CN102226290A - 一种使电镀硬铬层致密化的方法 - Google Patents

一种使电镀硬铬层致密化的方法 Download PDF

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CN102226290A
CN102226290A CN2011101575591A CN201110157559A CN102226290A CN 102226290 A CN102226290 A CN 102226290A CN 2011101575591 A CN2011101575591 A CN 2011101575591A CN 201110157559 A CN201110157559 A CN 201110157559A CN 102226290 A CN102226290 A CN 102226290A
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durionise
hard chromium
chromium layer
electroplating hard
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CN102226290B (zh
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孟保利
高长海
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Xian Aircraft Industry Group Co Ltd
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Xian Aircraft Industry Group Co Ltd
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Abstract

一种使电镀硬铬层表面致密化的方法,首先按照常规工艺对金属基体进行电镀硬铬层处理并烘烤,再采用一定规格的弹丸和以一定的冲击强度、冲击角度以及覆盖率对金属零件的电镀硬铬层进行冲击处理,使电镀硬铬层表面致密、裂纹间隙变小,使电镀硬铬层成为无拉应力状态,大大改善了电镀硬铬层的结构缺陷引起的基体腐蚀、剥落或裂纹现象。

Description

一种使电镀硬铬层致密化的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种使电镀硬铬层致密化的方法,特别适合应用于金属基体上电沉积硬铬镀层之后获得更好的防护能力,并使基体不受镀层应力影响,属于金属特殊加工技术领域。
背景技术
电镀硬铬镀层具有硬度高(一般为HV700~1000)和耐磨性相对较好,在空气中能长期保持表面光亮等优点,并且工艺相对比较简单,既能为复杂工件的外表面提供镀覆层,又能为工件的内腔提供耐磨的镀覆层,同时加工成本较低。采用电镀硬铬方法改善工件的表面硬度是表面工程中最经济的方法之一,电镀硬铬技术是为钢铁、铜合金、铝合金和钛合金等金属零件表面提供耐磨层和防护层的最广泛手段。长期以来,电镀硬铬层广泛用作机械零部件的耐磨和装饰层,同时电镀硬铬技术还常常用来修复零件尺寸。
但是,电镀硬铬镀层具有较大的拉应力,使电沉积镀层存在微裂纹,并且从最初形成沉积层开始就存在裂纹,因此,随着镀层厚度增加,在镀层内部不可避免地会存在穿透性和贯通性的裂纹,(1)导致需要保持高压的密封腔体内的液压或气压缓慢降低,因而使密封性能难以保证,出现俗称的“冒汗”现象;(2)导致需要抗腐蚀防护的钢铁、铜合金和铝合金基体过早的出现腐蚀;(3)导致滑动或滚动摩擦过程中镀层破损或剥落;(4)对于轴类零件,随着镀层厚度增加,镀层内部的拉应力也相应增大,镀层表面的裂纹宽度和长度都会增大,这些微裂纹和镀层的拉应力会成为金属基体的裂纹源,导致轴类零件的金属基体也产生裂纹,严重时会导致零件失效。尽管有镀层研压、液体封闭等许多方法改善电镀硬铬层,但是上述现象并未根除。
发明内容
本发明提供了一种对电镀硬铬层进行致密化处理的方法,是指通过采用一定规格的玻璃丸或陶瓷丸、以一定的强度和覆盖率对金属零件的电镀硬铬层进行冲击处理。
本发明的使电镀硬铬层表面致密化的方法,首先按照常规工艺对金属基体进行电镀硬铬层处理并烘烤,再采用规格为0.1mm~1.0mm的弹丸、以0.08mmA~0.40mmA的冲击强度、冲击角度为弹丸流与被喷表面的夹角为45°~90°冲击覆盖率为100%~600%的参数对金属零件的电镀硬铬层进行冲击处理。
本发明的有益效果在于:由于小圆形弹丸对金属表面进行冲击,结果使表面金属产生屈服而发生塑性变形并在表面留下弹坑,从而将使电镀硬铬层本身所特有的裂纹间隙变得非常小,甚至消失,能使完成电镀过程的电镀硬铬层获得致密和无拉应力的结构,大大改善了电镀硬铬层的结构缺陷引起的基体腐蚀、剥落或裂纹现象。
以下提供试验实例更明显的凸显出本申请的优点。
具体实施例
本发明提供的试验实例是取两组同样钢材质基体的试样,一组按常规电镀硬铬工艺就进行耐腐蚀测验;第二组按本发明的使电镀硬铬层致密化的方法,对试样进行常规电镀硬铬工艺后再进行喷丸强化处理,使电镀硬铬层致密化,再进行耐腐蚀测验。试验结果如下:
第一组两块4130钢试样,首先按电镀硬铬工艺电镀至镀层厚度20m~40μm;然后按ASTM B117进行耐蚀性试验,连续暴露48小时后检查电镀硬铬层表面,整个试样表面出现红色腐蚀产物;
第二组两块4130钢试样,按电镀硬铬工艺电镀至镀层厚度20μm~40μm;再采用规格为0.3mm的陶瓷丸,冲击强度为0.16mmA,冲击角度为弹丸流与被喷表面的夹角为90°,覆盖率为100%,对试样表面进行冲击处理;然后按ASTM B117进行耐蚀性试验,连续暴露48小时后检查电镀硬铬层表面,试样表面无红色腐蚀产物;连续暴露500小时后检查电镀硬铬层表面,试验表面仍无红色腐蚀产物。
根据试验在电镀硬铬层表面进行喷丸致密化时,弹丸的规格最好为0.1mm~0.4mm的玻璃丸或陶瓷丸,对电镀硬铬层表面冲击覆盖率最好为100%~300%。

Claims (3)

1.一种使电镀硬铬层表面致密化的方法,其特征在于,首先按照常规工艺对金属基体进行电镀硬铬层处理并烘烤,再采用规格为0.1mm~1.0mm的弹丸、以0.08mmA~0.40mmA的冲击强度、冲击角度为弹丸流与被喷表面的夹角为45°~90°冲击覆盖率为100%~600%的参数对金属零件的电镀硬铬层进行冲击处理。
2.如权利要求1所述的电镀硬铬层表面致密化的方法,其特征在于所述的弹丸规格为0.1mm~0.4mm的玻璃丸或陶瓷丸。
3.如权利要求1所述的电镀硬铬层表面致密化的方法,其特征在于所述的冲击覆盖率为100%~300%。
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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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CN105442009A (zh) * 2015-11-30 2016-03-30 中航飞机股份有限公司西安飞机分公司 一种修复金属基体缺陷改善电镀层质量的方法
CN113319537A (zh) * 2021-06-15 2021-08-31 无锡市英迪机械有限公司 液压阀销轴座加工工艺

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CN1483536A (zh) * 2003-08-12 2004-03-24 陈振华 一种耐磨复合材料的生产工艺
WO2009100344A2 (en) * 2008-02-08 2009-08-13 Kadant Web Systems, Inc. Thermally adaptive surfaces for receiving thermal sprays
CN101829785A (zh) * 2010-05-26 2010-09-15 四川大学 制备铁基表面复合材料的烧结扩散法

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US4292208A (en) * 1974-05-03 1981-09-29 Alloy Surfaces Company, Inc. Diffusion coating combinations
CN1483536A (zh) * 2003-08-12 2004-03-24 陈振华 一种耐磨复合材料的生产工艺
WO2009100344A2 (en) * 2008-02-08 2009-08-13 Kadant Web Systems, Inc. Thermally adaptive surfaces for receiving thermal sprays
CN101829785A (zh) * 2010-05-26 2010-09-15 四川大学 制备铁基表面复合材料的烧结扩散法

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN105442009A (zh) * 2015-11-30 2016-03-30 中航飞机股份有限公司西安飞机分公司 一种修复金属基体缺陷改善电镀层质量的方法
CN113319537A (zh) * 2021-06-15 2021-08-31 无锡市英迪机械有限公司 液压阀销轴座加工工艺

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