CN1022268C - Power saving speed adjusting and remanence erasure by torque type electromagnet - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention provides a new electromagnet with energy saving and adjustable starting speed for eliminating remanence by torque, which has the characteristics that a parallel connection mode is adopted for an adjusting potentiometer of the time constant of a differential circuit; consequently, the electromagnet has a large adjusting range; a resistance capacitance circuit has the three functions of thyristor protection, power supply filtering and oscillating demagnetization; the method that the torque makes an armature relative to an iron core generate tiny oscillation (or rotation) is adopted for eliminating remanence.

Description

Power saving speed adjusting and remanence erasure by torque type electromagnet

The present invention relates to the electromagnet technology.

When all there is adhesive in tradition alterating and direct current magnet energy-conservation when starting contradiction fast.Publication number CN1038543A and application number 90200692.3 patents and " low-voltage electrical apparatus " 85 years the 2nd phase article " the AC brake electromagnet changes DC operation into " has proposed the two dc power supply technical scheme, will start and the adhesive power supply separately, in order to energy-conservation.Technology remains in many weak points described in above-mentioned three pieces of documents: 1, the supply and AC component is bigger, still has the problem that wastes energy; 2, start the non-combined floodgate power supply of power supply, toggle speed is influenced; 3, phase shift triggering or non-passing zero trigger are unfavorable to quickening startup; 4, start power supply and touching a direct power supply during the adhesive, suction reduces rapid increase with air gap, impacts in the time of must causing adhesive; 5, fly-wheel diode will delay the magnetic process of cutting off the power supply.Application number is the way that the application for a patent for invention specification of 90108316.X has proposed to overcome the problems referred to above, except the degaussing crack is zero, full-bridge rectification, bidirectional thyristor be for starting the source switch feature, also designed thyristor independent and the identical AC side of adhesive power supply and triggered power supply and produce the triggering signal differential circuit and point out to start the power supply power-on time and start to close a floodgate and send before the electricity adhesive finally, thereby not only solved power saving but also solved quick startup problem and avoided inhaling and impacted.But the technology of describing in this application specification remains in following deficiency:

1. the no degaussing crack measure of being taked will cause near the extremely steep suction curve adhesive face, during use (for example adhesive face is made dirty) slightly accidentally, the suction-combining force sharply be descended.For this reason, the suction-combining force coefficient of safety must be selected bigger (for example 1.3～1.5).So, frequent excessive the suction-combining force will cause remanent magnetism suction excessive, realize bringing difficulty for outage armature release movement, improve the release energy consumption, and will be unfavorable energy-conservation.Also there is the problem of wasting energy in traditional electrical magnet degaussing mode.

2. if do not use bidirectional thyristor, and use unidirectional thyristor to connect or be half-bridge with two unidirectional thyristors with starting rectifier bridge, another half-bridge integrated device does not have resistance capaciting absorpting circuit just improper.

3. potentiometer (variable resistor) is connected with gate pole or negative electrode and had several problems in the differential circuit: 1. the gate pole internal resistance is a dynamic electric resistor, its value is less, guest performer's resistance will produce very big pressure drop, make gate pole internal resistance pressure drop very little, this just makes the spike voltage live part that is applied on the gate pole diminish, (live part is that spike can trigger that part of width of gate pole, for example greater than 0.4 volt of part.) this just makes startup power supply power-on time adjustable extent narrow down.If 2. make guest performer's resistance little to the gate pole dynamic electric resistor quite or less than the gate pole dynamic electric resistor, RC time constant adjustable extent is narrowed down, and too small outer meeting resistance also makes the RC time constant produce bigger variation with the dynamic change of gate pole internal resistance, is difficult to artificial way control.3. the differential circuit input is the step voltage of full-bridge rectification, because of no filtering measures, to cause leading-edge steepness to send the stochastic regime of electricity that bigger variation is arranged, thereby the spike forward position also change thereupon, makes effective pulsewidth less stable under same capacitance resistance value situation with combined floodgate.The problems referred to above exist makes the adjustable scope of toggle speed (touching the adhesive required time) very little.

The present invention seeks in order to solve all defectives that the 90108316.X patent application exists, make new electromagnet further energy-conservation, widen the adjustable-speed scope, existing bigger suction coefficient of safety makes the outage degaussing easy again, make technical scheme that above-mentioned application is carried more become to improving and be convenient to practical application, and solve the traditional electrical magnet degaussing problem that wastes energy.

Technical scheme of the present invention is:

1. described potentiometer is taked scheme in parallel: as shown in Figure 1, potentiometer 9(variable resistor) a termination thyristor negative electrode, resistance 11 opposite sides that a termination is connected with gate pole, perhaps as Fig. 2 show 9 with connect with 11 again after cloudy, gate pole is in parallel.The choosing value of resistance 11 can be zero, equals not want 11.The benefit of doing like this is: the 1. result of connection in series-parallel resistance, and make the dynamic change of the dynamic internal resistance of gate pole be subjected to the strangulation of two resistance, thereby make the RC time constant relatively stable, be convenient to regulate and start the power supply power-on time, be beneficial to the adjusting toggle speed.2. when the triggering supply voltage is low, 11 values can get the small value or null value (cancellation), strengthen electric capacity 8 capacitances, still can utilize 9 to adjust, and tandem plan is if the potentiometer resistance value is too little or when being zero (to guarantee enough trigger voltages), also lost and utilizes the potentiometer possibility of speed governing in a big way even if increase 8 capacity.3. when 9,11 values are zero, promptly turn off the startup power supply, satisfy in particular cases and use, increased the flexibility of work of electromagnet.4. resistance 11 has the pressure limiting effect, when the triggering supply voltage is too high, can be used for protecting gate pole.

2. trigger power supply and increase filtering measures: as shown in Figure 1, electric capacity 12 carries out simple first-order filtering (also can adopt other filtering methods), the benefit of doing like this is: 1. send electricity to pay the limit when at random higher-frequency oscillatory surge occurring at transformer when closing a floodgate, filter will make oscillation amplitude reduce, DC component increases, avoid the input range shakiness of differential circuit, leading-edge steepness changes bad phenomenon greatly.2. make step input more near perfect condition, reduce the excessive and fluctuation of electric capacity 8 chargings that produce of alternating current component, and this fluctuation directly influences the stability that gate pole triggers.These two advantages all are of value to the control that starts power supply, also promptly are beneficial to speed governing.

3. the resistance-capacitance circuit with coils from parallel connection of coils is set.Such scheme benefit is: 1. when adopting unidirectional thyristor to be used to start power supply, it plays the absorption circuit function of protection thyristor; 2. filtering is carried out in full-wave rectification, helped reducing the alternating current component of electric current in the coil, further energy-conservation; When 3. the coil-end magnitude of voltage is lower than the rectifier bridge voltage drop value when adhesive, suitable as long as the capacitance-resistance value is selected, the attenuated oscillation of this resistance-capacitance circuit after coil just can produce outage.The reverse current that utilizes vibration to produce is eliminated a part of remanent magnetism.Oscillating condition just can be found by general electrotechnics book.Consider influence that rectifier bridge exists and be not difficult to find the capacitance-resistance value that (or half cycle) just steadily get off of only vibrating several weeks through experiment common engineering personnel.

4. adopt the moment degaussing.The tradition demagnetizing method has two: one is the degaussing air gap, the 2nd, and the degaussing counter-force.Experimental results demonstrate that the degaussing air gap produces huge magnetic pressure and falls.The degaussing counter-force is meant to be offset remanent magnetism power and forces identical with suction force action line that armature opens, the external force that direction is opposite, the spring restoring force and the Japanese publication number that are articulated on the armature that for example generally adopt at present can spring force all be this degaussing counter-forces for depositing of 56-107546 patent design.This counter-force exists shortcoming to be: (1) counterforce device has been offset the useful the suction-combining force of a part (be half sometimes, even more than half), wastes energy, suction is big more, remanent magnetism magnetic force is big more, and counter-force is just big more, for operate as normal, selected electromagnet suction specification is also big more, forms vicious circle.

The technology of the present invention key is: the counter-force position is not on suction force action line, and (also claim electromagnetic actuation to face and claim axis), its purpose is not counteracting remanent magnetism power but makes armature do small swing (or rotation) relative to iron core.The magnetic line of force shape of the sealing that forms between iron core and the armature when effect of this small sway is change adhesive attitude, just look like to be to have cut off the magnetic line of force, thereby upset existing magnetic field magnetic order and structure, also just upset in armature and the iron core " magnetic element " pole arrangement and caused armature to discharge.Experiment showed, that the counter-force that this generation moment makes armature carry out minor rotation has only 1/5～1/10 of remanent magnetism power.This advantage not only can reduce the power level specification of the electromagnet that uses, further energy-conservation, material-saving, and also iron material selects the requirement can lower (the coercive force index request is reduced), has big economic worth.

Must be pointed out that above-mentioned degaussing is rotated (or swing) to beating type electromagnet, is to take place closing on rotational plane and the armature plane vertical with iron core adhesive plane with bat.Although armature also was that relative iron core rotates when beating type electromagnet discharged, the purpose of this rotation is to be counteracting remanent magnetism power fully, and its counter-force position is identical with the magnetic adhesion position.For direct drive type electro magnet, described rotation is to take place on arbitrary plane vertical with described adhesive plane.Obviously, above-mentioned rotation only occurs over just the beginning of release movement.

In order to realize above-mentioned minor rotation, electromagnet structure should produce one and cause torque, a spring energy storage device that departs from symmetrical centre for example is installed, the moment at the relative adhesive face center that the recovery counter-force that this device produces behind coil blackout forms on armature or iron core; And for example armature back-moving spring axis runout symmetrical centre also can produce the moment that armature is rotated.

5. optimum implementation.Fig. 1 is the electric power system figure of this scheme.After the switch 1 of control work of electromagnet closed a floodgate, single phase alternating current (A.C.) voltage was introduced circuit by terminals 2 and 3.Transformer 4 becomes this single-phase voltage the used low-voltage of adhesive power supply and puts in order respectively through rectification 5 and 6 is adhesive and the required low-voltage of differential circuit.As described above, resistance 11 joins in parallel with potentiometer 9 with the resistance utmost point of thyristor 10 again.11 value will be decided on the value that transformer is paid polygonal voltage and electric capacity 8.In general, high more its value of voltage exists more, and big more its value of electric capacity 8 capacity is more little.It is one of alternative plans that the AC side of rectifier bridge 7 is connected to bidirectional thyristor 10, another program is that unidirectional thyristor 10 of 7 DC side serial connection ' (this scheme only is fit to little suction electromagnet as Fig. 2, otherwise still need fly-wheel diode in case 10 ' can not reliably close), certainly can also be with two unidirectional thyristors and half-bridge a 7 ' formation full-bridge rectification such as a Fig. 3.13 is discharge resistances of 8 among Fig. 1, and 14,15 are respectively the resistance and the electric capacity of aforementioned capacitance-resistance resistance, and 16 is coil.Fig. 4 is an electromagnet mechanical construction drawing in the optimum implementation, has shown a carapace type tractive electromagnet structure, and its state is adhesive.Wherein 16 is coils, the 17th, and crust, the 18th, case top lid, the 19th, armature, its intermediate sulcus groove are used for dress and are pulled pull bar or spring.The 20th, encapsulate the gland of the spring energy storage device of above-mentioned generation degaussing moment, 21,22 spring and the pellet shot from a slingshot (bullet shaped shown in can be that are respectively this device, also can be steel ball or round tip of step is arranged), after 16 outages, the counter-force that compressed spring 21 applies by 22 pairs of loam cakes 18 of pellet shot from a slingshot during adhesive, symmetrical centre forms one and makes the 19 energy moment of minor rotation clockwise relatively.Guiding copper sheathing 23 allows to produce such rotation with the gap of the thin end of armature.23 upper and lower side is contained in the flat of loam cake and bottom 24 respectively to be ended on the seat, and the small stair that ends seat is the required only button of assembly technology.The hole of drawing 16 conductor terminals that two symmetries are arranged on 24,24 also are fixed on itself and plastic feet 26 always by screw 25.When electromagnet will be installed on the equipment, 24,26 were fixed to electromagnet on the equipment by screw hole 30 usefulness screws or bolt together.The 27th, the bottom of encapsulation electric power system, the 28th, the printed circuit board (PCB) of this system and 29 are power electric components.The electric power system that is encapsulated in the base is connected terminal 31 and speed-regulating potentiometer swing handle 32(or the turn-knob that part is an order cross streams electricity outward with base).

Above-mentioned optimum implementation also is an embodiment.Tractive electromagnet with 8 kilograms of 25 millimeters strokes of this scheme trial-production uses power to have only 0.15 watt, and the alternating current tracting magnet of same size is 130 watts.This product toggle speed adjustable range is to be transferred to 0.08 second from 0.01 second start-up time and not have obviously impact.If do not have moment demagnetizer and vibration degausser, the degaussing counter-force is 4.5 kilograms, and degaussing immediately after the outage behind this device and the circuit has been arranged, and does not find remanent magnetism suction when promoting armature.

The technology of the present invention can be used for the technological transformation of various model electromagnet and all model changes of electromagnet.

Claims (6)

1, a kind of energy-conservation, speed governing, moment degaussing electromagnet, comprise electric power system, coil, iron core, armature, it is characterized in that: speed-regulating potentiometer adopts parallel way in the differential circuit of triggering thyristor, the DC source of differential circuit has filter, described coil one side resistance-capacitance circuit in parallel, for direct dynamic structure, on armature or iron core, install one and cause the torque generation device, for the clapper-type structure then is to close the plane at armature or iron core perpendicular to bat, install one on the direction on adhesive plane and cause the torque generation device, thereby these devices of outage back make armature do little the rotation relative to iron core to be caused discharging, and release movement starts from this rotation.

2, according to the described electromagnet of claim 1, it is characterized in that: the circuit in parallel with described potentiometer is the thyristor negative electrode to gate pole and is serially connected in gate pole or resistance that negative electrode is other, perhaps there is not this resistance, potentiometer is directly in parallel with the gate pole negative electrode, perhaps directly after the parallel connection again electric capacity with in parallel between go here and there a resistance.

3, according to the described electromagnet of claim 1, it is characterized in that: the described double thyristor protection circuit of doing of resistance-capacitance circuit that is connected in parallel on the coil starts and the filter circuit of adhesive DC power supply and the back vibration demagnetization circuit of cutting off the electricity supply.

4, electromagnet according to claim 1 is characterized in that: for beating type electromagnet, described rotation is to take place closing on rotational plane and armature the 3rd plane vertical with iron core adhesive plane with bat; For direct drive type electro magnet, described rotation is to take place on arbitrary plane vertical with described adhesive plane.

5, according to the described electromagnet of claim 1, it is characterized in that: the described torque generation device that causes is a spring that departs from symmetrical centre.

6, according to the described electromagnet of claim 1, it is characterized in that: electric power system is encapsulated in the electromagnet base, and base has the terminal and the speed-regulating potentiometer of order cross streams power supply to revolve end outward.

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