CN107888096B - Three-phase two-bridge arm three-level hybrid rectifier - Google Patents
Three-phase two-bridge arm three-level hybrid rectifier Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
- H02M7/02—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal
- H02M7/04—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
- H02M7/12—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M7/21—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M7/217—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/14—Arrangements for reducing ripples from dc input or output
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/42—Circuits or arrangements for compensating for or adjusting power factor in converters or inverters
- H02M1/4208—Arrangements for improving power factor of AC input
- H02M1/4216—Arrangements for improving power factor of AC input operating from a three-phase input voltage
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/42—Circuits or arrangements for compensating for or adjusting power factor in converters or inverters
- H02M1/4208—Arrangements for improving power factor of AC input
- H02M1/4225—Arrangements for improving power factor of AC input using a non-isolated boost converter
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
- H02M7/02—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal
- H02M7/04—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
- H02M7/06—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes without control electrode or semiconductor devices without control electrode
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
- H02M7/02—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal
- H02M7/04—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
- H02M7/12—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M7/21—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M7/217—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
- H02M7/219—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only in a bridge configuration
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/0067—Converter structures employing plural converter units, other than for parallel operation of the units on a single load
- H02M1/007—Plural converter units in cascade
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B70/00—Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
- Y02B70/10—Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/70—Wind energy
- Y02E10/76—Power conversion electric or electronic aspects
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Abstract
A three-phase two-bridge arm three-level hybrid rectifier comprises two rectifiers Z 1 、Z 2 The device comprises a voltage sampling circuit, a current sampling circuit, a protection circuit, a zero crossing detection circuit, a DSP control module and a PWM driving circuit. Wherein the rectifier Z 1 Comprises an asymmetric three-level rectifier bridge and a filter, wherein the asymmetric three-level rectifier bridge consists of 8 IGBT switching tubes and two upper and lower capacitors, and a rectifier Z 2 Is a traditional three-phase boost PFC circuit. By adopting the structure, the voltage outer loop adopts PI control by using a double closed loop control mode, and the current inner loop adopts passive control and constant frequency PWM control respectively, so that the control device has the advantages of restraining the harmonic wave injected into a power grid, realizing the sine and unit power factor of the current at the alternating side, improving the current tracking capability, stabilizing the system control and the like, and achieves the purpose of quickly tracking the voltage set value at the direct side. The invention is suitable for the development of new energy such as wind energy, solar energy and the like of the high-voltage direct-current power transmission converter station, and the application occasions with high requirements and high efficiency such as electric vehicle charging piles.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of electric energy conversion, in particular to a three-phase two-bridge arm three-level hybrid rectifier.
Background
With the rapid development of power electronic technology, power electronic equipment is increasingly used in daily life and work production, such as various high-quality application type power supplies, electrified railway equipment such as electric traction locomotives, variable-frequency speed control systems, various new energy power generation systems and the like, and the equipment is connected into a power grid through a power electronic converter, and the performance of the power electronic converter directly influences the power quality of the connected power grid and work environment. As an important technology for improving system performance and improving system working efficiency, a multi-level conversion technology is increasingly favored from academia and industry in high-power fields such as new energy inverter grid connection, distributed direct current power generation, transmission systems and the like. Because of the increasingly strong demands for the characteristics of high voltage resistance, high frequency, high voltage, large capacity and the like of the power electronic devices, the conventional two-level converter has a plurality of bottlenecks which are difficult to break through in the application of high-power occasions. The harmonic source in the power grid mainly comes from various current transformation devices, the control of the voltage and current and the output performance of the various current transformation devices becomes particularly important, and the improvement of the working performance of the current transformation devices becomes an important aspect and research hotspot for managing the harmonic pollution of the power grid.
The multi-level conversion technology is an ideal scheme for solving the defects of the two-level converter, has strong advantages in high-power demand occasions, and connects the controllable switching devices according to a designed circuit topology structure to enable the output voltage waveform to contain more level numbers, so that the power switching tubes and diodes of the multi-level converter bear low voltage stress, and meanwhile, have the advantages of low harmonic content in current, low ripple content in voltage and the like. Three-level converters are the most prominent in multi-level technology, and are one of the academic research hotspots, in terms of both application and ease of implementation of their own functions.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problems to be solved by the invention are as follows: the technical problems of low working efficiency, high harmonic content of network side injection current, low power factor and the like of the traditional three-phase voltage type PWM rectifier are solved by utilizing the hybrid rectifier. The three-phase two-bridge arm three-level hybrid rectifier is suitable for development of new energy sources such as high-voltage direct-current transmission converter stations, wind energy, solar energy and the like, and high-requirement and high-efficiency application occasions such as electric vehicle charging piles.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a three-phase two-bridge arm three-level hybrid rectifier comprises a rectifier Z 1 Rectifier Z 2 The device comprises a voltage sampling circuit, a current sampling circuit, a zero crossing detection circuit, a digital control circuit and a PWM driving circuit;
the rectifier Z 1 The three-phase three-level two-bridge-arm asymmetric PWM rectifier comprises 8 IGBT switching tubes: switch tube S 1 、S′ 1 、S 2 、S′ 2 、S 3 、S′ 3 、S 4 、S′ 4 Upper capacitor C 1 Lower capacitor C 2 Switch tube S 1 Source connecting switch tube S' 1 Drain, switch tube S' 1 The source electrodes are respectively connected with a switch tube S' 3 Source, lower capacitor C 2 Another end, switch tube S 1 The drains are respectively connected with a switch tube S 2 Source, switch tube S' 2 Drain, switch tube S' 2 The source electrodes are respectively connected with a switch tube S' 4 Source, lower capacitor C 2 One end of the switch tube S' 3 Drain electrode connection switch tube S 3 Source, switch tube S 3 The drains are respectively connected with a switch tube S 4 Source, switch tube S' 4 Drain electrode, switch tube S 2 Drain electrode, switch tube S 4 The drains are connected with a capacitor C 1 One end is provided with a capacitor C 1 The other end is connected with the lower capacitor C 2 One end;
the rectifier Z 2 Is a three-phase boost PFC circuit, comprising 6 diodes: d (D) 1 、D 2 、D 3 、D 4 、D 5 、D 6 Filter inductance L d1 、L d2 MOS tube S a Diode D 01 、D 02 6 diodes: d (D) 1 、D 2 、D 3 、D 4 、D 5 、D 6 Three-phase rectifier bridge is formed by connection, and the three-phase rectifier bridge is connected with a filter inductance L d1 One end of the filter inductance L d1 The other end is connected with a diode D 01 Anode, the three-phase rectifier bridge is connected with a filter inductance L d2 One end of the filter inductance L d2 The other end is connected with a diode D 02 Cathode, MOS tube S a Drain electrode connection diode D 01 Anode, MOS tube S a Source electrode connection diode D 02 A cathode;
the voltage sampling circuit is used for loading R on the direct current side L Sampling the voltages at two ends, wherein the sampled value is used as an input signal of the PI controller; DC side load R L Two ends are respectively connected with an upper capacitor C 1 One end, lower capacitor C 2 The other end;
the current sampling circuit is used for collecting two-phase alternating current;
the zero-crossing detection circuit is used for detecting the moment of the zero crossing point of the power grid voltage, calculating the sampling period through the DSP and providing a calculated phase angle of each control operation;
the digital control circuit is used for controlling the rectifier Z 1 Constant frequency PWM control of (1) rectifier Z 2 PI control of the voltage outer loop;
the PWM driving circuit is used for driving the rectifier Z 1 Rectifier Z 2 Is provided.
The voltage sampling circuit samples voltages at two ends of the direct current side load, and the sampled values are used as the control quantity of the voltage outer loop, namely the input signal of the PI controller. The voltage sampling circuit adopts an LV28-P voltage sensor, which can be applied to both alternating-current side voltage sampling and direct-current side voltage sampling.
In a three-phase symmetrical input system, the vector of three-phase balance working current is zero, any two-phase current is adopted to calculate a third-phase current, the design of a control loop is simplified for saving cost, the current sampling circuit is two-phase, a current sensor adopts LT58-S7 produced by LEM company, the direct current power supply is +/-15V, the rated input current of a primary side is 50A, and the transformation ratio of the primary side to a secondary side is 1000:1.
When the sampling and collecting signal is operated by the control chip to detect the fault signal, the controller will send out the signal of blocking trigger pulse, the rectifier will work in uncontrolled state, the protection circuit adopts two routes voltage to make the control signal of over-voltage and under-voltage protection, the two routes voltage signal is converted into DC voltage signal, the system is protected to run safely by proper voltage dividing resistor, when the voltage on the voltage dividing resistor exceeds the set protection range, the controller sends out blocking signal.
The zero-crossing detection circuit detects the moment of the zero crossing point of the power grid voltage, so that the DSP calculates the sampling period and provides a calculated phase angle for each control operation.
The digital control circuit uses TMS320F2812 control chip to realize the rectifier Z 1 Constant frequency PWM control, rectification of (2)Device Z 2 Passive control of the voltage outer loop, PI control of the voltage outer loop, etc.
The PWM driving circuit has a direct relation with the working performance of the rectifier system, and a driving module of Beijing wood source electronic technology Co., ltd is selected: DP101, the driving unit has low power consumption, strong driving capability, the self power consumption is about 2.5W, can send +15V high level and-8.5V low level voltage pulse to drive 300A/1200V MOSFET or IGBT full control switch; the delay between the high and low levels of the drive pulse is short and can be considered to be instantaneous.
The three-phase two-bridge arm three-level hybrid rectifier has the following beneficial effects:
1. rectifier Z 1 Compared with the traditional three-phase three-level PWM rectifier, only 6 IGBT switching tubes are needed to form a three-level rectifier bridge, the use of the switching tubes is reduced, and the cost is saved. The state of the switching tube is controlled by adopting a constant frequency PWM control method, and the implementation is easy.
2. The voltage outer loop adopts a PI controller to calculate the reference current I * Weighting the two rectifiers according to the working states of the two rectifiers to obtain rectifiers Z respectively 1 、Z 2 Is given a reference value. The current inner loop adopts constant frequency PWM control algorithm and passive control algorithm to the rectifier Z respectively 1 、Z 2 The switching tube is controlled, so that a good control effect is obtained, the harmonic content and the unit power factor of the current at the side of the alternating current power grid are effectively reduced, the sine of the current at the side of the grid is good, the voltage at the side of the direct current is stable, and the robustness and the high efficiency are high.
3. The invention utilizes a double closed-loop control mode, the voltage outer loop adopts PI control, the current inner loop adopts passive control and constant frequency PWM control respectively, and the invention has the advantages of restraining the harmonic wave injected into the power grid, realizing the sine and unit power factor of the current at the alternating side, improving the current tracking capability, stabilizing the system control and the like, and achieves the purpose of quickly tracking the voltage given value at the direct side.
4. The invention is suitable for the development of new energy such as wind energy, solar energy and the like of the high-voltage direct-current power transmission converter station, and the application occasions with high requirements and high efficiency such as electric vehicle charging piles.
Drawings
The invention is further illustrated by the following examples in conjunction with the accompanying drawings:
fig. 1 is a basic topology structure diagram of a three-phase two-bridge arm three-level hybrid rectifier according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a block diagram of a circuit topology of a three-phase two-leg three-level hybrid rectifier according to the present invention.
Fig. 3 (1) is a diagram of an operating state of the three-phase two-bridge arm three-level hybrid rectifier according to the present invention.
Fig. 3 (2) is a two-diagram illustrating an operating state of the three-phase two-bridge arm three-level hybrid rectifier according to the present invention.
Fig. 3 (3) is a three-diagram illustrating an operation state of the three-phase two-bridge arm three-level hybrid rectifier according to the present invention.
Fig. 3 (4) is a four-diagram illustrating an operating state of the three-phase two-bridge arm three-level hybrid rectifier according to the present invention.
Fig. 3 (5) is a five-diagram of the working state of the three-phase two-bridge arm three-level hybrid rectifier of the invention.
Fig. 3 (6) is a six-diagram illustrating an operation state of the three-phase two-bridge arm three-level hybrid rectifier according to the present invention.
Fig. 3 (7) is a seven-diagram illustrating an operation state of the three-phase two-bridge arm three-level hybrid rectifier according to the present invention.
Fig. 3 (8) is an eight diagram of an operating state of the three-phase two-bridge arm three-level hybrid rectifier according to the present invention.
Fig. 3 (9) is a nine-diagram of an operating state of the three-phase two-bridge arm three-level hybrid rectifier of the present invention.
Fig. 4 (a) is a schematic diagram of another topology of the three-phase two-leg three-level hybrid rectifier of the present invention.
Fig. 4 (b) is a second topological structure diagram of a three-phase two-leg three-level hybrid rectifier according to the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a control block diagram of a three-phase two-leg three-level hybrid rectifier according to the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a waveform diagram of the input side current of the three-phase bridge type uncontrolled rectifying circuit.
Fig. 7 is a waveform diagram of the input side current of the three-phase two-bridge arm three-level rectifying circuit.
Fig. 8 is a waveform diagram of current and voltage at the input side of a three-phase two-leg three-level hybrid rectifier.
Fig. 9 is a waveform diagram of the output side voltage of a three-phase two-leg three-level hybrid rectifier.
Detailed Description
As shown in FIG. 2, the three-phase two-bridge arm three-level hybrid rectifier of the invention, e a 、e b 、e c Respectively the ideal three-phase grid voltages; i.e a 、i b 、i c To input current i to the network side a1 、i b1 、i c1 Input current i for alternating current side of two-bridge arm asymmetric PWM rectifier a2 、i b2 、i c2 Input current for the ac side of the three-phase diode rectifier, L, R being the filter inductance and resistance, respectively; s is S 1 、S′ 1 、S 2 、S′ 2 、S 3 、S′ 3 、S 4 、S′ 4 To form rectifier Z 1 8 IGBT switching tubes of the middle asymmetric rectifier bridge; c (C) 1 、C 2 I is the direct current side upper and lower capacitance n As the median point current, R L Is a direct current side load; d (D) 1 、D 2 、D 3 、D 4 、D 5 、D 6 To form rectifier Z 2 Six diodes of the middle three-phase rectifier bridge, L d 、S a Is a rectifier Z 2 Boost inductor and switching tube of the boost circuit of the middle boost; u (U) dc The output voltage is the DC side.
As shown in fig. 3 (1) to 3 (9), the rectifier Z is 1 According to the different power switch states, the circuit can be divided into 9 working states:
first, the concept of a switching function is established:
wherein f a 、f b Is a switching signal.
(1) State one: f (f) a ＝1,f b =1 switching tube S 1 、S 2 、S 3 、S 4 Conduction, current i a1 Through a switch tube S 1 、S 2 Capacitor C 1 Reaching the mid-site n; current i b1 Through a switch tube S 3 、S 4 Capacitor C 1 Reaching the mid-site n; current i c1 Directly flow to point n and i c1 ＝i n . At this time, the voltage U from the point a to the point b to the middle point n an ＝U bn ＝U dc /2。
(2) State two: f (f) a ＝1,f b =0 switching tube S 1 、S 2 、S 3 、S′ 4 Conduction, current i a1 Through a switch tube S 1 、S 2 Capacitor C 1 Reaching the mid-site n; current i b1 Through a switch tube S 3 、S′ 4 Reaching the n point. At this time U an ＝U ab ＝U dc /2、U bn ＝0。
(3) State three: f (f) a ＝1,f b = -1 switching tube S 1 、S 2 、S′ 3 Conduction, current i a1 Through a switch tube S 1 、S 2 Capacitor C 1 Reaching the mid-site n; current i b1 Through a switch tube S' 3 Capacitor C 2 Reach point n, at this time U an ＝U dc /2、U bn ＝-U dc /2。
(4) State four: f (f) a ＝0,f b =1 switching tube S 1 、S′ 2 、S 3 、S 4 Conduction, current i a1 Through a switch tube S 1 、S 2 Reaching the mid-site n; current i b1 Through a switch tube S 3 、S 4 Capacitor C 1 Reaching the mid-site n; at this time U an ＝0、U bn ＝U dc /2。
(5) State five: f (f) a ＝0,f b =0 switching tube S 1 、S′ 2 、S 3 、S′ 4 Conduction, U an ＝0、U bn ＝0。
(6) State six: f (f) a ＝0,f b = -1 switching tube S 1 、S′ 2 、S′ 3 Conduction, current i a1 Through a switch tube S 1 、S′ 2 Reaching the mid-site n; current i b1 Through a switch tube S' 3 Capacitor C 2 Reaching the mid-site n; at this time U an ＝0、U bn ＝-U dc /2。
(7) State seven: f (f) a ＝-1,f b =1 switching tube S' 1 、S 3 、S 4 Conduction, current i a1 Through a switch tube S' 1 Capacitor C 2 Reaching the mid-site n; current i b1 Through a switch tube S 3 、S 4 Capacitor C 1 Reach mid-position n, at which time U an ＝-U dc /2、U bn ＝U dc /2。
(8) State eight: f (f) a ＝-1,f b =0 switching tube S' 1 、S 3 、S′ 4 Conduction, current i a1 Through a switch tube S' 1 Capacitor C 2 Reaching the mid-site n; current i b1 Through a switch tube S 3 、S′ 4 Reach mid-position n, at which time U an ＝-U dc /2、U bn ＝0。
(9) State nine: f (f) a ＝-1,f b = -1 switching tube S' 1 、S′ 3 Conduction, current i a1 Through a switch tube S' 1 Capacitor C 2 Reaching the mid-site n; current i b1 Through a switch tube S' 3 Capacitor C 2 Reach mid-position n, at which time U an ＝-U dc /2、U bn ＝-U dc /2。
Rectifier Z 1 The mathematical model of (a) is as follows:
according to rectifier Z 1 Is analyzed by kirchhoff's law:
in the formula e a 、e b 、e c Respectively the ideal three-phase grid voltages; i.e a1 、i b1 、i c1 Inputting current to the alternating current side of the two-bridge-arm asymmetric PWM rectifier; l, R are filter inductance and resistance, respectively; u (u) an 、u bn Respectively rectifying the voltages from the input points a and b of the bridge to a point n in the direct current side; u (u) no Is the voltage from the point n to the point o in the direct current side.
When neglecting the resistance R, it is available in the ideal grid by equation (3):
the present invention is not limited thereto, and the other two topologies are shown in fig. 4 (a) and 4 (b), and the operation principle is similar to that of fig. 2, and the description thereof will not be repeated.
As shown in fig. 5, the control strategy of the present invention consists of passive control, constant frequency PWM control, PI control.
The line parameters are as follows: the effective value of the three-phase power grid voltage is 220V, and the frequency f=50 Hz; two-bridge arm asymmetric three-phase three-level PWM rectifier inductance L=2mH, direct current side upper and lower capacitor C 1 ＝C 2 =1500 μf; boost inductor L in traditional three-phase boost PFC circuit d =5mh; load R L =50Ω, system switching frequency f s =10khz, dc side voltage setpoint
The specific control process comprises the following steps:
(1) To DC side voltage U dc Rectifier Z 1 Ac side current i a1 、i b1 、i c1 Grid voltage e a 、e b 、e c Sampling;
(2) The DC side voltage U to be measured dc With a given reference valueThe difference value of the current is imported into a PI controller, and the expected current values 1 and 2 are obtained through the working states of the two rectifiers; by applying an alternating current i a1 、i b1 、i c1 I is obtained by current transformation c1 -i a1 ,i c1 -i b1 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Using phase-locked loops and network voltage e a 、e b 、e c And measuring the phase information of the power grid power supply.
(3) Obtained by utilizing the power grid phase information theta and the current transformation technology in the step (2)And it is identical to i c1 -i a1 ,i c1 -i b1 Is introduced into a switching signal generator to obtain a rectifier Z 1 And the switch control signal of the switch control circuit controls the switch tube to act.
(4) Introducing the expected current value 2 into a passive controller, and introducing the output signal into an SPWM generator to obtain a rectifier Z 2 And the switch control signal of the switch control circuit controls the switch tube to act.
Fig. 6 is a waveform diagram of a stable current at the input side of the three-phase bridge type uncontrolled rectifying circuit, and the waveform diagram is verified by simulation according to the control parameters listed in the specific implementation process, so that the waveform diagram shows that the waveform diagram of the current outputted by the three-phase bridge type uncontrolled rectifying circuit has distortion, and the working state is similar to that of an active filter.
Fig. 7 is a waveform diagram of current at the input side of the three-phase two-bridge arm three-level rectifier circuit, and it can be found by comparing the waveforms of fig. 6 and 7 that the waveforms of fig. 6 and 7 are superimposed together to form a waveform diagram of fig. 8, and fig. 8 is a waveform diagram of current at the input side of the three-level rectifier circuit of the mixed three-phase two-bridge arm, from which it can be seen that the total current has better sinusoidal degree, and the total current is in phase with the voltage, so as to meet the output requirement of the rectifier, and the volume of the mixed rectifier can be greatly reduced due to the reduction of the number of capacitors in the actual circuit design.
Fig. 9 is a waveform diagram of the dc side voltage output of the hybrid rectifier, and it can be seen from fig. 9 that the hybrid rectifier can stably output the dc voltage, and stabilize to 650V, and the stabilizing time is about one power frequency period from the initial time.
And the DSP processor performs power balance distribution on the three-phase bridge type uncontrolled rectifying circuit and the three-phase two-bridge arm three-level rectifying circuit through the control circuit. And the harmonic wave is effectively restrained, and the stable output of the voltage and the unit power factor control at the network side are realized.
According to the invention, the three-level rectification of the three-phase cascade uncontrolled boost rectifier and the three-phase two-bridge arm symmetrical structure are connected in parallel, so that the capacitance can be reduced, the power density of the converter can be improved, and the working efficiency of the rectifier can be greatly improved; the total number of the adopted full-control devices of the hybrid three-level rectifier is only 9, and compared with the traditional three-level rectifier bridge circuit, the full-control device has the advantages of reducing the use quantity of the full-control devices and saving the cost.
Claims (3)
1. A three-phase two-bridge arm three-level hybrid rectifier comprises a rectifier Z 1 Rectifier Z 2 The method is characterized in that:
the rectifier Z 1 The three-phase three-level two-bridge-arm asymmetric PWM rectifier comprises 8 IGBT switching tubes: switch tube S 1 、S 1 ′、S 2 、S 2 ′、S 3 、S 3 ′、S 4 、S 4 ' upper capacitor C 1 Lower capacitor C 2 Switch tube S 1 Source connecting switch tube S 1 ' drain, switch tube S 1 ' source is connected with the switch tube S respectively 3 ' Source, down capacitance C 2 Another end, switch tube S 1 The drains are respectively connected with a switch tube S 2 Source, switch tube S 2 ' drain, switch tube S 2 ' source is connected with the switch tube S respectively 4 ' Source, down capacitance C 2 One end of the switch tube S 3 ' drain electrode connection switch tube S 3 Source, switch tube S 3 The drains are respectively connected with a switch tube S 4 Source, switch tube S 4 ' drain, switch tube S 2 Drain electrode, switch tube S 4 The drains are connected with a capacitor C 1 One end is provided with a capacitor C 1 The other end is connected with the lower capacitor C 2 One end;
the rectifier Z 2 Is a three-phase boost PFC circuit, comprising 6 diodes: d (D) 1 、D 2 、D 3 、D 4 、D 5 、D 6 Filter inductance L d1 、L d2 MOS tube S a Diode D 01 、D 02 6 diodes: d (D) 1 、D 2 、D 3 、D 4 、D 5 、D 6 Three-phase rectifier bridge is formed by connection, and the three-phase rectifier bridge is connected with a filter inductance L d1 One end of the filter inductance L d1 The other end is connected with a diode D 01 Anode, the three-phase rectifier bridge is connected with a filter inductance L d2 One end of the filter inductance L d2 The other end is connected with a diode D 02 Cathode, MOS tube S a Drain electrode connection diode D 01 Anode, MOS tube S a Source electrode connection diode D 02 A cathode;
diode D 01 Capacitor C on cathode connection 1 One end of diode D 02 Anode-connected lower capacitor C 2 The other end;
the rectifier Z 1 Upper capacitance C of (2) 1 One end, lower capacitor C 2 The other ends are respectively connected with a load R L Both ends;
the rectifier Z 2 Diode D of (2) 01 Cathode, diode D 02 The anodes are respectively connected with a load R L Both ends;
the rectifier also comprises a voltage sampling circuit, a current sampling circuit, a zero crossing detection circuit, a digital control circuit and a PWM driving circuit;
the voltage sampling circuit is used for loading R on the direct current side L Sampling the voltages at two ends, wherein the sampled value is used as an input signal of the PI controller; DC side load R L Two ends are respectively connected with an upper capacitor C 1 One end, lower capacitor C 2 The other end;
the current sampling circuit is used for collecting two-phase alternating current;
the zero-crossing detection circuit is used for detecting the moment of the zero crossing point of the power grid voltage, calculating the sampling period through the DSP and providing a calculated phase angle of each control operation;
the digital control circuit is used for controlling the rectifier Z 1 Constant frequency PWM control of (1) rectifier Z 2 PI control of the voltage outer loop;
the PWM driving circuit is used for driving the rectifier Z 1 Rectifier Z 2 Is provided;
for rectifier Z 1 According to the different power switch states, the circuit is divided into 9 working states:
first, the concept of a switching function is established:
wherein f a 、f b Is a switching signal;
(1) State one: f (f) a ＝1,f b =1 switching tube S 1 、S 2 、S 3 、S 4 Conduction, current i a1 Through a switch tube S 1 、S 2 Upper capacitor C 1 Reaching the mid-site n; current i b1 Through a switch tube S 3 、S 4 Upper capacitor C 1 Reaching the mid-site n; current i c1 Directly flow to point n and i c1 ＝i n The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the At this time, the voltage U from the point a to the point b to the middle point n an ＝U bn ＝U dc /2；
(2) State two: f (f) a ＝1,f b =0 switching tube S 1 、S 2 、S 3 、S 4 ' on, current i a1 Through a switch tube S 1 、S 2 Upper capacitor C 1 Reaching the mid-site n; current i b1 Through a switch tube S 3 、S 4 ' reach point n; at this time U an ＝U ab ＝U dc /2、U bn ＝0；
(3) State three: f (f) a ＝1,f b = -1 switching tube S 1 、S 2 、S 3 ' on, current i a1 Through a switch tube S 1 、S 2 Upper capacitor C 1 Reaching the mid-site n; current i b1 Through a switch tube S 3 ' lower capacitor C 2 Reach point n, at this time U an ＝U dc /2、U bn ＝-U dc /2；
(4) State four: f (f) a ＝0,f b =1 switching tube S 1 、S 2 ′、S 3 、S 4 Conduction, current i a1 Through a switch tube S 1 、S 2 Reaching the mid-site n; current i b1 Through a switch tube S 3 、S 4 Upper capacitor C 1 Reaching the mid-site n; at this time U an ＝0、U bn ＝U dc /2；
(5) State five: f (f) a ＝0,f b =0 switching tube S 1 、S 2 ′、S 3 、S 4 ' turn on, U an ＝0、U bn ＝0；
(6) State six: f (f) a ＝0,f b = -1 switching tube S 1 、S 2 ′、S 3 ' on, current i a1 Through a switch tube S 1 、S 2 ' reach mid-site n; current i b1 Through a switch tube S 3 ' lower capacitor C 2 Reaching the mid-site n; at this time U an ＝0、U bn ＝-U dc /2；
(7) State seven: f (f) a ＝-1,f b =1 switching tube S 1 ′、S 3 、S 4 Conduction, current i a1 Through a switch tube S 1 ' lower capacitor C 2 Reaching the mid-site n; current i b1 Through a switch tube S 3 、S 4 Upper capacitor C 1 Reach mid-position n, at which time U an ＝-U dc /2、U bn ＝U dc /2；
(8) State eight: f (f) a ＝-1,f b =0 switching tube S 1 ′、S 3 、S 4 ' on, current i a1 Through a switch tube S 1 ' lower capacitor C 2 Reach toA mid-site n; current i b1 Through a switch tube S 3 、S 4 ' reach mid-site n, at which time U an ＝-U dc /2、U bn ＝0；
(9) State nine: f (f) a ＝-1,f b = -1 switching tube S 1 ′、S 3 ' on, current i a1 Through a switch tube S 1 ' lower capacitor C 2 Reaching the mid-site n; current i b1 Through a switch tube S 3 ' lower capacitor C 2 Reach mid-position n, at which time U an ＝-U dc /2、U bn ＝-U dc /2。
2. The three-phase two-leg three-level hybrid rectifier of claim 1, wherein: the rectifier also comprises a protection circuit, the protection circuit collects control signals of overvoltage and undervoltage protection of the two routes of voltage, the two routes of voltage signals are converted into direct current voltage signals, and when the voltage on the voltage dividing resistor exceeds a set protection range, the controller sends out a blocking signal.
3. The three-phase two-leg three-level hybrid rectifier of claim 1, wherein: the control strategy consists of passive control, constant frequency PWM control and PI control; the specific control process comprises the following steps:
(1) To DC side voltage U dc Rectifier Z 1 Ac side current i a1 、i b1 、i c1 Grid voltage e a 、e b 、e c Sampling;
(2) The measured DC side voltage U dc With a given reference valueThe difference value of the current value is imported into a PI controller, and the expected current values a and b are obtained through the working states of the two rectifiers; by applying an alternating current i a1 、i b1 、i c1 I is obtained by current transformation c1 -i a1 ,i c1 -i b1 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Using phase-locked loops and network voltage e a 、e b 、e c Measuring power grid power supply phase information;
(3) Obtained by utilizing the power grid phase information theta and the current transformation technology in the step (2)And it is identical to i c1 -i a1 ,i c1 -i b1 Is introduced into a switching signal generator to obtain a rectifier Z 1 The switch control signal of the switch control circuit controls the action of the switch tube;
(4) The expected current value b is led into a passive controller, and the output signal is led into an SPWM generator to obtain a rectifier Z 2 And the switch control signal of the switch control circuit controls the switch tube to act.
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| CN108462384B (en) * | 2018-06-09 | 2024-05-24 | 南昌航空大学 | Three-phase buck PFC rectification circuit |
| CN109921663A (en) * | 2019-04-01 | 2019-06-21 | 三峡大学 | A kind of two bridge arm tri-level rectifier of three-phase based on soft switch technique |
| CN113114033B (en) * | 2021-05-18 | 2022-11-29 | 西南交通大学 | Direct-current-side secondary ripple suppression device for traction transmission system and control method |
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