CN102235972B - Spectral method of color measurement - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to a spectral method of color measurement, characterized by that: according to reflectance spectrums of a standard board and a comparative substance, establishing a color parameter database, carrying out data fusion between the collected color feature parameters of the substance to be measured and the color parameter database, and carrying out pattern recognition. According to the invention, a rapid, simple and objective measurement of the color of the substance is provided, the impacts of artificial factors, change of time and space and other uncertainties in the traditional subjective visual method on the accuracy of the measurement are avoided, so that the justice and fairness of the measure result is guaranteed.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of spectral method of color measurement, the method can be used for the materials such as seed to plant, blade and carries out Non-Destructive Testing.
Background technology
How accurately, evaluation is deposited in the materials such as seed together, blade objectively, or be deposited in the industrial goods of shape in small, broken bits together, people pursue the problem solving, and have also obtained certain achievement.The tealeaves of take below describes as example.
Tealeaves, as traditional natural drink, has been subject to common people's welcome always.Along with the growth of Tea Consumption, it is more and more important that the evaluation of tea leaf quality becomes.But tealeaves color mainly still adopts subjective visual method to evaluate, visual method is subject to the impact of the uncertain factors such as human factor and time, space change and easily causes error, is difficult to make objective evaluation.
In laboratory for main method colored colour difference meter method, Computer Recognition Technology and the spectrum picture technology of tealeaves color objective detection.
Color colour difference meter method is mainly for homogeneous body, and blank, hawk and all kinds of colour tables etc., because its surface color is even, only need compared with small size color, to obtain whole colouring information by color colorimeter measurement.Tea Industry circular Vol.17No.2:1 (1995) adopts color colour difference meter method and L
*a
*b
*the chromatic value of color specification system characterizes tealeaves color, and through standard white plate, proofread and correct, and all adopt standard sources to irradiate, the color characteristic that reflects sample zonule that therefore can be objective and accurate, and have higher repeatability; But because tealeaves belongs to heterogeneous object, the local shade deviation on surface is larger, and the detection area of the method is less, even if adopt multimetering to be also difficult to description and the evaluation of the overall color and luster of a certain tealeaves.
Computer Recognition Technology, adopts CCD camera obtain tealeaves image and differentiate by computer color analysis as detecting element, is a kind of widely used tealeaves method for measuring color.Refer to agricultural mechanical journal Vol.31No.4:67 (2000), Jiangsu University's journal (natural science edition) Vol.26No.6:461 (2005), the method can directly be obtained the image information of larger area tealeaves, meets the cognition custom of people to tealeaves color.But adopt certain light source can cause the image of shooting different from tealeaves true colors under natural light; In the situation that do not consider the correction of CCD camera colo(u)r bias, the color of image of acquisition there are differences with real tealeaves color.Adopt same equipment can distinguish accurately the relative color distortion of tealeaves, but can not true reappearance tealeaves color.In actual trading, lack unified standard, cannot evaluate for justice.
Spectrum picture technology is the fusion of spectral analysis technique and image processing techniques, has both advantages concurrently, is that tealeaves color quick nondestructive detects a new research method.He Yong (spectroscopy and spectral analysis, Vol.28No.11:2527 (2008)), Chen Quansheng (Acta Optica, Vol.28No.4:669 (2008)) etc. people adopts respectively this technology to distinguish the tealeaves of different stage, owing to accurately obtaining spectral information, therefore the accuracy of its differentiation is very high, and can generally be suitable for.But this technology can not directly obtain color parameter, therefore can not describe intuitively tealeaves color and make evaluation.In addition, owing to will obtaining the image information of different wave length, image data amount is large, and post-processed is complicated, is therefore mainly used at present the research of laboratory to tealeaves, is not suitable for the requirement of industrial Quick Measurement.
Summary of the invention
In view of the deficiencies in the prior art, the object of this invention is to provide a kind of spectral method of color measurement, the method can accurately obtain color parameter, can form standardized objective evaluation again, what both guaranteed whereby to test in trading is just, can be applicable to again the requirement of industrial test.
Spectral method of color measurement of the present invention comprises the following steps:
(1) adopt visible wide spectrum light source to irradiate detection viewing field with 45 °, on-gauge plate is placed in to detection viewing field, and adopt spectrometer (14) to accept the reflected light from described on-gauge plate, thereby obtain on-gauge plate reflectance spectrum;
(2) sample box that first contrast material is housed is placed in to described detection viewing field, adopt visible wide spectrum light source to irradiate detection viewing field with 45 °, and adopt spectrometer to accept the reflected light from described material to be checked, thereby obtain first contrast material reflectance spectrum;
(3) repeating step (2) repeatedly, first contrast material reflectance spectrum repeatedly obtaining is average and obtain first contrast material average reflection spectrum;
(4) by on-gauge plate reflectance spectrum, first contrast material average reflection spectrum and on-gauge plate spectral reflectance substitution CIE1976L under D65 standard sources, 45 °/0 ° test condition
*a
*b
*in uniform colour space and colour difference formula, calculate the Color characteristics parameters L of first contrast material
*, a
*, b
*;
(5) choose many batches of contrast materials, and carry out above-mentioned steps (1), (2), (3) and (4) for every a collection of comparison matter, thereby obtain the Color characteristics parameters L of many batches of contrast materials
*, a
*, b
*;
(6) according to the Color characteristics parameters L of above-mentioned first contrast material and many batches of contrast materials
*, a
*, b
*set up color parameter database;
(7) choose material to be checked, for this material to be checked, carry out above-mentioned steps (1), (2), (3) and (4), to obtain the Color characteristics parameters L of material to be checked
*, a
*, b
*;
(8) by the Color characteristics parameters L of this material to be checked
*, a
*, b
*merge the row mode of going forward side by side identification with above-mentioned color parameter database Develop Data.
In spectral method of color measurement of the present invention, described material to be checked is preferably seed or the blade of plant, such as being tealeaves, tobacco leaf, pipe tobacco, corn seed, soya seeds, rapeseed etc.Obviously, the present invention also goes for the detection of the industrial goods such as small size sheet, granular chemical materials.
In the present invention, preferably adopt digital camera to obtain the picture of described material to be checked, and with the Color characteristics parameters L of this material to be checked
*, a
*, b
*storage accordingly.
In the present invention, preferably in darkroom, carry out above-mentioned steps (1), (2), (5) and (7), to avoid the impact of parasitic light.
In addition, in the present invention, described visible wide spectrum light source preferably adopts stabilized current supply power supply.
Preferably, before visible wide spectrum light source, add gradual change frosted glass, to form uniform light distribution on shadow surface.
Preferably, in the parallel direction of the material surface with in sample box, the center of sample box is apart the spot radius size of this visible wide spectrum light source on this shadow surface with the center of visible wide spectrum light source shadow surface of material surface in sample box, the center superposition of the center of described visible wide spectrum light source shadow surface and the probe of described spectrometer.
Preferably, described sample box rotates to stepping in detection viewing field; More preferably, described sample box is placed on the electric rotary table in detection viewing field, by the integral time interval greater than spectrometer of each step rotation of computer regulated electric rotary table.
Preferably, adopt the method for classifying modes of BF neural network to set up pattern recognition model.About neural network especially refers to theory and the method > > of the < < Neural Network Structure Design of 2005 Nian You National Defense Industry Press publication about the document of BF neural network, the Design of Virtual Instrument > > (this book) of the < < that the author who publishes for 2003 is Liu Junhua based on LabVIEW, and the author who publishes for 2006 is Han Li group < < artificial neural network study course > >.
According to the present invention, can Quick Measurement in a big way in the overall color of material to be checked, compare with color colour difference meter, can obtain the material color information to be checked of certain area, more accurate than multimetering, and be not subject to the impact of detecting element self misalignment, really realize the absolute measurement of color; The color parameter of measuring is formed to database, and set up recognition mode and avoid the artificial judgement difference under different situations, not only realize objective measurement, and guarantee objective evaluation.Therefore the present invention compares with classic method, has objective, advantage accurately.
Accompanying drawing explanation
The tealeaves of usining with reference to the accompanying drawings is specifically introduced the present invention as the example of material to be checked.In figure:
Fig. 1 is the spectral method of color measurement hardware schematic diagram of tealeaves color;
Fig. 2 is the spectral method of color measurement software module of tealeaves color;
Fig. 3 is the spectral method of color measurement pattern-recognition flow process of tealeaves color.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, describe in detail according to the embodiment of the present invention.It is pointed out that these accompanying drawings are only schematically, nor be necessarily drawn to scale, do not form the restriction to protection scope of the present invention.
Light source of the present invention preferably adopts the wide spectrum light source that can send 380nm-780nm visible spectrum, for example bromine tungsten filament lamp.Before lamp, be provided with gradual change frosted glass 14, this gradual change frosted glass 14 can make them different in different local transmitances according to the light intensity of light source, to reach the uniform requirement of light distribution through outgoing after frosted glass.Adopt this light source to irradiate detection viewing field with 45 °.This detection viewing field is the surface level at place, tealeaves described later surface.On-gauge plate is placed in to detection viewing field, and adopts spectrometer to accept the reflected light from described on-gauge plate, thereby obtain on-gauge plate reflectance spectrum.
The sample box 9 that first contrast tealeaves is housed is placed in to described detection viewing field, adopts above-mentioned light source to irradiate detection viewing field with 45 °, and adopt spectrometer to accept the reflected light from described contrast tealeaves, thereby obtain first contrast material reflectance spectrum; Rotary sample box also repeatedly repeats this step, and first contrast material reflectance spectrum repeatedly obtaining is on average obtained to first contrast material average reflection spectrum.By on-gauge plate reflectance spectrum, first contrast tealeaves average reflection spectrum and on-gauge plate spectral reflectance substitution CIE1976L under D65 standard sources, 45 °/0 ° test condition
*a
*b
*in uniform colour space and colour difference formula, calculate the Color characteristics parameters L of first contrast tealeaves
*, a
*, b
*.
Choose many batches of contrast tealeaves, and carry out above-mentioned steps for every a collection of contrast tealeaves, thereby obtain the Color characteristics parameters L of many batches of contrast tealeaves
*, a
*, b
*.
According to the Color characteristics parameters L of above-mentioned first contrast tealeaves and many batches of contrast tealeaves
*, a
*, b
*set up color parameter database, standby comparison tealeaves to be checked.
When detecting tealeaves, tealeaves to be checked is filled to sample box 9, after covering sample lid 10, be placed on rotary electric platform 7, connect shake oscillator power supply 17, shake 1 minute, guarantee, after Tea Samples surfacing, to take off sample lid.Open subsequently light source, bromine tungsten filament lamp 13.After turning on lamp power supply 16, make bromine tungsten filament lamp 13 preheating numbers minute.It is the even light distribution of Φ 40mm that the light that makes to arrive detection viewing field (test surface, at the surface level at place, Tea Samples surface) forms diameter.Detection viewing field center is coaxial with the center of detector (being the optical fiber interface 12 of spectrometer), and the spot center forming at test surface with light source is at a distance of 20mm.By fiber spectrometer 15, obtain on-gauge plate 6 reflectance spectrum φ 1 (λ).Control translation motorized stage 4 and make sample box be placed in detection viewing field, control 7 rotations of rotary electric platform, arrange that fiber spectrometer often rotates a circle at this rotary electric platform 7 during in repeatedly sample, obtain thus tealeaves surface reflectance spectra φ 2 (λ).This sampling number can be determined according to instruction of the present invention and actual conditions by those skilled in the art, for example, sample 72 times.Finally adopt digital camera take tealeaves image and store.
At this, it should be noted that, for the acquisition pattern of reflectance spectrum of on-gauge plate and contrast tealeaves, can be identical with the mode of reflectance spectrum that obtains above-mentioned tealeaves to be checked.
Due to known on-gauge plate spectral reflectance ρ 1 (λ), obtain averaged spectrum reflectance ρ 2 (λ)=φ 2 (λ) * ρ 1 (λ)/φ 1 (λ) of sample surfaces to be checked, according to cie color system tristimulus values calculating formula:
Wherein,
s (λ) is that the relative spectral power of D65 light source distributes.
it is CIE specified standard colourity observer's spectral tristimulus value.K is normalization coefficient,
Δ λ=5mm wherein.In visible-range inner product, divide and obtain tristimulus values X, Y, Z.
Thereby calculate L
*, a
*, b
*the color space:
Wherein, X
n, Y
n, Z
nfor CIE standard illuminants is radiated on perfectly diffusion reflector, reflex to the white tristimulus values in observer's face.
Obtain color parameter L
*, a
*, b
*.Finally, according to color parameter, adopt the BF neural network of three-decker to judge the color of tealeaves.The BF neural network of this three-decker has 3 inputs, and output layer is 1 neuron, and hidden neuron is defined as 4 through experiment.
In the present invention, light source adopts the bromine tungsten filament lamp of DC current stabilized power supply power supply, light stability; Adopt shake and translation motorized stage sample presentation in sample chamber, avoid the impact of effects on surface planarization in artificial sample presentation process, guarantee the repeatedly consistance of sample presentation condition; Adopt large-scale irradiated area and detection area and repeatedly measure and be averaged the average reflection spectrum that obtains tealeaves, improving the anisotropic property of tealeaves; Adopt digital camera store images, because remeasuring the trade dispute causing after tealeaves variable color; Adopt CCD spectrometer as detector can Quick Measurement in a big way in the overall color of tealeaves, compare with color colour difference meter, can obtain the tealeaves colouring information of certain area, more accurate than multimetering, compare with the CCD camera in Computer Recognition Technology, be not subject to the impact of detecting element self misalignment, really realize the absolute measurement of color; Adopt 18% hawk as on-gauge plate, avoid standard white plate reflection too high, tealeaves reflection is low, causes the problem that signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) is low; And without the impact of mirror image gloss, more accurately reflect actual color feature.The color parameter of measuring is formed to database, and set up recognition mode and avoid the artificial judgement difference under different situations, not only realize objective measurement, and guarantee objective evaluation.Therefore this device is compared with classic method, has objective, advantage accurately, and its repeatability precision can reach ± and 0.5%.
The characteristic parameter of measuring for 5 times of table 1 blue mountains and green waters and 2 kinds of green bamboo snakes.
Specific embodiment described herein is only to the explanation for example of the present invention's spirit.Those skilled in the art can make various modifications or supplement or adopt similar mode to substitute described embodiment, and can be individually or adopt in combination above-mentioned each feature, do not depart from spirit of the present invention, do not exceed the scope that appended claims limits yet.
Claims (9)
1. a spectral method of color measurement, is characterized in that, before visible wide spectrum light source, adds gradual change frosted glass, to form uniform light distribution on shadow surface, this spectral method of color measurement comprises the following steps:
(1) adopt visible wide spectrum light source to irradiate detection viewing field with 45 °, this detection viewing field is the surface level at place, tealeaves surface, on-gauge plate is placed in to detection viewing field, and adopts spectrometer (14) to receive the reflected light from described on-gauge plate, thereby obtain on-gauge plate reflectance spectrum;
(2) sample box that first contrast material is housed is placed in to described detection viewing field, adopt visible wide spectrum light source to irradiate detection viewing field with 45 °, and adopt spectrometer (14) to receive the reflected light from described contrast material, thereby obtain first contrast material reflectance spectrum;
(3) repeating step (2) repeatedly, first contrast material reflectance spectrum repeatedly obtaining is average and obtain first contrast material average reflection spectrum;
(4) by on-gauge plate reflectance spectrum, first contrast material average reflection spectrum and on-gauge plate spectral reflectance substitution CIE1976L under D65 standard sources, 45 °/0 ° test condition
*a
*b
*in uniform colour space and colour difference formula, calculate the Color characteristics parameters L of first contrast material
*, a
*, b
*;
(5) choose many batches of contrast materials, and carry out above-mentioned steps (1), (2), (3) and (4) for every a collection of comparison matter, thereby obtain the Color characteristics parameters L of many batches of contrast materials
*, a
*, b
*;
(6) according to the Color characteristics parameters L of above-mentioned first contrast material and many batches of contrast materials
*, a
*, b
*set up color parameter database;
(7) choose material to be checked, for this material to be checked, carry out above-mentioned steps (1), (2), (3) and (4), to obtain the Color characteristics parameters L of material to be checked
*, a
*, b
*;
(8) by the Color characteristics parameters L of this material to be checked
*, a
*, b
*merge the row mode of going forward side by side identification with above-mentioned color parameter database Develop Data.
2. spectral method of color measurement as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that:
Seed or blade that described material to be checked is plant.
3. spectral method of color measurement as claimed in claim 1 or 2, is characterized in that:
In step (8) afterwards, adopt digital camera (11) to obtain the picture of described material to be checked, and with the Color characteristics parameters L of this material to be checked
*, a
*, b
*storage accordingly.
4. spectral method of color measurement as claimed in claim 1 or 2, is characterized in that: in darkroom, carry out above-mentioned steps (1), (2), (5) and (7), to avoid the impact of parasitic light.
5. spectral method of color measurement as claimed in claim 1 or 2, is characterized in that: described visible wide spectrum light source adopts stabilized current supply power supply.
6. spectral method of color measurement as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that: in the parallel direction of the material surface with in sample box, the center of the center of sample box and visible wide spectrum light source shadow surface of material surface in sample box is at a distance of be that this visible wide spectrum light source spot radius on material surface in sample box is big or small, the center superposition of described visible the wide spectrum light source center of the shadow surface of material surface and optical fiber interface of described spectrometer in sample box.
7. spectral method of color measurement as claimed in claim 1 or 2, is characterized in that: described sample box rotates to stepping in detection viewing field.
8. spectral method of color measurement as claimed in claim 7, is characterized in that: described sample box is placed on the electric rotary table in detection viewing field, by the integral time interval greater than spectrometer of each step rotation of computer regulated electric rotary table.
9. spectral method of color measurement as claimed in claim 1 or 2, is characterized in that: adopt the method for classifying modes of BF neural network to set up pattern recognition model.
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| CN102829872A (en) * | 2012-08-14 | 2012-12-19 | 北京印刷学院 | Method and device for color measurement with contact image sensor |
| CN105300522A (en) * | 2015-09-20 | 2016-02-03 | 杭州电子科技大学 | Chromaticity quantitative calculation method capable of reducing influence of color measurement uncertainty |
| CN107578067A (en) * | 2017-09-15 | 2018-01-12 | 国家烟草质量监督检验中心 | A kind of recognition methods of pipe tobacco component and device based on convolutional neural networks |
| DE102017218118B4 (en) * | 2017-10-11 | 2021-12-23 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Method and information system for obtaining plant information |
| CN108627458A (en) * | 2018-04-02 | 2018-10-09 | 江苏科泰检测技术服务有限公司 | Spectral method of detection and system |
| CN110411955B (en) * | 2019-07-15 | 2022-05-20 | 中山大学中山眼科中心 | Artificial intelligence prediction system for predicting color and smell of substance based on molecular characteristics |
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