CN102212730B - Low-Si SiCp/Al composite material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Low-Si SiCp/Al composite material and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN102212730B CN102212730B CN2011101543590A CN201110154359A CN102212730B CN 102212730 B CN102212730 B CN 102212730B CN 2011101543590 A CN2011101543590 A CN 2011101543590A CN 201110154359 A CN201110154359 A CN 201110154359A CN 102212730 B CN102212730 B CN 102212730B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a low-Si SiCp/Al composite material and a preparation method thereof. The SiCp/Al composite material consists of the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 30 to 50 percent of infiltrated aluminum alloy, and the balance of SiC powder. The preparation method of the composite material comprises the following steps of: mixing the SiC powder of different grain diameters uniformly, filling the mixed SiC powder into a ceramic die, performing vibrating compaction or die pressing to obtain a SiC prefabricated part, placing the infiltrated aluminum alloy at the top of the SiC prefabricated part, putting the dried infiltrated aluminum alloy into a tubular furnace, performing pressure-free infiltration, performing heat preservation for 1 to 3 hours at the temperature of between 735 and 800 DEG C under the protection of nitrogen, and naturally cooling to room temperature to obtain the SiCp/Al composite material. The SiCp/Al composite material has the characteristics of high strength, thermal conductivity and the like, and the thermal expansion coefficient of the composite material can be reduced; and by the preparation method, reaction of molten aluminum and silicon carbide can be effectively prevented, and easily hydrolyzed products are not generated.
Description
One, technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of matrix material and preparation method thereof, specifically a kind of low Si content SiCp/Al matrix material and preparation method thereof.
Two, background technology
Metal-base composites (Metal Matrix Composites, be called for short MMCs) be as strengthening body take line, silk, fiber, whisker or particle, matrix material take metal or alloy as matrix, wherein wild phase can be that external phase also can be discontinuous phase.Usually metallic matrix ductility is good and intensity is relatively poor, and it is higher to strengthen the body strength and stiffness, its rigidity, intensity, wear resisting property etc. were better than traditional metallic substance after both were combined with each other, have low thermal coefficient of expansion, high heat resistance, high specific strength, high ratio modulus, the advantage such as wear-resistant and anti-aging, thereby make it especially to be with a wide range of applications in the Electronic Packaging field at aerospace, automobile.
Aluminum matrix composite is except the excellent properties that has the plain metal based composites and generally have among the MMCs, the advantage such as also have lightweight, production unit is simple, cost is low, can produce in batches.These advantages are so that the research work of numerous national Efforts To Develop aluminum matrix composites, and ceramic particle reinforced aluminium base composite material, fiber reinforced aluminum matrix composites all are widely used in the industry at present.Particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material since the excellent specific property of enhanced granule such as: intensity is high, rigidity is high, wear resisting property good, low-expansion coefficient and good stability of the dimension etc. have been listed in one of important research direction of following novel material.
At present, aluminum matrix composite is widely used in field of aerospace, it is reported, the aviation that the U.S. utilizes Revtite aluminum matrix composite (strengthening body SiC grain volume fraction is 25%, and matrix is 6061 aluminium alloys) to produce more than 3000 meter long is used chi bar etc. with extrusion structure guide groove, angle section and electrician.In addition, the electronic instrument encapsulation is all used aluminum matrix composite with material and ground communications or mobile communication electronics etc. for the requirement to the material lightweight.Aspect civilian, for satisfying the needs of electronic package material, the domestic and international SiC particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material that is complementary of investigator's, linear expansivity good in Devoting Major Efforts To Developing low density, heat conductivility and chip.
The typical preparation technology of SiCp/Al matrix material adopts liquid aluminium alloy Pressure Infiltration or pressure-free impregnation SiC prefabricated component to obtain SiCp/Al matrix material blank, obtains end article through physical process again.From impregnation technology, Pressure Infiltration comprises negative pressure of vacuum infiltration, infiltration by squeeze casting etc., and its equipment itself is exactly a high temperature and high pressure containers, and its inner clear space is size-constrained, the more important thing is that it must be the prefabricated component with some strength that its pressure is oozed object.And the preparation of prefabricated component must be adopted powder metallurgy formation and sintering, and from the time, the preparation of prefabricated component has occupied the whole preparation process overwhelming majority of matrix material, and basic technology is difficult to simplify.And the pressure-free impregnation technology not be owing to need apply external force, and its internal space can be sufficiently large, and the infiltration object can be the prefabricated component with some strength, can be closelypacked ceramic powder yet.
Pressure-free impregnation prepares the SiCp/Al matrix material, usually add Mg greater than 4-8% to improve the molten activity of oozing, add Si to avoid liquid aluminium and silicon carbide reactor, simultaneously, for improving the wettability of liquid aluminium and silicon carbide, usually the temperature that adopts is to be higher than 800 ℃, and along with the raising of temperature, silicone content also will correspondingly improve the formation that could suppress the surface reaction product.Such as facile hydrolysis interfacial product Al
4C
3, according to this toward studies show that the easy and Al reaction generation Al of SiC
4C
3, Al
4C
3Be fragility phase and easily hydrolysis, its existence not only can reduce the physical strength of matrix material, also can weaken about its capacity of heat transmission 20%-30%.Si content can suppress harmful surface reaction product A l in the increase aluminium alloy
4C
3Generation.When Si content surpasses 12%, can suppress surface reaction fully.At present at the preparation high comprehensive performance, during the SiCp/Al matrix material of good stability (not generating the fragility interfacial product of facile hydrolysis), generally be the silicone content that improves aluminum substrate, and under high-temperature, carry out infiltration, but can affect like this physical strength of matrix material; And under low silicon content, adopt the high temperature infiltration easily to produce the phenomenon of the fragility interfacial product of facile hydrolysis.
Adopt under lesser temps (735-800 ℃) at present, utilize the method for the low Si content SiCp/Al matrix material of pressure-free impregnation preparation to have no report.
Three, summary of the invention
The present invention is for fear of above-mentioned the deficiencies in the prior art part, aim to provide a kind of low Si content SiCp/Al matrix material and preparation method thereof, technical problem to be solved is the SiCp/Al matrix material for preparing at a lower temperature low Si content, and without the fragility interfacial product of facile hydrolysis.
Technical solution problem of the present invention adopts following technical scheme:
The characteristics of the low Si content SiCp/Al matrix material of the present invention are that its raw material constitutes by mass percentage: infiltration aluminium alloy 30-50%, and surplus is the SiC powder;
Described infiltration aluminium alloy is by quality percentage composition 7%≤Si≤10%, 4%≤Mg≤10%;
The particle diameter of described SiC powder is 10 μ m-100 μ m.
The characteristics of the low Si content SiCp/Al composite manufacture method of the present invention are to operate according to the following steps: in the ceramic die of packing into after the SiC powder of different-grain diameter is mixed; obtain the SiC prefabricated component after vibrating compacting or the mold pressing compacting; the infiltration aluminium alloy is positioned over SiC prefabricated component top; drying treatment is placed in the tube furnace; under nitrogen protection, in 735-800 ℃ of insulation 1-3 hour, naturally cool to subsequently room temperature and namely get the SiCp/Al matrix material.
The characteristics of the low Si content SiCp/Al composite manufacture method of the present invention also are: the speed with 5-10 ℃/min when the temperature rise rate of tube furnace is set to be lower than 250 ℃ heats up, and reaches that the speed with 2-5 ℃/min heats up after 250 ℃.
The preparation of SiC prefabricated component can be adopted the method for vibrating compacting or mold pressing compacting, when adopting the mold pressing compacting, first the SiC powder of different-grain diameter is mixed, add again the binding agent wet ball mill, drying is placed on and is pressed into biscuit of ceramics in the mould, biscuit of ceramics is at the 60-80 ℃ of dry moisture content of removing in the base substrate, then in air resistance furnace, obtain enough intensity in 1-3 hour in 800-1000 ℃ of calcining, namely get the SiC prefabricated component.The SiC prefabricated component is put into the square ceramic boat bottom of inner wall coated with glue attitude graphite and drying processing, the infiltration Al alloy block that volume is slightly less than the SiC biscuit is placed on SiC prefabricated component top, then place tube furnace, speed with 5 ℃/min under nitrogen atmosphere is warming up to 735-800 ℃ of insulation 1-3 hour, naturally cools to subsequently room temperature and namely gets the SiCp/Al matrix material.
Compared with the prior art, beneficial effect of the present invention is embodied in:
1, the present invention adopts under lesser temps (735-800 ℃), utilizes the low Si content SiCp/Al matrix material of pressure-free impregnation preparation, because preparation temperature is low, to the requirement reduction of pressure-free impregnation equipment, thereby reduces production costs.
2, the present invention adopts the lesser temps infiltration can effectively avoid generating just like Al
4C
3Harmful surface reaction product, adopt simultaneously low silicon content (≤10%) to improve composite material strength, obtain the matrix material of high comprehensive performance.
3, the SiCp/Al matrix material of the present invention's preparation successfully avoids generating the interface resultant of facile hydrolysis, higher flexural strength is arranged compared with similar products, have excellent over-all properties, can obtain on demand different thermal expansivity, can apply to the fields such as electronic package material, wearing piece.
Four, description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the metallographic structure of the SiCp/Al matrix material of example 1 preparation.White is aluminum substrate, and grey is macrobead F220SiC, and small-particle is F500SiC.As seen from the figure, the dense structure of matrix material does not find the particle agglomeration phenomenon, and the SiC grain corner is clearly demarcated, and small-particle is filled in the macrobead gap, and the SiC particle comparatively is evenly distributed in around the aluminum substrate, the aluminum alloy melt SiC porous medium that infiltrates fully.
Fig. 2 is the SiCp/Al matrix material fracture electronic scanning pattern of example 2 preparations.As seen from the figure, the SiC particle surface is smooth, and SiC is particle studded in aluminum substrate, does not find the phenomenon that the SiC-Al interface breaks away from, and this has illustrated matrix and the strong associativity that strengthens body.
Five, embodiment
Embodiment 1:
The raw material of low Si content SiCp/Al matrix material constitutes by mass percentage in the present embodiment: infiltration aluminium alloy 30%, the quality percentage composition of Si is 10% in the infiltration aluminium alloy, the quality percentage composition of Mg is 8%, and impurity element total mass percentage composition is less than 2%, and surplus is Al; SiC powder 70%, SiC powder are two kinds of F220, F500, and the mass ratio of F220SiC powder and F500SiC powder is 2: 1.
Low Si content SiCp/Al matrix material prepares according to the following steps in the present embodiment:
F220SiC powder and F500SiC powder are packed into after cylinder mixes in the ceramic die (8cm * 5cm * 4cm); obtain highly being the SiC prefabricated component of 2cm after after the vibrating compacting; (7.5cm * 4.8cm * 1.8cm) is positioned over SiC prefabricated component top with the infiltration aluminium alloy; push in the tube furnace after 3 hours in 150 ℃ of dryings; pass into nitrogen; heat-up rate is 5-10 ℃/min before 250 ℃; be warmed up to 735 ℃/min with 2-5 ℃/min speed afterwards; under nitrogen protection, in 735 ℃ of pressure-free impregnations 3 hours, naturally cool to subsequently room temperature and namely get the SiCp/Al matrix material.
The SiCp/Al matrix material that present embodiment adopts the method for low temperature, low silicon content matrix to obtain has successfully avoided generating by surface reaction easily the situation of the reactant of facile hydrolysis when high temperature prepares, have simultaneously excellent performance.The bending strength 330MPa of the SiCp/Al matrix material of present embodiment preparation, average coefficient of linear expansion 7.81 * 10
-6℃
-1, thermal conductivity 190 ± 10Wm
-1℃
-1
Embodiment 2:
The raw material of low Si content SiCp/Al matrix material constitutes by mass percentage in the present embodiment: infiltration aluminium alloy 50%, the quality percentage composition of Si is 7% in the infiltration aluminium alloy, the quality percentage composition of Mg is 8%, and impurity element total mass percentage composition is less than 2%, and surplus is Al; SiC powder 50%, SiC powder are two kinds of F280, F500, and the mass ratio of F280SiC powder and F500SiC powder is 3: 1.
Low Si content SiCp/Al matrix material prepares according to the following steps in the present embodiment:
1, the preparation of SiC prefabricated component
100mL water and 5g polyvinyl alcohol are mixed, be warming up to 50 ℃ and infiltrate 2 hours, then be warming up to 90 ℃ of insulations and obtained polyvinyl alcohol solution in 2 hours, add the 6g silicon sol in the 30mL polyvinyl alcohol solution, the preparation that stirs obtains binding agent;
Batch mixing on drum mixer must mix the SiC powder in 4 hours with F280SiC powder and F500SiC powder; In 100g mixing SiC powder, add the binding agent that preparation obtains, take out after ball milling 2-4 hour in after 80 ℃ of dryings on the ceramic powder tabletting machine mold pressing be pressed into biscuit of ceramics, biscuit of ceramics is placed 60-80 ℃ baking oven drying to remove to put into air resistance furnace behind the moisture content namely got the SiC prefabricated component in 2 hours in 900 ℃ of calcinings.
2, composite manufacture
Be coated with the last layer deflocculated graphite at square ceramic boat inwall, the SiC prefabricated component is put into the ceramic boat bottom, the infiltration Al alloy block is positioned over SiC prefabricated component top, whole device is pushed in the tube furnace, pass into nitrogen, heat-up rate is 5-10 ℃/min before 250 ℃, be warmed up to 800 ℃/min with 2-5 ℃/min speed afterwards, under nitrogen atmosphere, in 800 ℃ of insulations 3 hours, be cooled to 500 ℃ and come out of the stove, after being chilled to normal temperature, polish off the residual aluminium alloy in top and can obtain the SiCp/Al matrix material.
The bending strength of the SiCp/Al matrix material of present embodiment preparation is 360Mpa, and average coefficient of linear expansion is 7.21 * 10
-6℃
-1, thermal conductivity is 180 ± 10W.m
-1. ℃
-1
Claims (1)
1. one kind low Si content SiCp/Al composite manufacture method, it is characterized in that operating according to the following steps: in the ceramic die of packing into after the SiC powder of different-grain diameter is mixed, obtain the SiC prefabricated component after vibrating compacting or the mold pressing compacting, the infiltration aluminium alloy is positioned over SiC prefabricated component top, drying treatment is placed in the tube furnace, under nitrogen protection, in 735-800 ℃ of insulation 1-3 hour, naturally cool to subsequently room temperature and namely get the SiCp/Al matrix material; Heat up with the speed of 5-10 ℃/min when the temperature rise rate of tube furnace is set to be lower than 250 ℃, reach that the speed with 2-5 ℃/min heats up after 250 ℃;
The raw material of described SiCp/Al matrix material constitutes by mass percentage:
Infiltration aluminium alloy 30-50%, surplus is the SiC powder;
Described infiltration aluminium alloy is by quality percentage composition 7%≤Si≤10%, 4%≤Mg≤10%;
The particle diameter of described SiC powder is 10 μ m-100 μ m.
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| CN102676901B (en) * | 2012-05-25 | 2014-01-15 | 山东大学 | Process for preparing SiC/Al electronic packaging materials by means of pressureless infiltration |
| CN104232973A (en) * | 2014-08-25 | 2014-12-24 | 合肥工业大学 | Ceramic particle reinforced aluminum base composite material with medium and low volume fractions and preparation method of composite material |
| CN108048685B (en) * | 2017-12-18 | 2019-12-10 | 河北工业大学 | TiC/SiC/Al composite material |
| CN109055798B (en) * | 2018-08-03 | 2020-08-21 | 北京汽车股份有限公司 | Preparation method of brake disc for vehicle, brake disc and vehicle |
| CN114480942B (en) * | 2022-02-17 | 2022-09-27 | 武汉科技大学 | Preparation method of silicon carbide reinforced aluminum-based composite material |
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| 刘君武等.粒度组成对高体积分数SiCp/Al复合材料性能的影响.《材料热处理学报》.2011,第32卷(第3期),第14-17页. * |
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