CN102227581A - 电磁调整单元 - Google Patents

电磁调整单元 Download PDF

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CN102227581A
CN102227581A CN2009801475081A CN200980147508A CN102227581A CN 102227581 A CN102227581 A CN 102227581A CN 2009801475081 A CN2009801475081 A CN 2009801475081A CN 200980147508 A CN200980147508 A CN 200980147508A CN 102227581 A CN102227581 A CN 102227581A
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interface
control
valve
control section
pressure medium
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CN102227581B (zh
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延斯·霍佩
安德烈亚斯·勒尔
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Fifth Schaeffler Investment Management & CoKg GmbH
Schaeffler Technologies AG and Co KG
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16KVALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K11/00Multiple-way valves, e.g. mixing valves; Pipe fittings incorporating such valves
    • F16K11/02Multiple-way valves, e.g. mixing valves; Pipe fittings incorporating such valves with all movable sealing faces moving as one unit
    • F16K11/06Multiple-way valves, e.g. mixing valves; Pipe fittings incorporating such valves with all movable sealing faces moving as one unit comprising only sliding valves, i.e. sliding closure elements
    • F16K11/065Multiple-way valves, e.g. mixing valves; Pipe fittings incorporating such valves with all movable sealing faces moving as one unit comprising only sliding valves, i.e. sliding closure elements with linearly sliding closure members
    • F16K11/07Multiple-way valves, e.g. mixing valves; Pipe fittings incorporating such valves with all movable sealing faces moving as one unit comprising only sliding valves, i.e. sliding closure elements with linearly sliding closure members with cylindrical slides
    • F16K11/0712Multiple-way valves, e.g. mixing valves; Pipe fittings incorporating such valves with all movable sealing faces moving as one unit comprising only sliding valves, i.e. sliding closure elements with linearly sliding closure members with cylindrical slides comprising particular spool-valve sealing means
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16KVALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K31/00Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices
    • F16K31/02Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices electric; magnetic
    • F16K31/06Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices electric; magnetic using a magnet, e.g. diaphragm valves, cutting off by means of a liquid
    • F16K31/0603Multiple-way valves
    • F16K31/061Sliding valves
    • F16K31/0613Sliding valves with cylindrical slides
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01LCYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L1/00Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear
    • F01L1/34Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear characterised by the provision of means for changing the timing of the valves without changing the duration of opening and without affecting the magnitude of the valve lift
    • F01L1/344Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear characterised by the provision of means for changing the timing of the valves without changing the duration of opening and without affecting the magnitude of the valve lift changing the angular relationship between crankshaft and camshaft, e.g. using helicoidal gear
    • F01L1/3442Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear characterised by the provision of means for changing the timing of the valves without changing the duration of opening and without affecting the magnitude of the valve lift changing the angular relationship between crankshaft and camshaft, e.g. using helicoidal gear using hydraulic chambers with variable volume to transmit the rotating force
    • F01L2001/34423Details relating to the hydraulic feeding circuit
    • F01L2001/34426Oil control valves
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T137/00Fluid handling
    • Y10T137/8593Systems
    • Y10T137/86493Multi-way valve unit
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T137/00Fluid handling
    • Y10T137/8593Systems
    • Y10T137/86493Multi-way valve unit
    • Y10T137/86574Supply and exhaust
    • Y10T137/8667Reciprocating valve
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T137/00Fluid handling
    • Y10T137/8593Systems
    • Y10T137/86493Multi-way valve unit
    • Y10T137/86574Supply and exhaust
    • Y10T137/8667Reciprocating valve
    • Y10T137/86694Piston valve
    • Y10T137/86702With internal flow passage

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Multiple-Way Valves (AREA)
  • Magnetically Actuated Valves (AREA)
  • Valve Device For Special Equipments (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种液压换向阀(1),该液压换向阀具有阀壳体(4)和以可移动的方式布置在该阀壳体内的控制柱塞(5),其中,阀壳体(4)具有至少一个流出接口(T)、流入接口(P)和工作接口(A、B),其中,控制柱塞(5)具有基体(7)和至少一个控制区段(8),其中,控制区段(8)使压力介质流从流入接口(P)导向工作接口(A、B)和/或使压力介质流从工作接口(A、B)导向流出接口(T),以及其中,控制区段(8)与基体(7)分离地制造并且固定在该基体上。

Description

电磁调整单元
技术领域
本发明涉及一种液压换向阀,该换向阀具有阀壳体和以可移动的方式布置在该阀壳体内的控制柱塞,其中,阀壳体具有至少一个流出接口、流入接口以及工作接口,其中,控制柱塞具有基体和至少一个控制区段,其中,控制区段将压力介质流从流入接口导向工作接口和/或将压力介质流从工作接口导向流出接口,以及其中,控制区段与基体分离地制造并且固定在该基体上。
背景技术
这样的液压换向阀,例如比例换向阀,在内燃机中使用,例如用来驱控液压凸轮轴调节器或能开关的凸轮从动件。液压阀由电磁调整单元和阀区段构成。阀区段是换向阀的液压区段,其中,在所述液压区段上构造有至少一个流入接口、至少一个工作接口以及油箱接口。借助电磁调整单元可以有针对性地将阀区段的特定的接口液压地相互连接进而引导压力介质流。
这样的液压阀例如在DE 102 30 966 A1中公开。液压阀具有阀区段和电磁调整单元。
阀区段由阀壳体和以可轴向移动的方式布置在该阀壳体内的控制柱塞构成。阀壳体布置在电磁调整单元的磁轭的容纳开口内并且与该磁轭位置固定地相连接。在阀壳体的外壳面上构造有三个压力介质接口、一个流入接口和两个工作接口。此外,设置有一个轴向的流出接口。在阀壳体的内部以可轴向移动的方式布置有控制柱塞,其中,在控制柱塞上构造有两个控制区段。控制区段的外直径与阀壳体的内直径相匹配。借助控制区段可以依赖于控制柱塞相对阀壳体的相对姿态有选择地将压力介质接口相互连接起来或彼此分开。控制区段构造为在控制柱塞上的呈环形的结构。在此,控制区段部分地覆盖构造为在阀壳体内的径向开口的工作接口,由此,阻断或允许压力介质流从流入接口流到工作接口或压力介质流从工作接口流到流出接口。
对这样的换向阀提出两个对立的要求。一方面,压力介质到工作接口的流入量应明显高于从另一个工作接口的流出量。这确保了凸轮轴调节器的高操控稳定性。首先考虑内燃机的工作点,在这些工作点存在高温进而低压力介质粘度,并且内燃机以低转速运行。在这些工作点,从压力介质泵输送到流入接口以及与该流入接口连接的工作接口的压力介质量较小。同时,基于低粘度实现了从另一个工作接口到流出接口的高流出量。
此外,提出液压阀压力损失较小的要求。这一要求尤其在压力介质具有高粘度的低温下是不可忽视的。公知的液压换向阀仅不充分地考虑到了该要求。
发明内容
因此,本发明基于以下任务,即,创造一种液压换向阀,该液压换向阀尤其在低温下具有低压力损失并且即使在高温下也具有高操控稳定性。
依据本发明,该任务由以下方式来解决,即,控制区段相比基体在控制柱塞的移动方向上具有更大的线热膨胀系数。
液压换向阀具有阀壳体和布置在该阀壳体内并且能移动的控制柱塞。阀壳体和控制柱塞例如可以基本上构造为空心圆柱形的。在此,控制柱塞可以例如借助电磁调整单元在轴向上在阀壳体内部移动。阀壳体具有至少一个流出接口、流入接口以及工作接口,其中,工作接口和流入接口或流出接口可以构造为阀壳体的径向开口。控制柱塞具有基体和至少一个控制区段,其中,该控制区段与阀壳体的内壳面相匹配。基体可以例如由板件构造为注塑件或车削件。例如可以使用钢、镁或铝之类的轻金属或合成材料作为原料。
控制区段依赖于控制柱塞相对阀壳体的姿态阻断压力介质流从流入接口流到工作接口或从工作接口流到流出接口,而该控制区段允许在各其它接口之间的压力介质流。此外,可以设置控制柱塞相对阀壳体的姿态,除了泄漏之外,在这些姿态中,压力介质完全由控制区段禁止流至工作接口或从该工作接口流出。这可以例如由以下方式实现,即,控制区段部分地覆盖实施为径向开口的工作接口。
控制区段与基体分离地制造并且固定在该基体上。在此,控制区段相比基体在控制柱塞的移动方向上具有更大的线热膨胀系数。
由此,控制区段的膨胀能以如下方式设计,即,当工作接口在与流入接口相连通的压力介质导引结构方向上被阻断时,使得由控制区段对工作接口的遮盖较小。由此,在工作接口和流出接口之间获得相对较大的通流横截面,由此,在换向阀内将压力损失最小化。随着温度上升,控制区段的轴向延伸增长,由此,对从工作接口到流出接口的体积流量加以节流,进而达到所连接的例如是凸轮轴调节器的消耗器的高操控稳定性。
有利的是,控制区段垂直于控制柱塞的移动方向地具有和基体相同或至少近似的线热膨胀系数。由此避免控制柱塞在高温下在阀壳体内卡住,或避免泄漏在低温下达到无法容忍的高数值。
在本发明的一种扩展构造中作如下设置,即,基体具有止挡,控制区段在控制柱塞的移动方向上贴靠在该止挡上。由此,控制区段在移动方向之一上位置固定,线膨胀仅沿处于相反的方向进行。在此,止挡有利地布置在与流入接口相连通的压力介质导引结构和控制区段之间。由此,控制区段的线膨胀仅对在工作接口和流出接口之间的连接造成影响。
在本发明的具体化方案中建议:控制区段由聚酰胺构成,例如由PA66构成。
附图说明
本发明其它的特征由接下来的说明以及在其中简化表示出本发明的实施例的附图得出。其中:
图1示出液压换向阀的第一种依据本发明的实施方式的局部纵剖图;
图2示出液压换向阀的第二种依据本发明的实施方式的纵剖图。
具体实施方式
图1和图2以实施为四位三通比例换向阀的换向阀1为例示出了依据本发明的液压换向阀1的第一和第二种实施方式。
在图1中表示出的换向阀1具有例如是电磁调整单元2的调整单元2,以及阀区段3,其中,阀区段3与调整单元2固定连接。这类换向阀1通常布置在容纳件中,所述容纳件例如构造在气缸盖、气缸盖罩、曲轴箱、变速器壳体或类似物中。
阀区段3具有基本上构造为空心圆柱形的阀壳体4以及基本上构造为空心圆柱形的控制柱塞5。
在阀壳体4的外壳面上构造有多个压力介质接口A、B、P,这些压力介质接口通过凹陷部6与阀壳体4的内部相连通。附加地,阀壳体4的背对电磁调整单元2的开口充当流出接口T。充当流入接口的中间的压力介质接口P通过未示出的压力介质管路与同样未示出的压力介质泵相连通。两个靠外的压力介质接口A、B充当工作接口,这些工作接口例如与未示出的凸轮轴调节器相连通。流出接口T与同样未示出的压力介质贮存器连通。
控制柱塞5以可轴向移动的方式布置在阀壳体4内。该控制柱塞由基体7和两个与该基体分离地制造的控制区段8构成。控制区段8布置在控制柱塞5的外壳面上并且构造为活塞环岸形式。控制区段8的外直径与阀壳体4的内直径相匹配。控制区段8在轴向上贴靠构造在基体7上的止挡9。在此,止挡9设置在控制区段8的朝向流入接口P的侧上。此外,在基体7上设置有将基体7的外部与其内部相连接的开口10。
通过给调整单元2通电,可以使控制柱塞5克服弹簧元件14的力移动到在两个端部止挡之间的任意位置中并保持在该处。通过控制柱塞5相对阀壳体4的恰当的轴向定位,相邻的压力介质接口A、B、P能够相互连接。各自未与流入接口P连接的工作接口A、B同时与油箱接口T连接。为此目的,在每个控制区段8上构造有两个在其轴向端部上的控制棱边12、13。控制区段11的第一控制棱边12依赖于控制柱塞5在阀壳体4内的姿态阻断在流入接口P和相应的工作接口A、B之间的连接,而另一个控制区段11的第二控制棱边13则阻断在另一个工作接口A、B与流出接口T之间的连接。
在内燃机运行期间,向流入接口P输送压力介质,所述压力介质通过凹陷部6到达在阀壳体4内部的、在所示实施方式中为环形槽11的压力介质导引结构中。压力介质依赖于控制柱塞5相对阀壳体4的姿态到达第一或第二工作接口A、B,并从该处通过压力介质管路到达消耗器。同时,压力介质从消耗器到达另一个工作接口A、B,并从该处或通过开口10和控制柱塞5的内部或者直接到达流出接口T。
控制区段8由一种相比基体7在轴向上具有更大的线热膨胀系数的材料构成。在垂直于移动方向的平面内,控制区段8具有大致上与基体7相一致的线热膨胀系数。因为控制区段8在轴向上贴靠在止挡9上,所以第一控制棱边12的轴向位置并未随着温度上升而发生变化。与之对应的是,基于依赖于温度的线膨胀,第二控制棱边13的轴向位置随着温度上升而在基体7的轴向端部方向上移动。由此在低温下,在流入接口P和其中一个工作接口A、B之间的通流面积给定时,在另一个工作接口A、B和流出接口T之间存在相对较大的通流面积。这导致在该工作接口A、B和流出接口T之间存在相对较小的压力损失。
随着温度上升,在工作接口A、B和流出接口T之间的通流面积缩小。由此,尽管压力介质的粘度变小,仍然可以维持消耗器的高操控稳定性。
图2示出了换向阀1的另一种依据本发明的实施方式。在该实施方式中,阀区段3不与未示出的调整单元位置固定地连接。更确切地说,阀区段2布置在消耗器内部,例如布置在凸轮轴调节器的内部转子内,并且调整单元3在轴向上与之错开地定位。调整单元的调整运动可以例如借助未示出的推杆传递到控制柱塞5上。
在该实施方式中,通过流入接口P将压力介质输送给换向阀1。压力介质通过流入接口P的凹陷部6到达构造在控制柱塞5上的第二环形槽15中,并且通过第一开口16到达其内部中。压力介质从该处通过第二开口17到达在所示实施方式中为环形槽11的压力介质导引结构中。压力介质依赖于控制柱塞5相对阀壳体4的姿态从该处到达第一或第二工作接口A、B,并且从该处到达液压消耗器。压力介质同时从消耗器到达另一个工作接口A、B,并且从该处或者直接到达轴向的流出接口T,或者通过第三环形槽18到达径向的流出接口T。
与第一种实施方式有所不同的是,止挡9的外直径与阀壳体4的内直径相匹配。由此,第一控制棱边12构造在止挡9上,且第二控制棱边13构造在控制区段8上。如第一种实施方式中那样,第一控制棱边12相对基体7的轴向位置随温度变化保持恒定,而第二控制棱边13距相应的第一控制棱边12的轴向距离则随着温度上升而增大。
附图标记列表
1 换向阀
2 调整单元
3 阀区段
4 阀壳体
5 控制柱塞
6 凹陷部
7 基体
8 控制区段
9 止挡
10 开口
11 环形槽
12 第一控制棱边
13 第二控制棱边
14 弹簧元件
15 第二环形槽
16 第一开口
17 第二开口
18 第三环形槽
P 流入接口
T 油箱接口
A 第一工作接口
B 第二工作接口

Claims (5)

1.液压换向阀(1),所述液压换向阀具有阀壳体(4)和以可移动的方式布置在该阀壳体内的控制柱塞(5),
-其中,所述阀壳体(4)具有至少一个流出接口(T)、流入接口(P)和工作接口(A、B),
-其中,所述控制柱塞(5)具有基体(7)和至少一个控制区段(8),
-其中,所述控制区段(8)控制从所述流入接口(P)向所述工作接口(A、B)的压力介质流并且/或者控制从所述工作接口(A、B)向所述流出接口(T)的压力介质流,以及
-其中,所述控制区段(8)与所述基体(7)分离地制造成并且固定在所述基体上,
其特征在于,与所述基体(7)相比,所述控制区段(8)在所述控制柱塞(5)的移动方向上具有更大的线热膨胀系数。
2.按权利要求1所述的液压换向阀(1),其特征在于,所述控制区段(8)垂直于所述控制柱塞(5)的移动方向地具有与所述基体(7)相同或至少近似相同的线热膨胀系数。
3.按权利要求1所述的液压换向阀(1),其特征在于,所述基体(7)具有止挡(9),所述控制区段(8)在所述控制柱塞(5)的移动方向上贴靠在所述止挡上。
4.按权利要求3所述的液压换向阀(1),其特征在于,所述止挡(9)布置在与所述流入接口(P)相连通的压力介质引导结构(11)和所述控制区段(8)之间。
5.按权利要求1所述的液压换向阀(1),其特征在于,所述控制区段(8)由聚酰胺构成,例如由PA66构成。
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