CN102245557A - Method for producing an ester and binder system - Google Patents

Method for producing an ester and binder system Download PDF

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Publication number
CN102245557A
CN102245557A CN2009801503471A CN200980150347A CN102245557A CN 102245557 A CN102245557 A CN 102245557A CN 2009801503471 A CN2009801503471 A CN 2009801503471A CN 200980150347 A CN200980150347 A CN 200980150347A CN 102245557 A CN102245557 A CN 102245557A
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ester
fatty alcohol
hydroxy
alcohol
benzoic acid
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E·格拉特
W·艾歇勒
J·拉格
J·阿诺德
K·切尔文斯基
E·魏瑟尔
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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Priority to CN201511002176.1A priority Critical patent/CN105364079B/en
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    • C04B35/63—Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B using additives specially adapted for forming the products, e.g.. binder binders
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    • C04B35/63—Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B using additives specially adapted for forming the products, e.g.. binder binders
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    • C04B2235/60—Aspects relating to the preparation, properties or mechanical treatment of green bodies or pre-forms
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    • C04B2235/6022—Injection moulding

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Abstract

The invention relates to a method for producing an ester from a hydroxybenzoic acid and a fatty alcohol for use in a binder system for powder injection moulding by transesterification of an ester from the hydroxybenzoic acid and a lower alcohol having the fatty alcohol, wherein the fatty alcohol and the ester from the hydroxybenzoic acid and the lower alcohol form a reaction mixture and are used substantially equimolar, wherein the transesterification is carried out at a temperature at which the ester from the hydroxybenzoic acid and the lower alcohol and the fatty alcohol are present as a homogenous melt. The invention furthermore relates to a binder system for a powder injection moulding method, comprising 80 to 98 wt % of a metal powder and/or ceramic powder and 1 to 19 wt % of a polymer binder component, wherein there is furthermore 1 to 19 wt % of at least ester, produced from hydroxybenzoic acid and fatty alcohol according to the method according to the invention.

Description

The method and the binder system that prepare ester
Background technology
The present invention relates to from the preparation of hydroxy-benzoic acid and Fatty Alcohol(C12-C14 and C12-C18) be used for powder injection-molded binder system ester method and according to chatting the described binder system that is used for injection molding technique of part before the Patent right requirement 11.
The binder system that is used for powder injection molding process contains a kind of polymeric binder component usually, another kind of binder component, it is the compatible common binding agent of so-called and described polymeric binder component, randomly, for metal-powder in the binding agent that makes fusing or ceramic powder maintenance dispersion, also contain dispergator.The consistency of another kind of binder component and polymeric binder component means, whole binder components in the liquation form the liquid phase of homogeneous, even and in the solid-state binding agent phase (sosoloid) that also mainly is homogeneous, wherein, described another binder component also must be able to be removed (for example by extraction) from the common solid phase when being lower than fusing point, in this process, fairly large expansion neither should take place the polymeric binder component should not form crackle yet.
Usually polymeric amide is used as the polymeric binder component.The common binding agent that is applicable to polymeric amide is, for example, and known N in EP-B0 809 556 or US 5,002,988, N '-diacetyl piperazine or known alkylphenol in DE-C 41 29 952.If what use is alkylphenol, normally contain C 1-C 20The alkylphenol of-alkyl.
For containing the binder system of polymeric amide, also can for example use by different compounds and form and especially contain the common binding agent that the mixture of the ester that P-hydroxybenzoic acid and different Fatty Alcohol(C12-C14 and C12-C18) become is fit to as another kind as the polymer-binder component.This mixture that can purchase on the market has, for example, and the Loxiol 2472 that Cognis company produces
Figure BPA00001409025800011
But, also contain impurity in this mixture, such as, phenol.Phenol belongs to toxic substance and had the vapour pressure of 41hPa when 25 ℃ of temperature in physiology.This may cause discharge in the course of the work phenol and thereby harm the user health.Another shortcoming of the mixture of this different compounds is to occur inhomogenous composition in container.Its reason especially is, charges into the liquation sclerosis from outside to inside especially lentamente in the container, and the fractional crystallization of each composition occurs.The consequence that fractional crystallization causes is the composition of product and the extraction spot correlation in container.Change owing to forming according to extracting point, therefore raw material processing, injection molding and altogether in the solvent extraction of binding agent the reproducibility of powder injection molding process chain suffer damage.Another shortcoming is that the composition of the common binding agent in the injection molding element is emanated out.No matter in extraction process, whether cause this segregation, all can form hole at the segregation point behind the sintering.
Especially using when forming and especially containing mixture by P-hydroxybenzoic acid and the different ester that Fatty Alcohol(C12-C14 and C12-C18) became, show that the injection molding element sticks on the injection mould easily by different compounds.
These shortcomings especially will ascribe to, Fatty Alcohol(C12-C14 and C12-C18) be from natural product, obtain and become mixture usually.In addition, in the known synthetic method of the ester that preparation is become with Fatty Alcohol(C12-C14 and C12-C18) by hydroxy-benzoic acid, can produce byproduct phenol.
Summary of the invention
According to the ester generation transesterification reaction by hydroxy-benzoic acid is become with lower alcohol of the present invention, and be used for the method for the ester of employed binder system when powder injection-molded from the preparation of hydroxy-benzoic acid and Fatty Alcohol(C12-C14 and C12-C18), Fatty Alcohol(C12-C14 and C12-C18) forms reaction mixture with the ester that is become with lower alcohol by hydroxy-benzoic acid, wherein Fatty Alcohol(C12-C14 and C12-C18) and the ester that is become with lower alcohol by hydroxy-benzoic acid be basically with etc. volumetric molar concentration use.When liquation that the ester that is become with lower alcohol by hydroxy-benzoic acid and Fatty Alcohol(C12-C14 and C12-C18) are homogeneous, under this temperature, carry out transesterification reaction.
" first-class substantially volumetric molar concentration " be meant in the present invention, and the ester that is become with lower alcohol by hydroxy-benzoic acid and the mol ratio of Fatty Alcohol(C12-C14 and C12-C18) are 40: 60 to the maximum, preferably are 45: 55 to the maximum, particularly maximum 48: 52, the arbitrary component in these two kinds of components wherein, but preferred fat alcohol can be excessive.
Different with the reaction of hydroxy-benzoic acid and Fatty Alcohol(C12-C14 and C12-C18), the ester that is become with lower alcohol by hydroxy-benzoic acid and the transesterification reaction of Fatty Alcohol(C12-C14 and C12-C18) can be carried out under lower temperature.Because temperature of reaction is lower, has avoided hydroxy-benzoic acid to be become phenol by decarboxylize.Can significantly reduce in this way or even avoid the formation of phenol.React under than the low temperature of the temperature of reaction of hydroxy-benzoic acid and Fatty Alcohol(C12-C14 and C12-C18) owing to ester that is become with lower alcohol by hydroxy-benzoic acid and Fatty Alcohol(C12-C14 and C12-C18) and under lower temperature, just formed the common liquid phase.For example, ethyl p-hydroxybenzoate and equimolar amount 1-behenyl alcohol have just formed the liquid phase of homogeneous usually when 100 ℃ of temperature.Relative therewith, hydroxy-benzoic acid and Fatty Alcohol(C12-C14 and C12-C18) just form the homogeneous liquid phase when temperature surpasses 195 ℃.But under these temperature, begun to slough the carboxyl of P-hydroxybenzoic acid.
Fatty Alcohol(C12-C14 and C12-C18) among the present invention refers to the 1-alkanol that contains at least 16 carbon atoms.The Fatty Alcohol(C12-C14 and C12-C18) that the typical case uses is, for example, and 1-behenyl alcohol (C 22H 45OH), 1-eicosanol (C 20H 41OH) or 1-stearyl alcohol (C 18H 41OH) and their mixture.The Fatty Alcohol(C12-C14 and C12-C18) great majority are to be taken from natural product, as beeswax.These natural product would have been mixture usually.
Usually, to Industrial products ester synthetic for example, use the fatty alcohol mixture that produces by natural product, wherein the composition instability of these mixtures.When these fatty alcohol mixture generation chemical reactions, what obtain is not straight product but the mixture of product.But a kind of like this liquation of product mixture can harden by substep in process of cooling, thereby the composition of solid phase prod is local different in container.This causes the preparation and the characteristics fluctuation of raw material, thereby disturbs powder injection-molded process.Therefore, for fear of this inhomogeneity, the Fatty Alcohol(C12-C14 and C12-C18) that preferably is used to prepare ester contains the Fatty Alcohol(C12-C14 and C12-C18) component of 90 weight % regulation at least.On market, can buy the regulation Fatty Alcohol(C12-C14 and C12-C18) of different purity.
According to the present invention, " hydroxy-benzoic acid " refers to salicylic acid, any mixture of P-hydroxybenzoic acid or salicylic acid and P-hydroxybenzoic acid.Correspondingly, the ester that is become with lower alcohol by hydroxy-benzoic acid or be p-Hydroxybenzoate, o-hydroxybenzoate or their mixture by the ester of hydroxy-benzoic acid and Fatty Alcohol(C12-C14 and C12-C18) preparation.
Refer to C according to lower alcohol of the present invention 1-C 4-alkanol.Preferred lower alcohol is meant methyl alcohol, ethanol, 1-propyl alcohol and 1-butanols.Particularly preferred lower alcohol is methyl alcohol and ethanol.The ester that hydroxy-benzoic acid is become with lower alcohol so especially methyl p-hydroxybenzoate, Methyl Salicylate, ethyl p-hydroxybenzoate and salicylic acid ethyl ester.Also can use the mixture of corresponding ester.
In the process for preparing ester by hydroxy-benzoic acid and Fatty Alcohol(C12-C14 and C12-C18),, preferably will from molecular balance, remove away by the cracked lower alcohol when the transesterification reaction by distillment in order to improve the transesterify degree.Because when reaction needs certain temperature, so lower alcohol removing the back gasification usually, therefore can be from reaction mixture as vapor removal.In addition, the advantage of doing like this is, lower alcohol can not be included in the product as impurity, promptly is included in by in hydroxy-benzoic acid and the ester that Fatty Alcohol(C12-C14 and C12-C18) is become.
One preferred embodiment in, transesterification reaction is carried out in the presence of catalyzer.Especially stanniferous organometallics is fit to do catalyzer.Use catalyzer can avoid occurring free P-hydroxybenzoic acid or salicylic acid as intermediates.Can get rid of by the carboxyl of sloughing hydroxy-benzoic acid whereby and form phenol undesirablely.
Preferred especially, the stanniferous organometallics that is used as catalyzer is a Dibutyltin oxide, dibutyl tin laurate or butyl stannic oxide oxyhydroxide (butyl stannonic acid).By the quality of reaction mixture, catalyst consumption is preferably between 0.1-1 weight %.By the quality of reaction mixture, catalyst consumption is particularly preferably between the 0.2-0.5 weight %.
Oxidation takes place for fear of reactant (i.e. ester and the Fatty Alcohol(C12-C14 and C12-C18) that is become with lower alcohol by hydroxy-benzoic acid) or product (being the ester that hydroxy-benzoic acid is become with Fatty Alcohol(C12-C14 and C12-C18)); with for lower alcohol is removed from reaction mixture; so that the employed ester that is become with lower alcohol by hydroxy-benzoic acid almost entirely can be transformed into the ester that is become with Fatty Alcohol(C12-C14 and C12-C18) by hydroxy-benzoic acid by transesterification reaction; in a preferred embodiment one shielding gas conductance is crossed the reaction liquation, this shielding gas stream especially can be taken the lower alcohol that forms out of from liquation.Preferably the shielding gas conductance condenser that has lower alcohol.
Being suitable as the shielding gas of being led reaction mixture has, for example, and nitrogen, argon gas and/or carbonic acid gas.Preferably carbon dioxide especially wherein is because carbonic acid gas hinders the hydroxy-benzoic acid decarboxylize.
If the use catalyzer preferably adds a catalyzer by part in ester-exchange reaction.Can realize having only a spot of oxygen input to be attached in the reaction mixture by adding catalyzer.Make reactant or product oxidized for fear of input, preferably in reaction mixture, add a spot of reductive agent owing to oxygen.By the quality of reaction mixture, the content of reductive agent is preferably between 001-1 weight %.Be fit to do having of reductive agent, for example, quinhydrones, just-tert-butyl phenol or st-yrax, wherein quinhydrones is particularly suitable for, because the oxygenated products of its brown can be removed from for example acetone soln of this product by gac.
Because content is little, the reductive agent in the product can not cause and disturb and can remove by the recrystallization of product in case of necessity.
The ester that is become with Fatty Alcohol(C12-C14 and C12-C18) by hydroxy-benzoic acid according to method preparation of the present invention is clear, colorless liquid under temperature of reaction, and it does not contain free phenol.Because the purity of the Fatty Alcohol(C12-C14 and C12-C18) that uses, promptly the Fatty Alcohol(C12-C14 and C12-C18) components contents surpasses 90 weight %, the basic homogeneous of the composition of described ester.Do not need extra purifying treatment, and when sclerosis, can not form different product cuts.Can come purifying treatment reactant, catalyzer and reductive agent by for example carrying out recrystallization in the acetone in case of necessity at suitable solvent.
Surpassing 99% by P-hydroxybenzoic acid or salicylic acid and the formed ester of Fatty Alcohol(C12-C14 and C12-C18) under 48 ℃ temperature can dissolve in acetone.Only contained catalyzer can form residue in this ester.Can think that in addition formed ester is harmless on physiology.
It is 80-90 weight % that the present invention relates to a kind of its metal-powder content of binder system and/or ceramic powder content that is used for powder injection molding process in addition, and polymeric binder component content is 1-19 weight %.According to the present invention, also contain 1-19 weight % according to the method described above from least a ester of hydroxy-benzoic acid and Fatty Alcohol(C12-C14 and C12-C18) preparation.
Usually use polymeric amide as the polymeric binder component in the binder system.Suitable polymeric amide is for example copolyamide 612 (being made by hexanolactam and laurolactam), the mixture of polymeric amide 11 and polymeric amide 12 or polyether block amide (PEBA)
The metal-powder that is used for powder injection molding process normally only contains a kind of metal or contains the mixture and/or or even the powder of alloy of two or more metal.
As ceramic powder can be for example aluminum oxide, zirconium dioxide, silicon nitride or silicon carbide powder.Also can use the mixture of forming by two or more above-mentioned pottery.In addition, can also use the mixture that not only contains metal-powder but also contain ceramic powder.But, preferably use the binder system that contains metal-powder or ceramic powder.
The front was introduced, and the hydroxy-benzoic acid that is used to prepare ester is salicylic acid or P-hydroxybenzoic acid or their mixture.
In order to access the liquation of homogeneous,, be at least 90 weight % from the content of the ester of the Fatty Alcohol(C12-C14 and C12-C18) component preparation of regulation in addition preferably by the quality of ester.
Contain to form as the binder system of binding agent altogether and polymeric amide from the ester of hydroxy-benzoic acid and Fatty Alcohol(C12-C14 and C12-C18) preparation and have the liquid phase of common fusing point as the polymeric binder component according to method of the present invention.Polymeric binder component and the common formed common high ductibility that after sclerosis, has of binding agent.Another advantage according to binder system of the present invention is, by using suitable solvent, for example acetone, can from the common liquation of hardened, extract being total to binding agent, and remaining polymeric binder component, for example polymeric amide can not expand or checking basically.
The ester that use is become with Fatty Alcohol(C12-C14 and C12-C18) by hydroxy-benzoic acid also has an advantage, be that ester itself is exactly a dispergator, therefore can make the polymeric binder component and altogether metal powder particles or the ceramic powder particle in the liquation of binding agent keep dispersion state, therefore and no longer need to add other dispersion agent, for example, lipid acid.The advantage that polymeric binder component and the common formed common phase of binding agent are had is that the ductility of compound is enough high, can be designed to tunnel gate to the cast gate of injection mould the inside.In addition, can find out can not gone out when the sclerosis of injection mould the inside, therefore can avoid in the agglomerating tissue, hole being arranged by segregation according to the ester that is become with Fatty Alcohol(C12-C14 and C12-C18) by hydroxy-benzoic acid of method preparation of the present invention.Binding agent also has wax sample characteristic altogether, therefore as releasing agent, thereby can avoid the cast gate on injection molding member and the mould to stick together.

Claims (15)

1. by making the ester and the Fatty Alcohol(C12-C14 and C12-C18) generation transesterification reaction that are become with lower alcohol by hydroxy-benzoic acid, preparation is used for the method for the ester that is become with Fatty Alcohol(C12-C14 and C12-C18) by hydroxy-benzoic acid of powder injection-molded employed binder system, wherein, the ester that described Fatty Alcohol(C12-C14 and C12-C18) and described hydroxy-benzoic acid are become with lower alcohol form reaction mixture and basically with etc. volumetric molar concentration use, wherein under the temperature that ester that hydroxy-benzoic acid is become with lower alcohol and Fatty Alcohol(C12-C14 and C12-C18) are the homogeneous liquation, carry out described transesterification reaction.
2. according to the method for claim 1, it is characterized in that Fatty Alcohol(C12-C14 and C12-C18) comprises the 1-behenyl alcohol, 1-eicosanol, 1-stearyl alcohol or their mixture.
3. according to the method for claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that Fatty Alcohol(C12-C14 and C12-C18) contains the regulation Fatty Alcohol(C12-C14 and C12-C18) component of at least 90 weight %.
4. according to the method for one of claim 1 to 3, it is characterized in that, will from reaction mixture, remove by the cracked lower alcohol when the transesterification reaction by distillation.
5. according to the method for one of claim 1 to 4, it is characterized in that transesterification reaction is carried out in the presence of catalyzer.
6. according to the method for claim 5, it is characterized in that catalyzer is stanniferous organometallics.
7. according to the method for claim 6, it is characterized in that stanniferous organometallics is a Dibutyltin oxide, two bay dibutyl acid tin or butyl stannic oxide oxyhydroxide.
8. according to the method for one of claim 5 to 7, it is characterized in that by the quality of reaction mixture, catalyst consumption is 0.1-1 weight %.
9. according to the method for one of claim 1 to 8, it is characterized in that, the shielding gas conductance is crossed reaction mixture.
10. according to the method for one of claim 1 to 9, it is characterized in that, in reaction mixture, add reductive agent.
11. be used for the binder system of powder injection molding process, it contains the metal-powder of 80-98 weight % and/or the polymeric binder component of ceramic powder and 1-19 weight %, it is characterized in that, also contain 1-19 weight % according to the method for one of claim 1 to 8 at least a ester by hydroxy-benzoic acid and Fatty Alcohol(C12-C14 and C12-C18) preparation.
12. the binder system according to claim 11 is characterized in that, the polymeric binder component is a polymeric amide.
13. the binder system according to claim 12 is characterized in that, polymeric amide is a copolyamide 612, the mixture or the polyether block amide of polymeric amide 11 and polymeric amide 12.
14. the binder system according to one of claim 11 to 13 is characterized in that, hydroxy-benzoic acid is salicylic acid or P-hydroxybenzoic acid.
15. the binder system according to one of claim 11 to 14 is characterized in that, by the quality of ester, is at least 90 weight % by the content of the ester of the Fatty Alcohol(C12-C14 and C12-C18) component preparation of regulation.
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