CN102219018A - 在车辆中分配驱动力的系统 - Google Patents

在车辆中分配驱动力的系统 Download PDF

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CN102219018A
CN102219018A CN2011100832502A CN201110083250A CN102219018A CN 102219018 A CN102219018 A CN 102219018A CN 2011100832502 A CN2011100832502 A CN 2011100832502A CN 201110083250 A CN201110083250 A CN 201110083250A CN 102219018 A CN102219018 A CN 102219018A
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vehicle
vehicle bridge
wheel
electric energy
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CN102219018B (zh
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于海
邝明朗
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Ford Global Technologies LLC
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W20/00—Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles
    • B60W20/10—Controlling the power contribution of each of the prime movers to meet required power demand
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G16—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SPECIFIC APPLICATION FIELDS
    • G16Z—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SPECIFIC APPLICATION FIELDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G16Z99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other main groups of this subclass
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/44—Series-parallel type
    • B60K6/442—Series-parallel switching type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/50—Architecture of the driveline characterised by arrangement or kind of transmission units
    • B60K6/52—Driving a plurality of drive axles, e.g. four-wheel drive
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L1/00—Supplying electric power to auxiliary equipment of vehicles
    • B60L1/02—Supplying electric power to auxiliary equipment of vehicles to electric heating circuits
    • B60L1/04—Supplying electric power to auxiliary equipment of vehicles to electric heating circuits fed by the power supply line
    • B60L1/10—Supplying electric power to auxiliary equipment of vehicles to electric heating circuits fed by the power supply line with provision for using different supplies
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/04—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units
    • B60W10/06—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units including control of combustion engines
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/04—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units
    • B60W10/08—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units including control of electric propulsion units, e.g. motors or generators
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W30/00—Purposes of road vehicle drive control systems not related to the control of a particular sub-unit, e.g. of systems using conjoint control of vehicle sub-units, or advanced driver assistance systems for ensuring comfort, stability and safety or drive control systems for propelling or retarding the vehicle
    • B60W30/02—Control of vehicle driving stability
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W20/00—Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W2520/00—Input parameters relating to overall vehicle dynamics
    • B60W2520/10—Longitudinal speed
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W2520/00—Input parameters relating to overall vehicle dynamics
    • B60W2520/14—Yaw
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W2520/00—Input parameters relating to overall vehicle dynamics
    • B60W2520/26—Wheel slip
    • B60W2520/263—Slip values between front and rear axle
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W2520/00—Input parameters relating to overall vehicle dynamics
    • B60W2520/28—Wheel speed
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W2540/00—Input parameters relating to occupants
    • B60W2540/18—Steering angle
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W2720/00—Output or target parameters relating to overall vehicle dynamics
    • B60W2720/40—Torque distribution
    • B60W2720/403—Torque distribution between front and rear axle
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/62—Hybrid vehicles

Abstract

本发明公开了一种在车辆中分配驱动力的系统，包含：连接至车辆的第一车桥和第二车桥；连接至第一车桥的第一马达；连接至第二车桥的第二马达；连接至车辆车轮的车轮转速传感器；车速传感器；电连接至马达、车轮转速传感器、及车速传感器的电子控制单元，电子控制单元响应于电子控制单元确定至少一个与第一车桥相关联的车轮的转速超过车辆速度使第一马达产生电能，并响应于第一马达中产生的电能向第二马达供应电能。本发明的系统和方法能够在车辆中重新分配扭矩，提高驾驶性能。

Description

在车辆中分配驱动力的系统
技术领域
本发明涉及增强车辆稳定性和性能的车辆控制系统，更为具体地，涉及一种在车辆中分配驱动力的系统。
背景技术
机动车辆中越来越多地使用稳定性控制系统。在一些现有的双驱动桥系统中，车辆前桥和后桥之间设有机械联轴器。在与驱动桥中的一个相关的一个或两个车轮失去牵引力的情况下，指令通常断开的联轴器装置连接两个车桥使得在主车桥和副车桥之间重新分配扭矩。尽管这种机械系统相对于纯制动方法(例如防抱死制动系统或牵引力控制系统)提供了改进的性能，然而机械系统具有一些缺点。探测到牵引力损失和机械联轴器从主车桥的旋转车轮向副车桥的车轮实际重新传递扭矩之间存在延迟。在道路表面状况会迅速改变的情况下(例如遇到冰面)，机械系统无法足够快地引起扭矩分配的改变。另外，由于机械联轴器的摩擦损失，供应给两个车桥的扭矩之和略少于动力系供应给主车桥的扭矩。因此，当使用机械联轴器时，车辆的纵向性能有所下降，其在加速期间尤其显著。机械系统重新分配扭矩的能力可能受到最大扭矩传递能力的限制，且还受到环境影响(例如温度)的制约。
发明内容
根据本发明，提供了一种在具有第一车桥和第二车桥的车辆中分配扭矩的方法，包括：当至少一个连接至第一车桥的车轮空转时，指令连接至第一车桥的第一马达降低供应给第一车桥的扭矩；以及当至少一个连接至第一车桥的车轮空转时，指令连接至第二车桥的第二马达运转为马达。
根据本发明的一个实施例，指令第一马达降低提供给第一车桥的扭矩从而防止连接至第一车桥的车轮空转。
根据本发明的一个实施例，提供给第一车桥的扭矩和提供给第二车桥的扭矩之和基本上等于驾驶员要求的扭矩。
根据本发明的一个实施例，还包括：确定连接至第二车桥的车轮是否空转，其中：指令第一马达降低供应给第一车桥的扭矩以基本上防止连接至第一车桥的车轮空转；并且指令第二马达提供基本上等于下列二者中较小的电能的量：导致连接至第二车桥的车轮中的一个初期空转的量、以及向车辆提供驾驶员要求的扭矩的量。
根据本发明的一个实施例，还包括：确定指令给第二马达用于向车辆提供驾驶员要求的扭矩的电能的第一量；确定指令给第二马达的电能的第二量，电能的第二量为小于会导致第二车桥的至少一个车轮空转的量的预定量；以及指令牵引马达向第二车桥供应电能的第一量和第二量中的较小者。
根据本发明，还提供了一种在车辆中分配驱动力的系统，该系统包括：连接至车辆的第一车桥和第二车桥；连接至第一车桥的第一马达；连接至第二车桥的第二马达；连接至车辆车轮的车轮转速传感器；车速传感器；以及电连接至马达、车轮转速传感器、及车速传感器的电子控制单元(ECU)。响应于ECU确定至少一个与第一车桥相关联的车轮正在空转，ECU使第一马达产生电能并使得向第二马达供应电能。第一马达产生的电能可直接提供给第二马达且可由与马达连接的电池补充。车轮传感器可为防抱死制动系统的一部分。
根据本发明的一个实施例，第一马达产生的电能直接提供给第二马达。
根据本发明的一个实施例，连接至第一马达和第二马达的电池，其中直接从第一马达提供供应给第二马达的电能并由电池补充。
根据本发明的一个实施例，车轮转速传感器为防抱死制动系统的一部分。
根据本发明的一个实施例，该系统还包括连接至第一车桥的内燃发动机。
本发明还公开了一种在车辆中分配驱动力的方法，包括：监测与车辆第一车桥相关联的车轮的空转、当第一车桥车轮正在空转时从连接至第一车桥的第一马达汲取电能、并响应于从第一马达汲取电能而将电能提供给与车辆第二车桥连接的第二马达。
根据本发明的一个实施例，基于与第一车桥相关联的车轮的空转的消除来确定从第一马达汲取的电能的量。
根据本发明的一个实施例，从第一马达汲取电能导致与第一车桥相关联的车轮处的驱动力降低，而向第二马达提供的电能确定为补偿第一车桥处降低的驱动力以使得提供给车辆的总体驱动力基本不变。
根据本发明的一个实施例，还包括：监测与车辆第二车桥相关联的车轮的空转，其中从第一马达汲取电能导致与第一车桥相关联的车轮处的驱动力降低，而向第二马达提供的电能被指令为下列二者中较小者：补偿第一车桥处降低的驱动力以使得提供给车辆的总体驱动力基本不变、以及与车辆第二车桥相关联的至少一个车轮的初期空转相关的电能的量。
根据本发明的一个实施例，当确定如果中止汲取电能便会发生车轮空转时，继续所述汲取电能。
根据本发明的一个实施例，从第一马达汲取的电能的至少一部分直接提供给第二马达。
根据本发明的一个实施例，该方法还包括：当与第一车桥相关联的车轮不再空转时，中止从第一马达汲取电能并向第二马达提供电能。
根据本发明的一个实施例，车辆包括连接至第一车桥的内燃发动机。
根据本发明的一个实施例，该方法还包括：确定驾驶员要求的扭矩；监测与车辆第二车桥相关联的车轮的空转，其中从第一马达汲取电能导致与第一车桥相关联的车轮处的扭矩降低，而指令给第二马达的电能为下列二者中的较小者：补偿第一车桥处降低的扭矩以使得提供给车辆的总体扭矩等于驾驶员要求的扭矩、以及与用于与第二车桥相关联的至少一个车轮的初期空转相关的电能的量。
根据本发明的一个实施例，防抱死系统设置在车辆的各个车轮处，方法还包括：基于来自与车辆的车轮相关联的防抱死制动系统的信号确定车轮正在空转。
本发明的系统和方法能够在车辆中重新分配扭矩，提高驾驶性能。
附图说明
图1显示了混合动力电动车辆(HEV)的示意图。
图2为根据本发明实施例在车桥之间重新分配扭矩的方法的流程图。
具体实施方式
如本领域技术人员已知，参考任一附图所说明并描述的实施例的多个特征可与一个或多个其它附图中所说明的特征相结合来得到未明确说明并描述的替代实施例。所说明的特征的组合为典型应用提供了代表性实施例。然而，对于特定应用或实施方案，可能需要对与本发明教导相一致的特征进行多种组合和修改。本领域技术人员可了解到与本发明相一致的类似应用或实施方案，例如其中以与附图中实施例所示略微不同的顺序设置组件。本领域技术人员可认识到本发明的教导可用在其它应用或实施方案中。
在图1中，示意性显示了混合动力电动车辆(HEV)10的一个实施例。后轮12通过后桥16与后桥马达18连接。后桥16具有差速器19。前轮14连接至前桥20。差速器及主减速齿轮组22连接至前桥20。车辆动力系统通过变速器24连接至差速器22。变速器24通过离合器28连接至前桥马达28。前桥马达28通过离合器32连接至内燃发动机34。图1中所示装置中的前桥马达28可称为集成起动机发电机(ISG)，因为其可用于旋转发动机34用于起动。取决于准确的配置，所有动力系组件可能无法在HEV10的宽度内首尾相连。在图1所示的实施例中，链条传动30设置在发动机34和前桥马达28之间使得发动机34沿第一轴线旋转而前桥马达28和变速器24沿基本上与第一轴线平行的第二轴线旋转。图1中的配置简单说明了一个HEV配置。有许多不脱离本发明的范围的配置HEV的替代方式。HEV10显示了内燃发动机34连接至前轮的设置。在另一实施例中，发动机34连接至后桥。在再一实施例中，车辆为电动车辆，有时也称为仅使用电池的电动车辆(BEV，或纯电动车)。前桥马达28和后桥马达18可运转为马达向相关联的车桥提供扭矩，或者运转为发电机从相关联的车桥吸收扭矩(即，在与车桥相关联的车轮上提供制动力)。
继续参考图1，车轮12和14设置有牵引力传感器36，其连接至ECU38。在一个实施例中，牵引力传感器36为防抱死制动系统(ABS)。ABS比较车速与车轮转速。当二者相差超过预定量时，确定车轮在空转。ABS只是一个简单的示例，可使用任何合适的牵引力传感器。
取决于运转模式，电池40连接至后桥马达18和前桥马达28以提供电能或吸收电能。电池40也可通过传感器电连接至ECU38以检测电池的荷电状态、电池状况等。在一个实施例中，电池40为高压电池以有助于从电池汲取较大能量或存储在电池中。前桥马达28和后桥马达18可通过开关41直接连接以将一个马达中产生的电能提供给另一个马达。通过ECU38控制开关41。
在一个实施例中，ECU38连接至横摆率传感器42、与方向盘连接的传感器44、以及多个其它传感器46(例如车速传感器、温度传感器、变速器传感器、压力传感器、及加速传感器)。在不带有横摆率传感器42的实施例中，可基于来自其它传感器46的信号估算横摆率。
图1中显示了HEV。在替代实施例中，车辆为具有前桥马达和后桥马达的电动车辆(EV)。在这种实施例中，不再包括下列组件：离合器26、链条传动30、离合器32、及发动机34。在一些实施例中，还不包括变速器24。
假定发动机连接至前桥且前桥为主驱动桥。发动机扭矩为Teng且前桥马达扭矩为Tm_f。前桥总牵引扭矩为Teng+Tm_f。假设前桥的瞬间摩擦力为Ffric，其将前桥最大扭矩能力限制为Ffric·RW，其中RW为有效车轮半径。在牵引控制情况下，驾驶员要求的驱动扭矩Tprop大于Ffric·RW。降低前桥处的总扭矩以避免车轮打滑。由于连接至前桥的电动马达可迅速反应并向前桥提供负扭矩，根据Tm_f＝Ffric·RW-Teng确定马达扭矩。当Teng＞Ffric·RW时，Tm_f为负而前桥马达用作发电机，将能量存储在电池中或直接提供给后桥马达。
为了补偿牵引损失Tprop-Ffric·RW，驱动扭矩分配至无负载或负载较轻的具有反向摩擦(reserve friction)的后桥车轮。结果，新的后桥马达扭矩为其中Tm_r为后桥车轮处的存在的驱动/制动扭矩。新的后桥马达扭矩取决于不超过后桥车轮摩擦极限。结果，利用来自道路的可用牵引力以满足驾驶员的车辆驱动要求。可从再产生电能的前桥马达或从电池供应提供Tm_r的能量。
图2中显示了根据本发明实施例的流程图，其开始于200。对于图2，车桥被称为第一车桥和第二车桥。在一些实施例中，第一车桥对应于图1的后桥16，而第二车桥对应于前桥20。在另一些实施例中，第一车桥对应于前桥20，而第二车桥对应于后桥16。在图2的框202中，确定与第一车桥相关联的车轮是否在空转。如果否，则框202继续检查直至发生空转导致控制程序移动至框204。在框204中，指令与第一车桥连接的马达使传递至第一车桥的扭矩减小一定量以停止空转。通过将马达运转为发电机来减小扭矩。控制程序移动至框206，在该处计算供应至第二车桥能够维持车辆纵向驱动的扭矩量。确定提供这种扭矩的电能的量。根据一个实施例，下一步在框208中确定会导致与第二车桥相关联的车轮初期空转的电能的量。可替代地，确定等于预定量的电能的量以提供安全系数，该预定量小于会导致与第二车桥相关联的车轮初期空转的量。在框210中，将框206和208中计算的电能的较小者指令至(或支配给)与第二车桥相关联的马达。控制程序返回框202。在一个实施例中只要车辆移动便启动图2的流程图，或者在另一实施例中只要车辆驾驶员指令纵向驱动便启动图2的流程图。
尽管已经详细描述了最佳模式，本领域技术人员将认识到本发明权利要求范围内的多种替代设计和实施例。已经描述了一个或多个实施例在一个或多个所需特性方面相对于其它实施例和/或背景技术具有优势或更为优选，本领域技术人员将认识到在多个特征中可有所折衷以取决于具体应用或实施方案实现所需的系统特性。这些特性包括但不限于：成本、强度、耐久度、寿命成本、市场性、外观、封装、尺寸、适用性、重量、制造性、组装便利性等。例如，可能需要具有更多组的传感器以提供对车辆移动的准确评估。然而，为了维持所需的成本结构，可能通过根据较少组的传感器数据进行推断来确定一些车辆数据的满意估算。描述为相对于其它实施例在一个或多个特性上没有那么需要的实施例并未超出本发明所要求保护的范围。

Claims (5)

1.一种在车辆中分配驱动力的系统，所述系统包括：
连接至所述车辆的第一车桥和第二车桥；
连接至所述第一车桥的第一马达；
连接至所述第二车桥的第二马达；
连接至车辆车轮的车轮转速传感器；
车速传感器；
电连接至所述马达、所述车轮转速传感器、及所述车速传感器的电子控制单元，所述电子控制单元响应于所述电子控制单元确定至少一个与所述第一车桥相关联的车轮的转速超过所述车辆速度使所述第一马达产生电能，并响应于所述第一马达中产生的电能向所述第二马达供应电能。
2.根据权利要求1所述的系统，其特征在于，所述第一马达产生的电能直接提供给所述第二马达。
3.根据权利要求1所述的系统，其特征在于，还包括：
连接至所述第一马达和所述第二马达的电池，其中直接从所述第一马达提供供应给所述第二马达的电能并由所述电池补充。
4.根据权利要求1所述的系统，其特征在于，所述车轮转速传感器为防抱死制动系统的一部分。
5.根据权利要求1所述的系统，其特征在于，还包括连接至所述第一车桥的内燃发动机。
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