CN102247628B - 可植入式磁液悬浮型离心血泵 - Google Patents

可植入式磁液悬浮型离心血泵 Download PDF

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CN102247628B
CN102247628B CN2010101743018A CN201010174301A CN102247628B CN 102247628 B CN102247628 B CN 102247628B CN 2010101743018 A CN2010101743018 A CN 2010101743018A CN 201010174301 A CN201010174301 A CN 201010174301A CN 102247628 B CN102247628 B CN 102247628B
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impeller
pump
blood pump
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lower house
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CN102247628A (zh
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王伟
苏静静
刘会祥
王毅
张文海
刘康
李冀鹏
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Aerospace Tai Xin Technology Co., Ltd.
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M60/00—Blood pumps; Devices for mechanical circulatory actuation; Balloon pumps for circulatory assistance
    • A61M60/10—Location thereof with respect to the patient's body
    • A61M60/122—Implantable pumps or pumping devices, i.e. the blood being pumped inside the patient's body
    • A61M60/126—Implantable pumps or pumping devices, i.e. the blood being pumped inside the patient's body implantable via, into, inside, in line, branching on, or around a blood vessel
    • A61M60/148—Implantable pumps or pumping devices, i.e. the blood being pumped inside the patient's body implantable via, into, inside, in line, branching on, or around a blood vessel in line with a blood vessel using resection or like techniques, e.g. permanent endovascular heart assist devices
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M60/00—Blood pumps; Devices for mechanical circulatory actuation; Balloon pumps for circulatory assistance
    • A61M60/20—Type thereof
    • A61M60/205—Non-positive displacement blood pumps
    • A61M60/216—Non-positive displacement blood pumps including a rotating member acting on the blood, e.g. impeller
    • A61M60/226—Non-positive displacement blood pumps including a rotating member acting on the blood, e.g. impeller the blood flow through the rotating member having mainly radial components
    • A61M60/232—Centrifugal pumps
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M60/00—Blood pumps; Devices for mechanical circulatory actuation; Balloon pumps for circulatory assistance
    • A61M60/10—Location thereof with respect to the patient's body
    • A61M60/122—Implantable pumps or pumping devices, i.e. the blood being pumped inside the patient's body
    • A61M60/165—Implantable pumps or pumping devices, i.e. the blood being pumped inside the patient's body implantable in, on, or around the heart
    • A61M60/178—Implantable pumps or pumping devices, i.e. the blood being pumped inside the patient's body implantable in, on, or around the heart drawing blood from a ventricle and returning the blood to the arterial system via a cannula external to the ventricle, e.g. left or right ventricular assist devices
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M60/00—Blood pumps; Devices for mechanical circulatory actuation; Balloon pumps for circulatory assistance
    • A61M60/40—Details relating to driving
    • A61M60/403—Details relating to driving for non-positive displacement blood pumps
    • A61M60/422—Details relating to driving for non-positive displacement blood pumps the force acting on the blood contacting member being electromagnetic, e.g. using canned motor pumps
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M60/00—Blood pumps; Devices for mechanical circulatory actuation; Balloon pumps for circulatory assistance
    • A61M60/80—Constructional details other than related to driving
    • A61M60/802—Constructional details other than related to driving of non-positive displacement blood pumps
    • A61M60/804—Impellers
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M60/00—Blood pumps; Devices for mechanical circulatory actuation; Balloon pumps for circulatory assistance
    • A61M60/80—Constructional details other than related to driving
    • A61M60/802—Constructional details other than related to driving of non-positive displacement blood pumps
    • A61M60/818—Bearings
    • A61M60/82—Magnetic bearings
    • A61M60/822—Magnetic bearings specially adapted for being actively controlled
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M60/00—Blood pumps; Devices for mechanical circulatory actuation; Balloon pumps for circulatory assistance
    • A61M60/80—Constructional details other than related to driving
    • A61M60/802—Constructional details other than related to driving of non-positive displacement blood pumps
    • A61M60/818—Bearings
    • A61M60/824—Hydrodynamic or fluid film bearings
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M60/00—Blood pumps; Devices for mechanical circulatory actuation; Balloon pumps for circulatory assistance
    • A61M60/80—Constructional details other than related to driving
    • A61M60/802—Constructional details other than related to driving of non-positive displacement blood pumps
    • A61M60/827—Sealings between moving parts

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Cardiology (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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  • Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)

Abstract

本发明属于一种医疗器械，具体涉及一种可植入式磁液悬浮型离心血泵。本发明采用动压液悬浮和永磁悬浮组合技术，代替了传统接触式机械轴承，转子与定子之间没有机械接触，不会产生机械磨损，最大限度的减少了对血细胞的碾压作用，血栓和溶血现象可以有效减轻。它由永磁轴承无位置传感器盘式无刷直流电动机驱动，具有结构简单、运行可靠、维护方便和无级调速等特点。本发明转速低、体积小、重量轻、温升低，可以将泵的入口直接插入人体左心室，泵体置于心包腔内，充分利用了心包腔的空隙，避免在人体内另作囊袋，减轻了患者的痛苦，可以实现人工辅助心脏泵的可靠连续运转。

Description

可植入式磁液悬浮型离心血泵
技术领域
本发明属于一种医疗器械，具体涉及一种可植入式磁液悬浮型离心血泵。
背景技术
人工辅助心脏泵经过几十年的发展，从第一代气动式搏动泵，到第二代机械轴承式叶轮泵，现在已经发展到第三代悬浮式血泵。目前，国外临床上应用的主要是第二代血泵（采用机械轴承），转子多采用机械支撑方式。由于泵腔内有机械摩擦，使人工心脏辅助装置不可避免的出现溶血及血栓现象。目前，国内第三代悬浮式血泵处于初步研制阶段。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种可靠性高、成本低廉的可植入式磁液悬浮型离心血泵。
本发明是这样实现的，可植入式磁液悬浮型离心血泵它包括上壳体组件、下壳体组件及叶轮组件，叶轮组件位于上壳体组件与下壳体组件之间，所述的叶轮组件包括叶轮、磁悬浮动磁环、电机磁钢、密封垫片，其中，叶轮有四个叶片，由四个楔形槽隔开，楔形槽为血液导流槽，楔形槽底面为空间平面，它与水平面和垂直平面均有一定夹角，在叶轮的上表面设置有导流面，磁悬浮动磁环、电机磁钢安装在叶轮内，密封垫片与叶轮构成一个密闭结构；所述的上壳体组件包括上壳体、线圈、定子铁芯和上端盖，线圈和定子铁芯安装在上壳体内，上壳体与上端盖固定连接；下壳体组件包括下壳体、线圈、定子铁芯、上端盖、中心轴壳体、心轴、磁悬浮静磁环、垫片和底座，线圈和定子铁芯安装在下壳体内，下壳体与下端盖固定连接，中心轴壳体与下壳体构成一整体，磁悬浮静磁环由心轴固定于底座上，垫片位于心轴与磁悬浮静磁环之间。
所述的叶轮的上端面设有动压结构。
泵的径向流道设有动压结构。
上、下壳体的内表面喷涂有陶瓷层。
本发明的优点是，本发明采用动压液悬浮和永磁悬浮组合技术，代替了传统接触式机械轴承，转子与定子之间没有机械接触，不会产生机械磨损，最大限度的减少了对血细胞的碾压作用，血栓和溶血现象可以有效减轻。它由永磁轴承无位置传感器盘式无刷直流电动机驱动，具有结构简单、运行可靠、维护方便和无级调速等特点。本发明转速低、体积小、重量轻、温升低，可以将泵的入口直接插入人体左心室，泵体置于心包腔内，充分利用了心包腔的空隙，避免在人体内另作囊袋，减轻了患者的痛苦，可以实现人工辅助心脏泵的可靠连续运转。
附图说明
图1为本发明所提供的可植入式磁液悬浮型离心血泵剖视图；
图2为本发明所提供的可植入式磁液悬浮型离心血泵三维示意图；
图3为叶轮示意图；
图4为泵内流道结构示意图。
图中，1叶轮；2磁悬浮动磁环；3电机磁钢；4密封垫片；5上壳体；6第一个线圈；7第一个定子铁芯；8上端盖；9下壳体；10第二个线圈；11第二个定子铁芯；12下端盖；13中心轴壳体；14心轴；15磁悬浮静磁环；16垫片；17底座；18螺钉；19入口；20出口；21叶轮组件；22导流面；23动压结构；24楔形槽；101标准螺旋线；102动压结构曲线。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和具体实施例对本方面进行详细描述：
可植入式磁液悬浮型离心血泵它包括上壳体组件、下壳体组件及叶轮组件。叶轮组件包括叶轮1、磁悬浮动磁环2、电机磁钢3、密封垫片4。叶轮组件为离心泵的叶轮也是电机的转子，在磁悬浮与液悬浮的共同作用下，叶轮1悬浮于泵腔内。叶轮1的内部安装有磁悬浮动磁环2，磁悬浮动磁环2安装在中心轴壳体13上，中心轴壳体13内安装有心轴14，磁悬浮动磁环2套在心轴14上，中心轴壳体13的下部安装在底座17上，中心轴壳体13穿过上壳体5和下壳体9的中心孔，其中，叶轮1有四个叶片，由四个楔形槽隔开，楔形槽为血液导流槽。楔形槽24底面为空间平面，它与水平面和竖直平面均有一定夹角，夹角的大小可根据实际应用进行确定，一般小于90°，在叶轮1的上表面设置有导流面22，导流面22为圆锥面它可以提高血液的流动性能，防止出现血流死区，降低血栓的形成，叶轮1的上部为动压结构23。磁悬浮动磁环2、电机磁钢3嵌入在叶轮1内。将密封垫片4激光焊接与叶轮1下部，使叶轮封闭，避免磁钢与血液接触。
上壳体组件包括上壳体5、线圈6、定子铁芯7和上端盖8。线圈6和定子铁芯7安装在上壳体5内，将上壳体5与上端盖8激光焊接，避免线圈6和定子铁芯7与血液接触。
下壳体组件包括下壳体9、线圈10、定子铁芯11、上端盖12、中心轴壳体13、心轴14、磁悬浮静磁环15、垫片16和底座17。线圈10和定子铁芯11安装在下壳体9内，下壳体9与下端盖12由激光焊接，避免线圈10和定子铁芯11与血液接触。中心轴壳体13与下壳体9由激光焊接固定。磁悬浮静磁环15由心轴14固定于底座17上。在磁悬浮静磁环15的上下表面放置垫片16，垫片16用于调节磁悬浮静磁环15与磁悬浮动磁环2的上下相对位置，起到调节磁悬浮力大小的作用。
上壳体组件与下壳体组件由螺钉21固定。
以下结合附图详细描述本发明的具体结构和工作原理。
如图1所示：电机磁钢3为N、S极性交替排列的永磁磁极，永磁体轴向磁化，在上下壳体各安装一组电机定子铁芯7、11和电机线圈6、10，当线圈通电后，产生轴向旋转磁场，驱动电机磁钢3旋转，从而带动叶轮旋转，将血液由泵壳的进口处轴向吸入，从径向排出，完成人工心脏泵的辅助循环作用。
磁悬浮动磁环2与磁悬浮静磁环15均由三个磁钢组成，磁极按N、S极性相对安放。磁悬浮轴承利用永磁体之间的吸引力和排斥力产生径向和轴向的悬浮力。
如图3所示：叶轮1的上端面设有动压结构23。当叶轮旋转时，血液被带入楔形动压面内，压力液体膜将叶轮与上壳体推开，产生轴向动压悬浮力，当动压悬浮力与轴向磁悬浮力平衡时，叶轮在轴向处于平衡状态。采用有外围环边的动压结构，从动压轴承边界溢出的血液减少，增大了轴承表面液体层厚，增大动压轴承的支撑力，也减小了对血液的剪切力。
如图4所示：泵的径向流道设有动压结构。泵的径向流道的曲线通常为标准螺旋线101，而在本发明中采用的是动压结构曲线102，动压结构曲线形状的泵径向流到即为泵的动压结构。当叶轮旋转时，由于流道内液体压力不均，叶轮将受到径向液压偏心力，导致叶轮偏心。增加径向动压结构后，叶轮在径向受到动压悬浮力，使叶轮的径向偏心力与径向动压悬浮力相互抵消。叶轮在径向处于悬浮平衡状态。
叶轮在动压悬浮力、磁悬浮力的共同作用下处于平衡状态，悬浮在泵腔内，消除了机械摩擦。
在泵腔即上、下壳体的内表面喷涂有陶瓷层，电机定子与转子间的气隙精度容易控制，加工工艺相对比较简单，在增加了泵腔内硬度的同时，也提高了泵腔内的表面光洁度。泵内的流道均平滑过度，无设计死角，无血液的流动死区，不会形成血栓。

Claims (4)

1.可植入式磁液悬浮型离心血泵，它包括上壳体组件、下壳体组件及叶轮组件，叶轮组件位于上壳体组件与下壳体组件之间，其特征在于：所述的叶轮组件包括叶轮（1）、磁悬浮动磁环（2）、电机磁钢（3）、密封垫片（4），其中，叶轮（1）有四个叶片，由四个楔形槽隔开，楔形槽为血液导流槽，楔形槽底面为空间平面，它与水平面和垂直平面均有一定夹角，在叶轮的上表面设置有导流面，磁悬浮动磁环（2）、电机磁钢（3）安装在叶轮（1）内，密封垫片（4）与叶轮（1）构成一个密闭结构；所述的上壳体组件包括上壳体（5）、第一个线圈（6）、定子铁芯（7）和上端盖（8），线圈（6）和第一个定子铁芯（7）安装在上壳体（5）内，上壳体（5）与上端盖（8）固定连接；下壳体组件包括下壳体（9）、第二个线圈（10）、第二个定子铁芯（11）、下端盖（12）、中心轴壳体（13）、心轴（14）、磁悬浮静磁环（15）、垫片（16）和底座（17），第二个线圈（10）和第二个定子铁芯（11）安装在下壳体（9）内，下壳体（9）与下端盖（12）固定连接，中心轴壳体（13）与下壳体（9）构成一整体，磁悬浮静磁环（15）由心轴（14）固定于底座（17）上，垫片（16）位于心轴（14）与磁悬浮静磁环（15）之间。
2.如权利要求1所述的可植入式磁液悬浮型离心血泵，其特征在于：所述的叶轮（1）的上端面设有动压结构（23）。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的可植入式磁液悬浮型离心血泵，其特征在于：泵的径向流道设有动压结构。
4.如权利要求1或2所述的可植入式磁液悬浮型离心血泵，其特征在于：上、下壳体的内表面喷涂有陶瓷层。
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