CN102213427A - 环形圈-歧管四级燃料分配器 - Google Patents

环形圈-歧管四级燃料分配器 Download PDF

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CN102213427A
CN102213427A CN201110092354XA CN201110092354A CN102213427A CN 102213427 A CN102213427 A CN 102213427A CN 201110092354X A CN201110092354X A CN 201110092354XA CN 201110092354 A CN201110092354 A CN 201110092354A CN 102213427 A CN102213427 A CN 102213427A
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CN102213427B (zh
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A·瓦列耶夫
吴春阳
L·B·兹韦德努克
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General Electric Co PLC
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23RGENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
    • F23R3/00Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel
    • F23R3/28Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the fuel supply
    • F23R3/34Feeding into different combustion zones
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23RGENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
    • F23R3/00Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel
    • F23R3/28Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the fuel supply
    • F23R3/286Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the fuel supply having fuel-air premixing devices

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  • Pressure-Spray And Ultrasonic-Wave- Spray Burners (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及环形圈-歧管四级燃料分配器。具体而言,提供了一种燃烧器区段(10),其包括安装在环形通道(30)内的一个或多个环形四级燃料歧管(20),该环形通道限定在燃烧器的壳体(40)和帽盖组件(50)之间,经由该环形通道,空气和/或燃料/空气混合物在燃料喷嘴支承件上游流动,该歧管(20)包括用以在其中容纳四级燃料的本体(21),该本体(21)限定喷射孔,经由该喷射孔,四级燃料在燃料喷嘴支承件上游的位置处喷射到通道的区段中。

Description

环形圈-歧管四级燃料分配器
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请特此与名称为“Segmented Annular Ring-Manifold Quaternary Fuel Distributor”的共同未决的申请交叉引用,该共同未决申请的全部内容通过引用结合到本文中。
技术领域
文中所公开的主题涉及燃气轮机燃烧器,且具体地涉及环形圈-歧管四级燃料分配器(quaternary fuel distributor),该燃料分配器用来减轻燃烧器不稳定性,以通过容纳按质量计高达30%的总燃烧器燃料而提供良好的燃料/空气混合和改进下游燃料喷嘴的火焰稳定裕度(margin)。
背景技术
现有的燃烧器四级燃料柱塞(peg)安装穿过例如燃气涡轮发动机的燃烧器的流动套筒壳体内壁并定位在流动套筒和帽盖柱筒(cap barrel)之间的环状空间中,该流动套筒和帽盖柱筒位于燃烧器燃料喷嘴的上游。它们的主要功能是喷射燃料到空气流或燃料/空气混合物流中以及用以在燃烧操作期间减轻燃烧器中和经过该燃烧器的燃烧动态特性。
然而,现有的四级柱塞设计容易受到火焰稳定的情形,其中,火焰稳定是指在燃烧器内直接在四级柱塞下游发生的不期望的火焰现象。火焰稳定会导致损坏燃烧器部件。现有的设计还趋于产生相对地较不令人满意的四级燃料空气混合,这限制了容纳高的四级燃料质量部分(fraction)的能力,导致在燃烧器燃料喷嘴上游不令人满意或受限的四级燃料-空气预混合。
发明内容
根据本发明的一个方面,提供了一种燃烧器区段,其包括:安装在环形通道内的一个或多个环形四级燃料歧管,该环形通道限定在燃烧器的壳体和帽盖组件之间,经由该环形通道,空气和/或燃料/空气混合物在燃料喷嘴支承件上游流动;歧管,该歧管包括在其内容纳四级燃料的本体,该本体限定喷射孔,经由该喷射孔,四级燃料在燃料喷嘴支承件上游的位置处喷射到通道区段中。
根据本发明的另一方面,提供了一种燃烧器区段,其包括:壳体;在其中形成有燃料喷嘴支承件的帽盖组件,该帽盖组件设置在壳体内以在壳体和帽盖组件之间限定环形通道,沿着该环形通道,空气和/或燃料/空气混合物在燃料喷嘴支承件上游流动;以及安装在通道区段内的一个或多个环形歧管,在该环形歧管处,空气和/或燃料/空气混合物在燃料喷嘴支承件上游流动,各歧管均包括用以在其中容纳四级燃料的本体,该本体限定四级燃料经由其喷射到通道区段中的喷射孔。
根据本发明的又一方面,提供了一种燃烧器环形燃料歧管,其包括壳体和帽盖组件,该帽盖组件具有形成在其中的燃料喷嘴支承件,设置在壳体内以限定环形通道,沿着该环形通道,空气和/或燃料/空气混合物在燃料喷嘴支承件上游流动,该环形燃料歧管包括形成为用以在其中容纳四级燃料和限定燃料喷射孔的环形本体,通过该燃料喷射孔,四级燃料喷射到通道区段中,在该通道区段处,空气和/或燃料/空气混合物在燃料喷嘴支承件上游流动。
这些及其它的有点和特征根据以下描述并结合附图将会变得更为清楚。
附图说明
视作为本发明的主题在所附权利要求中具体地指出和明确地主张。根据以下详细描述并结合附图,将会清楚本发明的前述及其它特征和优点,附图中:
图1是包括壳体和帽盖组件的燃烧器区段的透视下游视图,其中,为清楚起见除去了端盖;
图2是图1中燃烧器的一部分的放大透视图,突出显示了四级燃料分配歧管、圈歧管,以及由壳体和帽盖组件所形成的环状空间;
图3是环形燃料歧管本体及其内部的放大透视图;以及
图4是一组两个环形燃料歧管的本体及其内部的放大透视图。
通过参看附图以实例的方式,详细描述阐述了本发明的实施例以及优点和特征。
零件清单
10燃烧器区段
20环形歧管
21环形本体
22燃料容纳空间
23喷射孔
24圈状壳体
25第一侧
26第二侧
30环形通道
31区段
33第一分支(leg)
34第二分支
40壳体
41第一壳体凸缘
42第二壳体凸缘
43分配歧管
50帽盖组件
60燃料喷嘴支承件
70挡板(或隔离装置,baffle)
80燃料管线凸缘
81区段
90供送管线
200歧管
具体实施方式
根据本发明的方面,一个或多个同心环形圈状歧管可安装在例如燃气涡轮发动机的燃烧器内,位于燃烧器燃料喷嘴的上游,用于促进和在结构上支持大致均匀地分配四级燃料喷射位置,因而改进燃料和空气的混合。此种歧管能够处理相对较大的四级燃料质量部分(也即,基于质量为总系统燃料的大约30%),减少发生在下游(包括在下游燃烧器燃料喷嘴附近的四级燃料喷射区域和区间)的火焰稳定,以及可有助于减少NOx排放物和降低燃烧不稳定性。
参看图1,提供了燃烧器区段10,其包括安装在环形通道30内的环形歧管20,该环形通道30限定在壳体40和帽盖组件50之间。壳体40包括第一壳体凸缘41和第二壳体凸缘42以及四级燃料分配歧管43。四级燃料分配歧管43轴向地安置在第一壳体凸缘41和第二壳体凸缘42之间。帽盖组件50形成为具有多个燃料喷嘴支承件60,在该支承件60中可定位燃烧器燃料喷嘴。空气和/或燃料空气混合物流经环形通道30并最终会穿过将定位在燃料喷嘴支承件60处的燃烧器燃料喷嘴。
参看图2至图4,歧管20包括环形本体21,在一些情形中,该环形本体21可周向地环绕帽盖组件50。这样,歧管20通过其大致均匀地定位的喷射孔23而提供大致均匀的燃料分配,因此显著改进在通道30内四级燃料与进入的空气和/或燃烧燃料/空气混合物的混合。歧管20此外还经由下游的燃烧器燃料喷嘴而提供了相对改进的燃料/空气混合。
环形本体21具有完全圈状壳体24,该壳体24形成为用以在其内限定具有相对的第一侧25和第二侧26的内部,该第一侧25和第二侧26中的至少一个根据进入燃料的主要方向成渐缩形以减少后缘流动分离(再循环),以及在一些情形中由此减少发生局部火焰稳定的可能性。内部用作燃料容纳空间22,该空间非常大足以容纳预定数量的燃料。在一些情形中,该数量可高达按质量计为总燃烧器燃料的30%。本体21还形成为用以限定喷射孔23,经由该喷射孔23,燃料从燃料容纳空间22喷射并进入到通道30的区段31中。喷射孔23周向地围绕歧管20排列,其因此能够大致均匀地分配四级燃料到通道30中,且具体是分配到区段31中。
壳体24的渐缩形在方向对应于流经通道30的空气和/或燃料/空气混合物的主要流动方向上限定在区段31处。因此,相对粗大侧26面向来流(oncoming flow),而渐缩侧25则指向下游。燃料喷射孔23可排列在壳体24上的各个位置,且具有彼此不同或大致均匀的间隔。根据另外的实施例,燃料喷射孔23可形成为邻近渐缩侧25且位于沿径向向内和沿径向向外面向的表面上,使得燃料在大致沿径向向内和沿径向向外的方向上喷射到区段31中。
根据还有的实施例,燃料喷射孔23可设置在环形本体21的径向最大和径向最小的区段处。
通道30的区段31限定为通道30的一部分,在该部分处,空气和/或燃料/空气混合物在燃料喷嘴支承件60上游流动。区段31可进一步限定为通道30的一部分,在该部分处,空气和/或燃料/空气混合物以所测得的相对于在通道30其它区段处为相对较低但为非零的流动速度的相对较高的局部速度流动。根据实施例,高的流动速度可由各种因素引起,包括但不限于在一些区间中相比于其它区间相对较窄的通道30宽度、其它空气动力考虑因素以及可能存在的附加流动。
根据实施例,区段31可沿径向安置在壳体40和帽盖组件50之间。根据其它的实施例,帽盖组件50可包括挡板70,其轴向地从帽盖组件50的边缘延伸。在这些实施例中,区段31可沿径向安置在壳体40和挡板70之间。
通道30限定为具有第一分支33和第二分支34,其中,第一分支33沿径向与燃料喷嘴支承件60对齐,而第二分支34沿径向定位在燃料喷嘴支承件60外部。第二分支34位于第一分支33上游,使得通道30大体上向内成钩状,而空气和/或燃料/空气混合物沿第一分支33和第二分支34在相对的方向上流动。空气和/或燃料/空气混合物在其处流动的通道30区段31可沿着第一分支33和第二分支34中的至少一个设置或设置在分支33和分支34之间的在其处通道30成钩状的区域内。
如图3和图4中所示,歧管20可在数量上可为单个或多个的。在歧管20为多个的情况下,至少一个歧管20沿径向位于另一歧管200的外部。根据实施例,多个歧管20,200可为大致同轴的,但应理解的是,这并不是必须的且歧管20可轴向地交错。此外,该一个或多个环形歧管20,200可充有燃料或以其它方式彼此独立地供有不同的燃料、稀释剂和/或蒸汽。
参看图1至图4,燃烧器区段10还可包括燃料源,例如凸缘80,其沿径向设置在四级燃料分配歧管43外部表面的外部。燃料管线凸缘80可附接到四级燃料分配歧管43的区段81上。大致沿径向定向的供送管线90可形成为四级燃料分配歧管43的构件。供送管线90联接到燃料分配歧管43和歧管20上,从而将燃料从燃料管线凸缘80供送到歧管20,且更具体而言为供送至其中的燃料容纳空间22。四级燃料分配歧管43和歧管20可大致轴向地相互对齐。
尽管本发明仅结合有限数目的实施例进行了详细描述,但应容易理解的是,本发明并不限于这些公开的实施例。确切而言,本发明可经修改而并入在此之前并未描述但与本发明的精神和范围相匹配的任一数目的变型、变体、替换方案或等同布置。此外,尽管已描述了本发明的不同实施例,但应理解的是,本发明的方面可仅包括所述实施例中的一部分。因此,本发明不应视作为受限于前述描述,而是仅由所附权利要求的范围来限制。

Claims (10)

1.一种燃烧器区段(10),包括:
安装在环形通道(30)内的一个或多个环形四级燃料歧管(20),所述环形通道(30)限定在燃烧器的壳体(40)和帽盖组件(50)之间,经由所述环形通道(30),空气和/或燃料/空气混合物在燃料喷嘴支承件(60)上游流动,
所述歧管(20)包括用以在其中容纳四级燃料的本体(21),所述本体(21)限定喷射孔(23),经由所述喷射孔(23),所述四级燃料在所述燃料喷嘴支承件上游的位置处喷射到所述通道的区段中。
2.根据权利要求1所述的燃烧器区段(10),其特征在于,所述燃烧器区段(10)还包括沿着局部流动方向从所述帽盖组件轴向地延伸的挡板(70),其中,所述通道的所述区段沿径向安置在所述壳体和所述帽盖组件的挡板之间。
3.根据权利要求1所述的燃烧器区段(10),其特征在于,所述一个或多个歧管(20)容纳按质量计高达30%的总燃烧器燃料。
4.根据权利要求1所述的燃烧器区段(10),其特征在于,所述喷射孔(23)沿周向围绕各个所述歧管(20)排列。
5.根据权利要求1所述的燃烧器区段(10),其特征在于,各歧管本体(21)均包括相对的第一侧和第二侧(25,26),所述第一侧和第二侧中的至少一个为渐缩形的,所述渐缩形与入流方向对齐。
6.根据权利要求1所述的燃烧器区段(10),其特征在于,所述一个或多个歧管(20)在数量上为多个,以及多个歧管中的至少一个沿径向位于所述多个歧管中的另一歧管的外部。
7.根据权利要求6所述的燃烧器区段(10),其特征在于,所述一个或多个歧管(20)独立地被供以不同的燃料、稀释剂和/或蒸汽。
8.一种燃烧器区段(10),包括:
壳体(40);
帽盖组件(50),在其中形成有燃料喷嘴支承件(60),所述帽盖组件(50)设置在所述壳体(40)内以在所述壳体(40)和所述帽盖组件(50)之间限定环形通道(30),沿着所述环形通道(30),空气和/或燃料/空气混合物在所述燃料喷嘴支承件(60)上游流动;以及
安装在所述通道的区段内的一个或多个环形歧管(20),在所述区段处,所述空气和/或所述燃料/空气混合物在所述燃料喷嘴支承件上游流动,
各歧管(20)均包括用以在其中容纳四级燃料的本体(21),所述本体限定喷射孔(23),经由所述喷射孔(23),所述四级燃料喷射到所述通道的区段中。
9.根据权利要求8所述的燃烧器区段(10),其特征在于,所述壳体(40)包括:
第一凸缘(41)和第二凸缘(42);以及
四级燃料分配歧管(43),其轴向地安置在所述第一凸缘和第二凸缘之间且大致轴向地与所述环形歧管对齐。
10.一种燃烧器的环形燃料歧管,所述燃烧器包括:
壳体(40);以及
帽盖组件(50),在其中形成有燃料喷嘴支承件(60),设置在所述壳体内以限定环形通道(30),沿着所述环形通道(30),空气和/或燃料/空气混合物在所述燃料喷嘴支承(60)上游流动,所述环形燃料歧管(20)包括:
环形本体(21),所述环形本体(21)形成为用以在其中容纳四级燃料和限定燃料喷射孔(23),通过所述燃料喷射孔(23),所述四级燃料喷射到所述通道(30)的区段(31)中,在所述区段(31)处,所述空气和/或所述燃料/空气混合物在所述燃料喷嘴支承件上游流动。
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