CN102252431A - Method and product for two-phase flow heat exchange and heat collection in vacuum heat-collecting pipes - Google Patents
Method and product for two-phase flow heat exchange and heat collection in vacuum heat-collecting pipes Download PDFInfo
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- CN102252431A CN102252431A CN2011101040943A CN201110104094A CN102252431A CN 102252431 A CN102252431 A CN 102252431A CN 2011101040943 A CN2011101040943 A CN 2011101040943A CN 201110104094 A CN201110104094 A CN 201110104094A CN 102252431 A CN102252431 A CN 102252431A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
- Y02E10/44—Heat exchange systems
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- Heat Treatment Of Water, Waste Water Or Sewage (AREA)
- Heat-Pump Type And Storage Water Heaters (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a method for two-phase flow heat exchange in vacuum heat-collecting pipes. A solar-energy heat-collecting device with two-phase flow heat exchange in vacuum heat-collecting pipes, manufactured according to the method, comprises vacuum heat-collecting pipes and a header device, and is characterized in that the level error at two ends of the heat-collecting pipes is less than +/-35mm; by adjusting the state of the header pipe and by arranging water-retaining and gas-retaining objects on the header device or at pipe orifices of the heat-collecting pipes, so that water and gas are always retained in the heat-collecting pipes; and the water-retaining and gas-retaining objects comprise connecting pipes sealing rings and water-retaining and gas-retaining rings. The method provided by the invention has the beneficial effects that two-phase coexistence and two-phase flow heat exchange circulation in the heat-collecting pipes are realized, the two-phase flow heat exchange circulation and heat transfer capacities are strong, the isothermal property is good, the heat exchange links are less, the heat sink is low, the output temperature is convenient to adjust, and high reliability, frost resistance and high cost-performance ratio are realized. According to the method provided by the invention, the usage of the vacuum heat-collecting pipes and the heat-collecting device thereof is expanded, i.e. seawater is led in through the heat-collecting pipes to be directly distilled, and the generated steam is used to realize multi-effect distillation. Three embodiments are given in combination with attached figures.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the method and the product of two phase flow heat transfer thermal-arrest in the vacuum heat collection pipe.
Background technology
Existing vacuum heat collection pipe heat-collecting temperature height, heat waste is little, industrialization level is high, can provide domestic hot-water more than 50 ℃ in the winter time with the cannula type solar water heater of its manufacturing.But generally speaking, the application product of vacuum heat collection pipe is abundant not enough flourishing.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to provide the method and the product of two phase flow heat transfer thermal-arrest in the vacuum heat collection pipe.
The present invention solves the method that its technical problem is taked: with vacuum heat collection pipe and the coupling device spare that is connected with thermal-collecting tube, form the solar collector of two phase flow heat transfer in the vacuum heat collection pipe.Vacuum heat collection pipe comprises the vacuum heat collection pipe of all-glass vacuum thermal-collecting tube, inner glass tube band finned sheet absorbing body.Coupling device spare comprises with the thermal-collecting tube cover glass tube and inserts the connection collection box is connected, refutes the connection collection mother that pipe is connected with thermal-collecting tube inner glass tube or cover glass tube by connection and manage and hot water storage tank.Coupling device spare has case and heat insulation layer.Coupling device spare with various refute to take over be in communication with the outside.Can be connected to exhaust-valve with moisturizing, draining, turnover water barge pipe water pipe connecting.
The horizontal positioned thermal-collecting tube, the horizontal error at thermal-collecting tube two ends is less than positive and negative 50 millimeters; The horizontal error at wherein first-selected thermal-collecting tube two ends is less than positive and negative 4 millimeters.By adjusting that refuting of coupling device spare taken over or the state of thermal-collecting tube, being provided with in coupling device spare or at the thermal-collecting tube mouth of pipe and having water to retain when the dash object makes the thermal-collecting tube water outlet, promptly the average water level of retaining is higher than 0.1 millimeter in the thermal-collecting tube.Refuting of coupling device spare taken over or the state of thermal-collecting tube by adjusting, and has gas to retain above perhaps when thermal-collecting tube mouth of pipe top is provided with retaining gas object and makes the thermal-collecting tube water inlet.Dash object and retaining gas object comprise with the necking segment of the vacuum heat collection pipe of refuting pipe and sealing ring, openend necking down being connected of being tightly connected of thermal-collecting tube inner glass tube, inner glass tube near the inner glass tube necking segment of the vacuum heat collection pipe of mouth of pipe place band necking segment, the retaining air water circle that is connected with thermal-collecting tube inner glass tube inner seal.Adjust coupling device spare refute adapter also with thermal-collecting tube in air water retain relevantly, be to take over the effect that also has retaining air water circle because pass in and out water barge sometimes; Sometimes the gas and the water that use the dash object can realize that also thermal-collecting tube is interior are separately retained.The step dam of interception upland water is set between the inner Neighbor Set heat pipe of coupling device spare.Each step of step dam is communicated with one or a pair of thermal-collecting tube that is in same horizontal level.When coupling device spare axle center tape level inclination was installed, the step dam can keep or raise the water level of each thermal-collecting tube mouth of pipe, makes upland water be full of thermal-collecting tube at the corresponding levels earlier, after overflow again dam facing replenish below the Neighbor Set heat pipe replenish until all thermal-collecting tubes and finish.Usually, the water of coupling device spare retention itself is few more good more.The step dam also belongs to the dash object of realizing retaining in the thermal-collecting tube water.For raising or keeping water level is provided with in the thermal-collecting tube dash object such as the step dam in the coupling device spare, its bottom can be contained can be with the valve of water emptying in the thermal-collecting tube.With convenient incrustation scale residue in the thermal-collecting tube is cleaned.It is unimpeded that the top of coupling device spare inside should keep.
Can also dispose the one dimension beam condensing unit to thermal-collecting tube, form the solar collector of two phase flow heat transfer in the light collecting vacuum heat collection pipe; Can also be at thermal-collecting tube internal chamber wall applying capillary imbibition material; Implement the fouling countermeasure, comprising: for example coat the less scaling silica gel of hot sticky one deck at thermal-collecting tube internal chamber wall making subtracting dirt layer; Adopt no dirty heating agent; In water inlet or heating agent, add and subtract dirty agent; Clean with ultrasonic wave;
Heat exchange between thermal-collecting tube and the heating load comprises following four kinds of forms and combination thereof: flow out after 1) making water flow into the thermal-collecting tube heat exchange by coupling device spare, be called two phase flow hot water thermal-arrest; 2) steam that thermal-collecting tube in the coupling device spare is produced with jet chimney is drawn and is passed through the external heat exchanger heating load again, is called the two phase flow steam heat collection; Need backwater in time to replenish the situation of thermal-collecting tube to coupling device spare, the position of external heat exchanger should be higher than coupling device spare, and the device to the thermal-collecting tube moisturizing perhaps is set; 3) thermal-collecting tube mouth of pipe arranged outside heat exchange device in coupling device spare to load heat exchange device heats, is called two phase flow pressure-bearing thermal-arrest with steam in the thermal-collecting tube; 4) in each thermal-collecting tube inside branch's heat exchange device is set, branch's heat exchange device interconnects a water route of composition and picks out, and to load branch heat exchange device heats, is called two phase flow branch pressure-bearing thermal-arrest with steam in the thermal-collecting tube.Heat exchange form 1) can adopt open type coupling device spare, promptly coupling device spare is communicated with atmosphere with the tracheae that overflows.To 2), 3), 4) three kinds of heat exchange forms, the water in the thermal-collecting tube constantly flashes to steam and exports by steam pipe; Perhaps the water in the thermal-collecting tube constantly flashes to steam in tubular exchanger or branch's heat exchanger surface condensation, should adopt enclosed coupling device spare during work.Consider that coupling device spare is not withstand voltage with being tightly connected of thermal-collecting tube, can between coupling device spare and atmosphere, adopt a balloon type closed airbag to isolate.Closed airbag can absorb the air of expanded by heating, 30% of its design desirable thermal-collecting tube number of volume and thermal-collecting tube volume product.For enclosed coupling device spare, can also make coupling device spare inside be communicated with a negative pressure source, when each thermal-arrest begins, coupling device spare inside is vacuumized the back with negative pressure source and turn-off, can also during thermal-arrest, open negative pressure source in short-term and vacuumize.Negative pressure source can be a vacuum extractor.Enclosed coupling device spare can also connect a pressure release device, can open pressure release automatically when the empty solarization of heat collector internal water steam pressure raises rapidly; The operating point of pressure release device can be set at 0.3 atmospheric pressure.
Can also adopt the water-level and water-temperature robot control system(RCS) that disposes magnetic valve and be arranged at the water-temperature water-level sensor or the flowmeter in heat collector water space, make the two phase flow heat transfer heat collector of control automatically, when for example water temperature reaches setting value in thermal-collecting tube behind the first out hot water on the full-automatic two phase flow through type solar heat collector of cold water.
The present invention solves one of technical scheme that its technical problem takes according to the method described above: with vacuum heat collection pipe and the coupling device spare that is connected with thermal-collecting tube, form the solar collector of two phase flow heat transfer in the vacuum heat collection pipe.Coupling device spare comprises the connection collection box that is connected with the insertion of thermal-collecting tube cover glass tube, refutes female pipe of connection collection and the hot water storage tank that pipe is connected with thermal-collecting tube inner glass tube or cover glass tube by its connection.Vacuum heat collection pipe comprises the vacuum heat collection pipe of all-glass vacuum thermal-collecting tube, inner glass tube band finned sheet absorbing body.The horizontal error that makes the thermal-collecting tube two ends is less than positive and negative 35 millimeters.In most of the cases, the layout of thermal-collecting tube is good more near level more.By adjusting that refuting of coupling device spare taken over or the state of thermal-collecting tube, in coupling device spare or at the thermal-collecting tube mouth of pipe, being provided with and having water to retain when the dash object makes the thermal-collecting tube water outlet, have gas to retain above when thermal-collecting tube mouth of pipe top is provided with retaining gas object and makes the thermal-collecting tube water inlet.Described dash object and retaining gas object comprise with the necking segment of the vacuum heat collection pipe of refuting pipe and sealing ring, openend necking down being connected of being tightly connected of thermal-collecting tube inner glass tube, inner glass tube near the necking segment of the vacuum heat collection pipe inner glass tube of mouth of pipe place band necking segment, the retaining air water circle that is connected with thermal-collecting tube inner glass tube inner seal.Water in the thermal-collecting tube can be emitted but can not have been put, and can put into but can not all occupy the thermal-collecting tube inner space.Pipe is refuted in coupling device spare configuration moisturizing, pipe, turnover water barge pipe, excessive tracheae or closed airbag and pressure release device are refuted in draining.Thermal-collecting tube can contain the capillary imbibition material of fitting with its internal chamber wall, for example the glass cross that is rolled into tubular and props up with elastic component.Can also adopt the Control System of Microcomputer that disposes magnetic valve, water-temperature water-level sensor or flowmeter, make micro-processor controlled two phase flow heat transfer solar collector.Should illustrate: " more than one " of present specification comprises one.
Can also be at tubular exchanger of the inner embedding of coupling device spare; Perhaps each thermal-collecting tube inside embeds branch's heat exchanger in coupling device spare, and described branch heat exchanger is interconnected to form the water route, and the water in the thermal-collecting tube constantly flashes to steam in tubular exchanger or branch's heat exchanger surface condensation; Perhaps coupling device spare is connected with a steam pipe that stretches to the external world, and the water in the thermal-collecting tube constantly flashes to steam and exports by steam pipe.
Can also adopt the one dimension beam condensing unit, described one dimension beam condensing unit comprises reflecting condensation device and lens light gathering device; The one dimension beam condensing unit is connected with thermal-collecting tube optically focused, and promptly the absorbing film of thermal-collecting tube is in the optically focused zone of one dimension beam condensing unit.
Can also make coupling device spare axle center tape level inclination install; The step dam is set in coupling device spare, and each step of step dam is communicated with one or a pair of thermal-collecting tube that is in same horizontal level; The dash water level of step dam is higher than 0 to 30 millimeter of the retention water level of place thermal-collecting tube.
Can also adopt a hot water storage tank heating load, hot water storage tank is connected with the tubulose two phase flow heat transfer device cold junction low thermal resistance of a sealing; The position of cold junction is higher than coupling device spare and is communicated with by a steam pipe with coupling device spare is inner, and the condensed water in the described cold junction can reflux and enter coupling device spare inside; The top of described cold junction contain one with a negative pressure source or the breather pipe that is communicated with a balloon type closed airbag.
Can also make coupling device spare inside be communicated with an external heat exchanger spare by a steam pipe; The bottom of described heat exchange device is connected with the water inlet of a water pump, and the delivery port of water pump is refuted pipe with the moisturizing of coupling device spare and is connected.
Can also adopt controlled many water levels of step dam or many water levels dash object, but the overflow interface is all contained and water control valve more than in the bottom of each dam facing bottom of many water levels dam and many water levels dash object; But the water position status of thermal-collecting tube changes with the change of these water control valve states.The overflow interface is meant the dam dam facing, the overflow surface of overflow gas port and dash object.
Can also adopt a hydraulic vacuum-pumping device, but be serially connected with a control valve between the vacuum suction mouth of described hydraulic vacuum-pumping device and the coupling device spare inside; But perhaps be serially connected with a control valve and a negative-pressure container.The glass apparatus shop has a kind of hydraulic vacuum-pumping device to sell, and it utilizes the effect of the entrainmenting formation negative pressure of moving fluid to vacuumize.
The present invention solves two of technical scheme that its technical problem takes according to the method described above: with the heat collector of two phase flow heat transfer in Control System of Microcomputer and the vacuum heat collection pipe, forms a microcomputer and control two phase flow through type solar heat-collection system.Input and output facility, power supply and software that microsystem is electrically connected by the microcomputer main frame, with main frame are formed.Heat collector is formed by vacuum heat collection pipe with the coupling device spare that thermal-collecting tube is connected.Coupling device spare comprises connection collection box, the female pipe of connection collection and hot water storage tank.The horizontal error that makes the thermal-collecting tube two ends is less than positive and negative 35 millimeters, by adjust coupling device spare refute take over or the thermal-collecting tube state, in coupling device spare or the thermal-collecting tube mouth of pipe be provided with dash retaining gas object make water is arranged in the thermal-collecting tube all the time, gas retains.Dash retaining gas object comprise be connected with thermal-collecting tube refute pipe, sealing ring and retaining air water circle; And contain the water-temperature water-level sensor that is arranged at heat collector water space, is electrically connected with Control System of Microcomputer; Microsystem software contains water temperature and reaches the program that goes up cold water behind the first out hot water of setting value back.
Beneficial effect of the present invention: make the horizontally disposed thermal-collecting tube that makes of thermal-collecting tube realize the carbonated drink two-phase coexistent in the thermal-collecting tube along be included in consistent of the state of its axial line each several part with performance, give full play to the little advantage of vacuum heat collection pipe heat waste, the high water vapor dividing potential drop that makes the interior temperature of thermal-collecting tube reach 70 to 100 ℃ of formation realizes the two phase flow heat transfer circulation.Two phase flow heat transfer has good heat transfer ability, isothermal and heat flow density ability to transform.By using measures such as keeping off the air water circle,, can prevent empty the solarization and the cold water bombing of advancing by leaps and bounds at the inner water of retaining of thermal-collecting tube.Adopt the horizontally disposed capillary materials imbibition of tubule footpath thermal-collecting tube few apart from weak point, inner air content.On this basis, flow out after making water flow into the thermal-collecting tube heat exchange, the horizontal thermal-collecting tube device that has overcome pipe internal memory full water relies in the thermal-collecting tube water length apart from the defective of heat transfer resistance height, carrying load ability difference, have that the heat exchange link is few, easily manufactured, in the pipe setting-out few heat big, output temperature is optional, can utilize the thermal-collecting tube stored hot water and the advantage easily of fetching water.The split type solar water heater of through type family expenses who makes the band indoor water tank can exempt from circulating pump, go out the hot water time also early.
Two phase flow steam heat collection apparatus of the present invention is simple in structure, heat exchange link no-movable part, energy-conservation, reliability is high, freeze proof, be fit to fabricator and use the integral type solar water heater.When making the wall hanging solar energy water heater, can also connect heat collector and water tank with flexible pipe, easy for installation, saving.Adopt the one dimension beam condensing unit to be connected the optically focused two-phase fluid solar energy producing steam device made from thermal-collecting tube optically focused, can export 100 ℃ with the enough big steam of upward pressure, carry out in warm thermal-arrest, long-range heat supply, multi-effect distilling and boiling maintenance, improve thermal-arrest and heat transfer efficiency greatly, can further expand the purposes of vacuum heat collection pipe and heat collector thereof.The condensing evacuated heat collector of one dimension of low multiple, tracking in manual month once also can be satisfied required precision.Also can use the reflecting condensation plate of exempting to follow the tracks of.
The step dam is set in coupling device spare, is used for when coupling device spare axle center tape level inclination is installed, carrying out moisturizing.High latitude utilized sun the subject of knowledge and the object of knowledge necessary during the inclination angle was installed as.Adopt many water levels dam, can distill thermal-collecting tube input seawater with high water level earlier, switch to low water level more in good time and remove concentrated seawater.Create more conditions for multi-effect distilling, the product price ratio is significantly improved.It also can be used for, and sewage to various difficult degradations comprises electroplating wastewater, contains antibiotic waste water, black liquid carries out distil(l), and distilled and concentrated solution can utilize or otherwise processed.
The heat exchange device is set in coupling device spare, to load heat exchange device heats, can realizes and the isolation of load, make things convenient for the heat collector bearing operation with steam in the thermal-collecting tube.Two phase flow pressure-bearing heat collector excellent performance aspect solar heating.Cannula type heat collecting module ratio with water in the pipe, cost is suitable, but carrying load ability is superpower, winter, but high efficiency provided heat energy more than 45 ℃, and the reliability height, good frost resistance, especially going out the hot water time can shift to an earlier date nearly 3 hours, it gets heat and can be enhanced about more than once, and makes the occasion fine days such as office kindergarten that only need the heating on daytime not need the supplementary energy heating, and the bulking property price ratio can improve 1 to 3 times.With the heat collecting module ratio that adopts heat pipe or metal flow passage, two phase flow pressure-bearing heat collector cost is low, save precious metal, flow passage resistance force of waterproof reduces that 70% operating cost is low, reliability and collecting efficiency are higher, and the bulking property price ratio can improve 1 to 2 times.Make coupling device spare inside be communicated with, can reduce on-condensible gas dividing potential drop raising two phase flow heat transfer efficient in the thermal-collecting tube with a negative pressure source.Adopt closed airbag when preventing water evaporates, to reduce the on-condensible gas dividing potential drop, help to improve two phase flow heat transfer efficient.Adopt the capillary imbibition material, can guarantee that the inner glass tube inwall is not dry, help to improve collecting efficiency.Adopt robot control system(RCS) can realize the function of various complexity, increase substantially the performance of heat collector, and can with the production technology seamless connection.Implement the fouling countermeasure and can guarantee heat collector operation steady in a long-term.
Description of drawings
The present invention is further described below in conjunction with drawings and Examples.
Fig. 1 is a two phase flow heat transfer sun heat and heat water supplying heat collector structural representation in the vacuum heat collection pipe.
Fig. 2 is that the female pipe of the connection collection cross section of Fig. 1 heat collector is analysed and observe.
Fig. 3 is a two phase flow heat transfer solar collector structural representation in the straight-through vacuum heat collecting tube.
Fig. 4 is a two phase flow heat transfer solar energy producing steam apparatus structure schematic diagram.
Fig. 5 is that the connection collection box cross section of Fig. 4 solar energy producing steam device is analysed and observe.
The female pipe of 1. collection among the figure; 2. refute pipe; 3. thermal-collecting tube; 4. inner glass tube; 5. sealing ring; 6. case; 7. pipe is refuted in draining; 8. water tank; 9. cold junction; 10. pipe is refuted in moisturizing; 11. water source; 12. relief valve; 13. negative pressure is refuted pipe; 14. negative pressure source; 15. air bag; 16. dam; 17. port; 18. heat exchanger tube; 19. sensor; 20. connection collection box; 21. retaining air water circle; 22. turnover water barge pipe; The tracheae 23. overflow; 24. upper hose; 25. display screen; 26,27. groups of valves; 28,29. link rods; 30. overfall; 31. jet chimney; 32. control valve; 33,34. distillers; 35. preheating device.
The specific embodiment
Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 provide first embodiment of the present invention jointly.Among Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, pipe 2 is refuted in the tubaeform connection of the female pipe of connection collection 1 both sides welding two rows, refutes pipe 2 ports and contains flange, is connected with sealing ring 5 between the flange of refuting pipe 2 and thermal-collecting tube 3 inner glass tubes 4, forms the heat collector of the interior two phase flow heat transfer of a vacuum heat collection pipe.The female pipe 1 of connection collection has case 6, filling heat-insulating material in the case 6.The female pipe of connection collection 1 one terminations have draining to refute pipe 7; The other end stretches out, and is communicated with two phase flow heat transfer coil pipe cold junction 9 in the hot water storage tank 8, and refutes by moisturizing and to manage 10 and be communicated with extraneous water source 11 and relief valve 12.Cold junction 9 tops are refuted pipe 13 by negative pressure and are communicated with negative pressure source 14 and balloon type closed airbag 15.The female pipe of connection collection 1 inside is shaped on step dam 16, and contains the pressure-bearing cycle heat exchange pipe 18 of a band connectivity port 17.Roughly the position with inner glass tube 4 black absorption films overlaps, and inner glass tube 4 internal chamber walls are fitted with the capillary imbibition material.Clear for the drawing brief introduction, the sealing ring that do not draw between pipe 2 and the thermal-collecting tube 3 is refuted in the connection on Fig. 2 the right.
Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 embodiment operation principle: water makes it be subjected to thermal evaporation in the sunlight heating thermal-collecting tube 3, and steam enters the female pipe 1 of connection collection under differential pressure action.When having water, heat exchanger tube 18 flows through its surface temperature when low, the water of steam in heat exchanger tube 18 surperficial heat release condensation heating heat exchanger tubes 18, condensed water returns in the thermal-collecting tube 3 through the female pipe of connection collection 1 bottom, and upwards rises to whole inner glass tube 4 internal chamber walls by the capillary imbibition material.When heat exchanger tube 18 water routes shutoff surface temperature was high, steam entered the cold junction 9 in the hot water storage tank 8 under differential pressure action.When water tank 8 has water and cold junction 9 surface temperatures low, the water in the cold junction 9 internal water steam heat release condensation heating water tank 8, condensation flow is returned in the thermal-collecting tube 3 and through the capillary imbibition material through the female pipe of connection collection 1 bottom and is upwards risen to whole inner glass tube 4 internal chamber walls.During this, the air of thermal-collecting tube 3 and the female pipe of connection collection 1 interior section expanded by heating is refuted pipe 13 through negative pressure and is entered the air bag in the air bag box 15 above the water tank 8, and later air themperature reduces when shrinking, and the air in the air bag 15 returns in the female pipe 1 of connection collection.
When heat exchanger tube 18 and coil pipe cold junction 9 are that high-temperature heat-gathering device is empty to be shone,, refute pipe 10 relief valves that are communicated with 12 with moisturizing and open and carry out exhaust pressure relief along with the increase of internal water steam pressure.After empty the solarization, the operating mode of understanding in the heat collectors by the water-temperature water-level sensor 19 that is electrically connected with the Control System of Microcomputer main frame, and on the Control System of Microcomputer display screen, show.Can refute pipe 10 manual moisturizing or automatic water supplements by moisturizing.
Connection collection mother pipe 1 is horizontally disposed among Fig. 1, and moisturizing is without step dam 16.Manage 1 for being in tilted layout but most of situation connection collection is female, i.e. the end that pipe 10 places are refuted in moisturizing upwards lifts.The moisturizing process was when the female pipe 1 of connection collection tilted: refute pipe 10 with moisturizing and 11 tap into pure water from the water source.Because the stopping of step dam 16, have only the water of excessive step dam 16 just can reach in the adjacent next stage thermal-collecting tube 3.Therefore, the moisturizing successively from top to bottom of each thermal-collecting tube 3 is filled water until all thermal-collecting tubes 3.If there is unnecessary water to accumulate in inside and outside the nethermost thermal-collecting tube 3, can refutes pipe 7 by draining and discharge.
Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 embodiment can be used for solar heating and heat supply water.Heating season can be with the water emptying in the water tank 8.
Fig. 3 provides second embodiment of the present invention.Among Fig. 3, insert thermal-collecting tube 3 in the connection collection box 20 both sides jacks, fill in retaining air water circle 21 in the thermal-collecting tube 3, form the heat collector of two phase flow heat transfer in the vacuum heat collection pipe.Connection collection box 20 has case 6 and heat-insulating material, and a water-temperature water-level sensor 19 that is electrically connected with the Control System of Microcomputer main frame is also contained in inside.Connection collection box 20 is in tilted layout, and low side has a turnover water barge pipe 22; High-endly have an excessive tracheae 23.
The operation principle of Fig. 3 embodiment can be sketched and be: Control System of Microcomputer is according to the startup self-detection when the The sun came up of the program of inner perpetual calendar and setting.Situation is normally by upper hose 24 water inlets.Because of thermal-collecting tube 3 keeps flat and adopts retaining air water circle 21, thermal-collecting tube 3 top two-phase coexistents.Water in the sunlight heating thermal-collecting tube 3, water temperature reaches setting, and Control System of Microcomputer is sent hot water into hot water storage tank 8 by turnover water barge pipe 22.According to circumstances go up water then once more or stop thermal-arrest.The state of heat collector shows by the display screen 25 that is electrically connected with the Control System of Microcomputer main frame.Thermal-collecting tube 3 bottoms are retained water all the time, and going up water fast once more then can bombing.Incrustation scale when a small amount of water freezes in the inner glass tube 4 can drop in fragmentation.
Fig. 3 embodiment is used for the transformation of existing cannula type hot-water heating system, needs configuration computer control device, magnetic valve and water-temperature water-level sensor.Also thermal-collecting tube to be set level and in thermal-collecting tube, be provided with retaining air water circle, rearrange waterway pipe.
Fig. 4 and Fig. 5 provide the 3rd embodiment of the present invention jointly.Among Fig. 4 and Fig. 5, the female pipe of connection collection 1 both sides refute that the employing sealing ring is connected between the vacuum heat collection pipe 3 of pipe 2 and inner glass tube band finned sheet absorbing body, form a two phase flow heat transfer solar energy producing steam device.25 millimeters of inner glass tube 4 diameters of thermal-collecting tube 3, its cover glass tube melts envelope in the port necking down and with inner glass tube 4.Inner glass tube 4 coated metals conduct heat, and can exempt to use the capillary imbibition material, directly conduct heat to following water position from the top that is heated, and avoid the problem of capillary imbibition material fouling.The thermal-collecting tube internal diameter design freedom of inner glass tube band wing plate is big.The thermal-collecting tube 3 horizontally disposed one dimension reflecting and condensing devices that have; The female pipe 1 of connection collection has case and heat-insulating material, and its axle center tape level inclination is followed the tracks of sun altitude to guarantee beam condensing unit.For for purpose of brevity, beam condensing unit does not draw among the figure.Adopt the high hyte valve 26 of electronic group of valve and the low hyte valve 27 of two multi-valve linkages.Each valve of electronic group of valve 26,27 is installed in respectively on each many water levels step dam 16, and respectively can synchronous opening/closing by link rod 28,29 connections that are connected with magnetic valve driving mechanism.Described magnetic valve driving mechanism and Control System of Microcomputer are electrically connected.Dam 16 has overfall 30.Water-temperature water-level sensor 19 in the female pipe 1 of connection collection is electrically connected with the Control System of Microcomputer main frame.
To go up earlier water before Fig. 4 and Fig. 5 embodiment work.During last water, Control System of Microcomputer is closed low hyte valve 27, is opened high hyte valve 26 by electric driving mechanism, opens and can turn-off excessive tracheae, inserts former water from the female pipe of connection collection 1 is high-end by pipeline valve.Water level in the female pipe 1 interior step of many water levels of the one-level topmost dam 16 of connection collection rises gradually, can flow into the space that next stage dam 16 impales when water levels reach the height of its high hyte valve of opening 26 in the dam 16 and in the thermal-collecting tube 3 that is communicated with it, go up water so from top to bottom step by step.Reach when setting low water level when the level sensor 19 that is installed in final stage dam 16 places detects the water inlet of its space, place, turn-off high hyte valve 26.At this moment, topmost the water level of one-level dam 16 the insides raises gradually until the overfall 30 that covers place dam 16, flows into the space that next stage dam 16 impales and in the thermal-collecting tube 3 that is communicated with it, so from top to bottom raising of water level step by step.Reach when setting high water level when level sensor 19 detects into water, turn-off water inlet, last water process end.
Among Fig. 4 and Fig. 5 embodiment, need not high hyte valve 26 and also can realize normally going up water from top to bottom.But adopt high hyte valve 26 can make thermal-collecting tubes 3 at different levels water inlet ahead of time, promptly realize the synchronous water of going up of each thermal-collecting tube 3, avoid thermal-collecting tube 3 waits for too long operating mode deterioration under the light and heat collection state of back.Adopt high hyte valve 26 can also make 3 of thermal-collecting tubes at different levels go up water to set than low water level, make the last water scheme of producing steam device that many a kind of selections be arranged.
The vacuum heat collection pipe of configuration beam condensing unit even intensity of solar radiation has only under 500 watts of/square metre conditions in the winter time, also can stably be used 2 atmospheric steam of salt water generates of salt content 19%.Be serially connected with jet chimney 31 and the control valve 32 that Control System of Microcomputer is electrically connected by control, can regulate the steam output pressure of solar energy producing steam device.Solar energy distillation device can adopt multi-mode working: adopt economic benefits and social benefits or single effect distillation pattern when the sun is weak; Adopt triple effect distillation pattern when the sun is strong.Triple effect distillation pattern can be such: sunshine makes the water in the thermal-collecting tube 3 be subjected to thermal evaporation.The steam that produces in thermal-collecting tube 3 enters second level distiller 33 by jet chimney 31 under differential pressure action.About 100 ℃ of steam that second level distiller 33 produces enter third level distiller 34.Third level distiller 34 adopts low-pressure distillation, and about 75 to the 85 ℃ of steam that produced enter former water pre-heater apparatus 35 interior pre-pyrogen water and make other purposes.Former water adopts vavuum pump vacuum degassing in preheating.
Control System of Microcomputer is extrapolated the enrichment of thermal-collecting tube 3 maritime interior waters and the storage of thermal-collecting tube 3 interior concentrates, and is carried out going up once more water in good time according to the output of solar energy producing steam device distilled water.To night, open low hyte valve 27 concentrate in the thermal-collecting tube 3 is accepted.
Thermal-collecting tube 3 openends of Fig. 4 and Fig. 5 embodiment are unobstructed, add 1 cooling at night in winter of first line of a couplet collection mother pipe and are slower than thermal-collecting tube 3, can obtain the effects that order is freezed in the thermal-collecting tube 3, make icing thermal-collecting tube 3 is influenced be reduced to minimum level.
Claims (10)
1. the method for two phase flow heat transfer thermal-arrest in the vacuum heat collection pipe: with vacuum heat collection pipe and the coupling device spare that is connected with thermal-collecting tube, form the solar collector of two phase flow heat transfer in the vacuum heat collection pipe, vacuum heat collection pipe comprises the vacuum heat collection pipe of all-glass vacuum thermal-collecting tube, inner glass tube band finned sheet absorbing body; Coupling device spare comprises with the thermal-collecting tube cover glass tube and inserts the connection collection box is connected, refutes the connection collection mother that pipe is connected with thermal-collecting tube inner glass tube or cover glass tube by connection and manage and hot water storage tank; Coupling device spare with various refute to take over be in communication with the outside;
The horizontal positioned thermal-collecting tube, the horizontal error that makes the thermal-collecting tube two ends is less than positive and negative 50 millimeters; By adjusting that refuting of coupling device spare taken over or the state of thermal-collecting tube, being provided with in coupling device spare or at the thermal-collecting tube mouth of pipe and having water to retain when the dash object makes thermal-collecting tube in water outlet, promptly the average water level of retaining is higher than 0.1 millimeter in the thermal-collecting tube; Refuting of coupling device spare taken over or the state of thermal-collecting tube by adjusting, and has gas to retain above perhaps when thermal-collecting tube mouth of pipe top is provided with retaining gas object and makes the thermal-collecting tube water inlet; Dash object and retaining gas object comprise with the necking segment of the vacuum heat collection pipe of refuting pipe and sealing ring, openend necking down being connected of being tightly connected of thermal-collecting tube inner glass tube, inner glass tube near the inner glass tube necking segment of the vacuum heat collection pipe of mouth of pipe place band necking segment, the retaining air water circle that is connected with thermal-collecting tube inner glass tube inner seal; Adjust coupling device spare refute adapter also with thermal-collecting tube in air water retain relevantly, be to take over the effect that also has retaining air water circle because pass in and out water barge sometimes; Sometimes the gas and the water that use the dash object can realize that also thermal-collecting tube is interior are separately retained; The step dam of interception upland water is set between the inner Neighbor Set heat pipe of coupling device spare; Each step of step dam is communicated with one or a pair of thermal-collecting tube that is in same horizontal level; When coupling device spare axle center tape level inclination was installed, the step dam can keep or raise the water level of each thermal-collecting tube mouth of pipe, makes upland water be full of thermal-collecting tube at the corresponding levels earlier, after overflow again dam facing replenish below the Neighbor Set heat pipe replenish until all thermal-collecting tubes and finish; The step dam also belongs to the dash object of realizing retaining in the thermal-collecting tube water; For raising or keeping water level is provided with in the thermal-collecting tube dash object such as the step dam in the coupling device spare, its bottom can be contained can be with the valve of water emptying in the thermal-collecting tube; It is unimpeded that the top of coupling device spare inside should keep;
Can also dispose the one dimension beam condensing unit to thermal-collecting tube, form the solar collector of two phase flow heat transfer in the light collecting vacuum heat collection pipe; Can also be at thermal-collecting tube internal chamber wall applying capillary imbibition material; Implement the fouling countermeasure, comprising: for example coat the less scaling silica gel of hot sticky one deck at thermal-collecting tube internal chamber wall making subtracting dirt layer; Adopt no dirty heating agent; In water inlet or heating agent, add and subtract dirty agent; Clean with ultrasonic wave;
Heat exchange between thermal-collecting tube and the heating load comprises following four kinds of forms and combination thereof: flow out after 1) making water flow into the thermal-collecting tube heat exchange by coupling device spare, be called two phase flow hot water thermal-arrest; 2) steam that thermal-collecting tube in the coupling device spare is produced with jet chimney is drawn and is passed through the external heat exchanger heating load again, is called the two phase flow steam heat collection; Need backwater in time to replenish the situation of thermal-collecting tube to coupling device spare, the position of external heat exchanger should be higher than coupling device spare, and the device to the thermal-collecting tube moisturizing perhaps is set; 3) thermal-collecting tube mouth of pipe arranged outside heat exchange device in coupling device spare to load heat exchange device heats, is called two phase flow pressure-bearing thermal-arrest with steam in the thermal-collecting tube; 4) in each thermal-collecting tube inside branch's heat exchange device is set, branch's heat exchange device interconnects a water route of composition and picks out, and to load branch heat exchange device heats, is called two phase flow branch pressure-bearing thermal-arrest with steam in the thermal-collecting tube; Heat exchange form 1) can adopt open type coupling device spare, promptly coupling device spare is communicated with atmosphere with the tracheae that overflows; To 2), 3), 4) three kinds of heat exchange forms, the water in the thermal-collecting tube constantly flashes to steam and exports by steam pipe; Perhaps the water in the thermal-collecting tube constantly flashes to steam in tubular exchanger or branch's heat exchanger surface condensation, should adopt enclosed coupling device spare during work; Consider that coupling device spare is not withstand voltage with being tightly connected of thermal-collecting tube, can between coupling device spare and atmosphere, adopt a balloon type closed airbag to isolate; Closed airbag can absorb the air of expanded by heating, 30% of its design desirable thermal-collecting tube number of volume and thermal-collecting tube volume product; For enclosed coupling device spare, can also make coupling device spare inside be communicated with a negative pressure source, when each thermal-arrest begins coupling device spare inside is vacuumized the back with negative pressure source and turn-off, can also open negative pressure source in short-term during thermal-arrest and vacuumize, negative pressure source can be a vacuum extractor; Enclosed coupling device spare can also connect a pressure release device, can open pressure release automatically when the empty solarization of heat collector internal water steam pressure raises rapidly; The operating point of pressure release device can be set at 0.3 atmospheric pressure;
Can also adopt the water-temperature water-level robot control system(RCS) that disposes magnetic valve and be arranged at the water-temperature water-level sensor or the flowmeter in heat collector water space, make the two phase flow heat transfer heat collector of control automatically, when for example water temperature reaches setting value in thermal-collecting tube behind the first out hot water on the full-automatic two phase flow through type solar heat collector of cold water.
2. the solar collector of two phase flow heat transfer in the vacuum heat collection pipe of making according to the described method of claim 1, form by vacuum heat collection pipe with the coupling device spare that thermal-collecting tube is connected, coupling device spare comprises with the thermal-collecting tube cover glass tube and inserts the connection collection box is connected, refutes the connection collection mother that pipe is connected with thermal-collecting tube inner glass tube or cover glass tube by its connection and manage and hot water storage tank; Vacuum heat collection pipe comprises the vacuum heat collection pipe of all-glass vacuum thermal-collecting tube, inner glass tube band finned sheet absorbing body; Pipe is refuted in coupling device spare configuration moisturizing, pipe, turnover water barge pipe, excessive tracheae or closed airbag and pressure release device are refuted in draining; Thermal-collecting tube can contain the capillary imbibition material of fitting with its internal chamber wall; Can also adopt the Control System of Microcomputer that disposes magnetic valve, water-temperature water-level sensor or flowmeter, make micro-processor controlled two phase flow heat transfer solar collector, the horizontal error that it is characterized in that the thermal-collecting tube two ends is less than positive and negative 35 millimeters; By adjusting that refuting of coupling device spare taken over or the state of thermal-collecting tube, in coupling device spare or at the thermal-collecting tube mouth of pipe, being provided with and having water to retain when the dash object makes the thermal-collecting tube water outlet, have gas to retain above when thermal-collecting tube mouth of pipe top is provided with retaining gas object and makes the thermal-collecting tube water outlet; Described dash object and retaining gas object comprise being connected near the necking segment of the vacuum heat collection pipe inner glass tube of mouth of pipe place band necking segment, with thermal-collecting tube inner glass tube inner seal with necking segment, the inner glass tube of the vacuum heat collection pipe of refuting pipe and sealing ring, openend necking down being connected of being tightly connected of thermal-collecting tube inner glass tube and keep off the air water circle.
3. according to the described heat collector of claim 2, it is characterized in that tubular exchanger of the inner embedding of coupling device spare; Perhaps each thermal-collecting tube inside embeds branch's heat exchanger in coupling device spare, and described branch heat exchanger is interconnected to form the water route, and the water in the thermal-collecting tube constantly flashes to steam in tubular exchanger or branch's heat exchanger surface condensation; Perhaps coupling device spare is connected with a steam pipe that stretches to the external world, and the water in the thermal-collecting tube constantly flashes to steam and exports by steam pipe.
4. according to claim 2 or 3 described heat collectors, it is characterized in that containing the one dimension beam condensing unit, described one dimension beam condensing unit comprises reflecting condensation device and lens light gathering device; The one dimension beam condensing unit is connected with thermal-collecting tube optically focused, and promptly the absorbing film of thermal-collecting tube is in the optically focused zone of one dimension beam condensing unit.
5. according to claim 2 or 3 described heat collectors, it is characterized in that the tape level inclination installation of coupling device spare axle center; Coupling device spare contains the step dam, and each step of step dam is communicated with one or a pair of thermal-collecting tube that is in same horizontal level; The dash water level of step dam is higher than 0 to 30 millimeter of the retention water level of place thermal-collecting tube.
6. according to claim 2 or 3 described heat collectors, it is characterized in that containing a hot water storage tank heating load, hot water storage tank is connected with the tubulose two phase flow heat transfer device cold junction low thermal resistance of a sealing; The position of cold junction is higher than coupling device spare and is communicated with by a steam pipe with coupling device spare is inner, and the condensed water in the described cold junction can reflux and enter coupling device spare inside; The top of described cold junction contain one with a negative pressure source or the breather pipe that is communicated with a balloon type closed airbag.
7. according to claim 2 or 3 described heat collectors, it is characterized in that coupling device spare inside is communicated with an external heat exchanger spare by a steam pipe; The bottom of described heat exchange device is connected with the water inlet of a water pump, and the delivery port of water pump is refuted pipe with the moisturizing of coupling device spare and is connected.
8. according to claim 2 or 3 described heat collectors, it is characterized in that coupling device spare contains controlled many water levels of step dam or many water levels dash object, but the overflow interface is all contained and water control valve more than in the bottom of each dam facing bottom of many water levels dam and many water levels dash object; But the water position status of thermal-collecting tube changes with the change of these water control valve states.
9. according to claim 2 or 3 described heat collectors, it is characterized in that containing a hydraulic vacuum-pumping device, but be serially connected with a control valve between the vacuum suction mouth of described hydraulic vacuum-pumping device and the coupling device spare inside; But perhaps be serially connected with a control valve and a negative-pressure container.
10. the microcomputer of making according to the described method of claim 1 is controlled two phase flow through type solar heat-collection system, heat collector by two phase flow heat transfer in Control System of Microcomputer and the vacuum heat collection pipe is formed, and input and output facility, power supply and software that microsystem is electrically connected by the microcomputer main frame, with main frame are formed; Heat collector is formed by vacuum heat collection pipe with the coupling device spare that thermal-collecting tube is connected, coupling device spare comprises connection collection box, the female pipe of connection collection and hot water storage tank, the horizontal error that it is characterized in that the thermal-collecting tube two ends is less than positive and negative 35 millimeters, by adjust coupling device spare refute take over or the thermal-collecting tube state, in coupling device spare or the thermal-collecting tube mouth of pipe be provided with dash retaining gas object make water is arranged in the thermal-collecting tube all the time, gas retains; Dash retaining gas object comprise be connected with thermal-collecting tube refute pipe, sealing ring and retaining air water circle; And contain the water-temperature water-level sensor that is arranged at heat collector water space, is electrically connected with Control System of Microcomputer; Microsystem software contains water temperature and reaches the program that goes up cold water behind the first out hot water of setting value back.
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| CN2011101040943A CN102252431B (en) | 2011-04-25 | 2011-04-25 | Method and product for two-phase flow heat exchange and heat collection in vacuum heat-collecting pipes |
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