high efficiency according to claim 1 integrated control method of energy type high frequency switch power, it is characterized in that, be parallel with reverse fly-wheel diode and electric capacity between the single-phase full-bridge inverter of described three-phase electricity flow pattern inverter direct-flow side and high frequency DC/DC converter, the big inductance of oppositely having connected between fly-wheel diode and the electric capacity.
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