CN102229125B - 一种使用聚丙烯片材制备超疏水表面的方法 - Google Patents

一种使用聚丙烯片材制备超疏水表面的方法 Download PDF

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CN102229125B
CN102229125B CN201110115034.1A CN201110115034A CN102229125B CN 102229125 B CN102229125 B CN 102229125B CN 201110115034 A CN201110115034 A CN 201110115034A CN 102229125 B CN102229125 B CN 102229125B
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CN102229125A (zh
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石璞
陈洪
袁志庆
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Hunan University of Technology
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/03—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the extruded material at extrusion
    • B29C48/04—Particle-shaped
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/36—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
    • B29C48/395—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die using screws surrounded by a cooperating barrel, e.g. single screw extruders
    • B29C48/40—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die using screws surrounded by a cooperating barrel, e.g. single screw extruders using two or more parallel screws or at least two parallel non-intermeshing screws, e.g. twin screw extruders

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  • Treatments Of Macromolecular Shaped Articles (AREA)
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Abstract

本发明属于超疏水表面制备技术领域，提供了一种制备超疏水聚丙烯片材的方法。首先按照配方称取100质量份的聚丙烯、4～16质量份粒径为40～100nm纳米碳酸钙和其它添加剂，经双螺杆挤出机造粒后，由注塑机注射出聚丙烯片材。再通过砂纸打磨、乙醇清洗、甲苯溶胀、水清洗和烘箱干燥等手段，得到有超疏水表面的聚丙烯片材。本发明提供的方法操作不需要昂贵的设备、工艺简单、可控性好、成本低、无需复杂的化学处理。

Description

一种使用聚丙烯片材制备超疏水表面的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种使用聚丙烯片材制备超疏水表面的方法，属材料表面领域。
技术背景
超疏水表面是指与水接触角(WCA)大于150°、滚动角小于10°的表面。具有该特性表面的材料具有防水、防污、减少流体的粘滞、难粘等特性，自然界中最典型的天然超疏水材料就是荷叶。具有这种新型表面的材料将给人们的日常生活带来便利。如不久的将来，可望普及防污防水的衣服、阻力小的军舰和导弹外涂层、免洗玻璃和免洗外墙等。
要使超疏水表面在实际工农业生产及日常生活中真正使用，超疏水表面的制备是关键，也是基础。一般来说，超疏水表面可以通过两类技术路线来制备：一类是在低表面能的疏水材料表面上构建微米-纳米级粗糙结构；另外一类路线是用低表面能物质在微米-纳米级粗糙结构上进行修饰处理。其中，如何制备合适的微米-纳米级粗糙结构是实验研究和理论研究的关键。从制备方法来说，主要有蒸汽诱导相分离法、模板印刷法、电纺法、溶胶-凝胶法、模板挤压法、激光和等离子体刻蚀法、拉伸法、腐蚀法以及其它方法。然而，现有的这些方法要么使用昂贵的材料如表面能极低的氟化硅氧烷，要么需要特殊的加工设备如等离子加工设备或复杂的工艺过程，因而成本较高，难以产业化。因此发明一种简单而且成本低的技术制备超疏水表面是非常有必要的。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种简单而又成本低的方法制备具有超疏水表面性能的聚丙烯片材。
本发明的技术方案是使用双螺杆挤出机制备聚丙烯/纳米碳酸钙复合片材。具体配方为：聚丙烯100份、纳米碳酸钙10～16份、马来酸酐接枝聚丙烯(PP-g-MAH)2～4份、白矿油0.2份、TAF润滑剂0.2份。具体工艺为：双螺杆挤出机十段加工温度为：195℃、210℃、220℃、215℃、210℃、205℃、215℃、205℃和190℃，喂料频率为11Hz，主机频率为28Hz。制备出的聚丙烯/纳米碳酸钙复合片材主要力学性能为拉伸强度30～35MPa、断裂伸长率为50～200％、弯曲强度为34～41MPa、弯曲模量为1100～1300MPa、缺口冲击强度为5.2～8.0KJ/m2。先使用400目粗砂纸打磨聚丙烯片材的表面，再使用600目砂纸精细打磨表面。使用乙醇清洗打磨后聚丙烯片材的表面后，将清洗后的试样放入90℃甲苯中浸泡2～3小时，取出样品。然后将取出的样品放在热水中清洗。最后将清洗干净的样品放入烘箱中，烘箱温度设为90～100℃，7-8h后取出样品。即可获得疏水效果良好的聚丙烯片材。当纳米碳酸钙含量在10份以上时，所处理表面与水的接触角在150°～157°之间，水滴在涂层表面的滚动角小于10°，具有超疏水特征。
附图说明
图1.聚丙烯/13wt％纳米碳酸钙片材表面与水的接触角测试图(157°)。
具体实施方式
分别使用4份、7份、10份、13份和16份纳米碳酸钙与聚丙烯制备成片材，通过400目粗砂纸和600目细砂纸打磨，然后使用乙醇清洗片材，再将清洗后的试样放入90℃甲苯中浸泡2.5小时，取出样品。然后将取出的样品放在热水中清洗。最后将清洗干净的样品放入烘箱中，烘箱温度设为90℃，8h后取出样品。即可获得接触角分别为146°、148°、152°、157°、154°的聚丙烯片材。

Claims (1)

1.一种使用聚丙烯片材制备超疏水表面的方法，其特征是：超疏水聚丙烯片材包含聚丙烯100份、纳米碳酸钙10～16份、马来酸酐接枝聚丙烯(PP-g-MAH)2～4份、白矿油0.2份、TAF润滑剂0.2份；
所述超疏水聚丙烯片材处理表面与水的接触角在150°～157°之间，水滴在涂层表面的滚动角小于10°；
所述超疏水聚丙烯片材的制备方法，制备步骤包括：
(1)按照配方称取相应质量的聚丙烯、纳米碳酸钙和其它添加剂，经双螺杆挤出机造粒后，由注塑机注射出聚丙烯片材；纳米碳酸钙粒径为40～100nm；
(2)先使用400目粗砂纸打磨聚丙烯片材的表面，再使用600目砂纸精细打磨表面；
(3)使用乙醇清洗打磨后聚丙烯片材的表面；
(4)将清洗后的试样放入90℃甲苯中浸泡2～3小时，取出样品；
(5)将取出的样品放在热水中清洗；
(6)样品清洗后放入烘箱中，烘箱温度设为90～100℃，7～8h后取出样品。
CN201110115034.1A 2011-05-05 2011-05-05 一种使用聚丙烯片材制备超疏水表面的方法 Expired - Fee Related CN102229125B (zh)

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CN102527619A (zh) * 2012-02-15 2012-07-04 湖南工业大学 耐久型铝及铝合金超疏水表面涂层的制备方法
CN102675782A (zh) * 2012-06-02 2012-09-19 南昌航空大学 一种耐磨可修复聚合物复合材料超疏水表面的制备方法
CN103755996A (zh) * 2013-12-18 2014-04-30 中国科学院化学研究所 超疏液聚丙烯材料及其制备方法与应用
CN108586916A (zh) * 2018-03-29 2018-09-28 浙江兴宇高分子材料科技有限公司 一种超疏水导电复合材料的制备方法

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