CN102203570A - 用于确定和/或监测介质过程变量的装置 - Google Patents
用于确定和/或监测介质过程变量的装置 Download PDFInfo
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- G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
- G01F23/00—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm
- G01F23/22—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm by measuring physical variables, other than linear dimensions, pressure or weight, dependent on the level to be measured, e.g. by difference of heat transfer of steam or water
- G01F23/24—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm by measuring physical variables, other than linear dimensions, pressure or weight, dependent on the level to be measured, e.g. by difference of heat transfer of steam or water by measuring variations of resistance of resistors due to contact with conductor fluid
- G01F23/241—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm by measuring physical variables, other than linear dimensions, pressure or weight, dependent on the level to be measured, e.g. by difference of heat transfer of steam or water by measuring variations of resistance of resistors due to contact with conductor fluid for discrete levels
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- G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
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- G01F23/22—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm by measuring physical variables, other than linear dimensions, pressure or weight, dependent on the level to be measured, e.g. by difference of heat transfer of steam or water
- G01F23/26—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm by measuring physical variables, other than linear dimensions, pressure or weight, dependent on the level to be measured, e.g. by difference of heat transfer of steam or water by measuring variations of capacity or inductance of capacitors or inductors arising from the presence of liquid or fluent solid material in the electric or electromagnetic fields
- G01F23/263—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm by measuring physical variables, other than linear dimensions, pressure or weight, dependent on the level to be measured, e.g. by difference of heat transfer of steam or water by measuring variations of capacity or inductance of capacitors or inductors arising from the presence of liquid or fluent solid material in the electric or electromagnetic fields by measuring variations in capacitance of capacitors
- G01F23/265—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm by measuring physical variables, other than linear dimensions, pressure or weight, dependent on the level to be measured, e.g. by difference of heat transfer of steam or water by measuring variations of capacity or inductance of capacitors or inductors arising from the presence of liquid or fluent solid material in the electric or electromagnetic fields by measuring variations in capacitance of capacitors for discrete levels
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- G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
- G01F23/00—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm
- G01F23/22—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm by measuring physical variables, other than linear dimensions, pressure or weight, dependent on the level to be measured, e.g. by difference of heat transfer of steam or water
- G01F23/26—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm by measuring physical variables, other than linear dimensions, pressure or weight, dependent on the level to be measured, e.g. by difference of heat transfer of steam or water by measuring variations of capacity or inductance of capacitors or inductors arising from the presence of liquid or fluent solid material in the electric or electromagnetic fields
- G01F23/263—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm by measuring physical variables, other than linear dimensions, pressure or weight, dependent on the level to be measured, e.g. by difference of heat transfer of steam or water by measuring variations of capacity or inductance of capacitors or inductors arising from the presence of liquid or fluent solid material in the electric or electromagnetic fields by measuring variations in capacitance of capacitors
- G01F23/266—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm by measuring physical variables, other than linear dimensions, pressure or weight, dependent on the level to be measured, e.g. by difference of heat transfer of steam or water by measuring variations of capacity or inductance of capacitors or inductors arising from the presence of liquid or fluent solid material in the electric or electromagnetic fields by measuring variations in capacitance of capacitors measuring circuits therefor
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
- G01F25/00—Testing or calibration of apparatus for measuring volume, volume flow or liquid level or for metering by volume
- G01F25/20—Testing or calibration of apparatus for measuring volume, volume flow or liquid level or for metering by volume of apparatus for measuring liquid level
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- H03K17/00—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking
- H03K17/94—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the way in which the control signals are generated
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种用于确定和/或监测介质(1)的至少一个过程变量的装置,具有至少一个计值单元(15),该计值单元检测和/或用信号表示介质(1)超过和/或低于过程变量的预定的极限值,还具有至少一个存储单元(17),该存储单元内寄存分配给介质(1)的至少一个特性的过程变量极限值,以及其中计值单元(15)从关于介质(1)的特性的信息出发,为确定和/或监测过程变量而从存储单元(17)中使用所寄存的分配给介质(1)特性的极限值。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于确定和/或监测介质的至少一个过程变量的装置。过程变量例如是料位。
背景技术
在现有技术中,例如公知通过识别在探头电极与导电容器的壁或者第二电极之间是否通过介质存在接触而监测介质的料位。因为在许多介质中在探头单元上会出现沉淀物,所以使用所谓的保护或者基准电极,其处于与探头电极相同的电位上并环绕探头电极(参见例如DE 32 12 434 C2)。但根据沉淀物的特性,难以合适地产生保护或者基准信号。
发明内容
本发明的目的因此在于,提出一种在大范围上避免了对沉淀物不敏感的测量仪表。
该目的依据本发明利用一种用于确定和/或监测介质的至少一个过程变量的装置得以实现,该装置具有至少一个计值单元,该计值单元检测和/或用信号表示介质超过和/或低于过程变量的预定极限值,以及具有至少一个存储单元,该存储单元内寄存分配给介质的至少一个特性的过程变量极限值,以及其中计值单元从关于介质特性的信息出发,为确定和/或监测过程变量而从存储单元中使用所寄存的分配给介质特性的极限值。测量仪表因此是所谓的限位开关,其中用于产生对于各介质的切换信号的极限值从存储单元中选取。为此测定介质的至少一个特性。于是,由此可关于特定的介质这样确定测量值的极限值,使特别是测量仪表上的沉淀物不妨碍可靠切换,也就是不妨碍指示达到或低于极限值。因为沉淀物通常使测量信号失真并因此提供错误的过程变量,所以极限值最好这样布设,使其处于测量信号通过沉淀物可以达到的区域外部。该装置在此方面可以是电容式或者电导式料位测量仪或者例如是基于示振技术的测量仪表(音叉或者单杆或者膜片振荡器)。换句话说:达到过程变量的值由此得到识别,即测量信号达到分配给过程变量的值的相应(极限)值。但过程变量与测量信号之间的这种分配取决于介质的至少一个特性。因此从这种特性出发,使用合适的测量信号极限值,其中,测量信号的这个极限值相当于过程变量的期望极限值。由此可以取消复杂的校准过程,因为最佳的切换点从所检测的介质特性中测定或计算并由此也可以根据容器或者管道系统内更换的介质(例如还有净化过程CIP、SIP)而自动调整。
依据一种构成,提供至少一个用于确定和/或监测介质特性的测量单元。在一种构成中,测量单元是与依据本发明的装置分开的单元。在另一种构成中,测量单元是装置的组成部分,或依据本发明的装置本身用作用于确定和/或监测介质特性的测量单元。
根据一种构成,提供至少一个电子单元,提供至少一个探头单元,该探头单元向电子单元施加控制信号且电子单元接收来自探头单元的接收信号,以及计值单元从接收信号中测定关于过程变量的信息。控制信号在此方面例如是向探头单元或者探头单元的至少一个组成部分施加的交流电压;而接收信号则是电流信号或者与此对应的电压,其可以从探头单元或者探头单元的至少一个组成部分中量取。在这种构成中,因此特别是电容式或者电导式料位开关。在现有技术中,这种限位开关要么以无微调地覆盖全部产品或介质光谱的标准校准提供,要么用户必须亲自在现场,也就是在装入状态下通过根据其所要测量的介质校准(例如通过电位计)来校准仪表。重新校准在此方面是一种额外开支,因为特别是必须启动介质的分配给极限位置的料位,并因此是不希望的。在制造方的标准校准总体上的缺点是,这样校准的测量仪表在探头单元受到污染或探头单元上附着沉淀物的情况下,相当快地引起电路故障。
依据一种构成,计值单元从接收信号中测定关于介质特性的信息。
根据一种构成,探头单元具有至少一个传感器电极和保护电极。保护电极的另一个名称是补偿电极,其中,该名称也反映出各自的应用或施加一个或者多个信号的类型。保护电极在一种构成中用作基准电极,通过其始终监测探头单元上通过介质产生的负荷状态,其中,例如通过基准电压(也就是在基准电极上量取的电压)与测量电压(也就是作为接收信号在施加控制信号后从传感器电极量取的电压)之比,产生无覆盖报告或者覆盖报告,也就是指示低于或超过极限值。
依据一种构成,保护电极基本上圆柱体构成,以及传感器电极设置在基本上圆柱体构成的保护电极的内部。在此方面,保护电极在一种构成中特别是也作为基准电极使用。这里所介绍的结构在此方面特别是与公开文献DE 10 2007 003 887 A1中所介绍的结构相应。
依据一种构成,计值单元从伴随低于极限值的接收信号出发,得出探头单元被沉淀物覆盖的程度。通过沉淀物大多在未被介质覆盖的状态下产生与相当于本身无覆盖状态的信号或测量电压不同的信号或测量电压。在此方面,沉淀物的厚度也具有明显影响。因此例如从沉淀物信号的变化中可以为无覆盖状态得出沉淀物厚度增加的结论,从而也可以得出预期维护(predictive maintenance)的结论。如果测量值非常接近切换点或极限值并保持在那里,那么可以发出要求清洁探头的报警报告。
根据一种构成,过程变量是容器内部介质的料位。
依据一种构成,介质的特性是介质的电导率。
附图说明
现借助后面的附图对本发明进行详细说明。其中:
图1示出依据本发明的测量仪表应用的示意图;以及
图2示出探头单元一部分的示意图。
具体实施方式
在图1中,监测容器2内部介质1的料位。介质1在此方面最好是导电的液体。同样也可以在不导电的介质中使用。测量仪表由电子单元8和探头单元5组成。在实际的构成中,探头单元5在此方面最好这样安装在容器2的壁内,使壁直接与其封闭。容器2例如也可以是介质1所流过的管;容器因此是指至少有时接收介质的那种结构类型。容器2的壁在这里作为测量电极构成,也就是说,它与地电位导电连接。作为选择,将第二电极送入容器2内。同时与大地连接信号源10,该信号源特别是产生发送到传感器电极6的交流电压信号作为控制信号。如果导电的介质1达到通过探头单元5的构成及其在容器2之内或之上的位置而预定的料位,那么传感器电极6与容器2的壁之间产生电接触,这导致例如可以由传感器电极6作为接收信号量取的电流改变。
如果例如介质1再次下降且与此同时探头单元5上附着有沉淀物,将会出现问题。例如,如果容器2的整个壁与大地导电连接且沉淀物从传感器电极6一直延伸到壁,那么形成错误指示,因为始终指示的是覆盖状态。为消除这种沉淀物问题,具有所谓的保护电极7,其至少在传感器电极与介质1接触的区域内同轴环绕传感器电极6。传感器电极6与保护电极7之间在此方面通常具有在探头单元内的绝缘体。这个保护电极7在这里通过第一放大单元9施加保护信号。在此方面,探头信号和保护信号最好是具有相同的相位和相同的幅度。如果沉淀物处于探头单元5上,那么保护电极7向对应电极(这在这里例如是容器2的接地壁或者在另一构成中是第二附加电极)激励交流电流并理想地将覆盖电极的沉淀物提升到保护电极7所处的电位上。从探头单元5到对应电极2的电流流动因此得到避免,因为环绕探头电极的沉淀物通过保护电极提升到相同的电位上。
信号源10的信号可以是任意的交流信号,其通过放大单元9经限制元件11(在这里是欧姆电阻)发送到保护电极7。选择限制元件11的电阻大于放大单元9的内部电阻。通过限制元件11防止放大器9受到限制。保护信号最好作为基准信号或作为用于计值或确定料位的基准电压而被输送到计值单元15,在那里例如通过需要时也可以是微处理器组成部分的模数转换器数字化。此外将保护信号输送到放大单元,该放大单元在这里作为隔离单元12(特别是还承担阻抗转换器的任务)用于防止反作用。该隔离单元12的放大率例如同样设为1。保护信号通过探头电流限制元件13作为控制信号到达传感器电极6。探头电流限制元件13在此方面最好是欧姆电阻,其防止探头电流在导电率很高的介质情况下过大并因此例如处于模数转换器的范围之外。控制信号需要时也输送到计值单元15,以便例如同样被数字化。在一种构成中,在计值时对保护信号与接收信号之间的比例进行计值或将其与预定的极限值进行比较。
计值单元15依据本发明与寄存极限值的存储单元17连接。极限值在此方面例如通过公式或者以列表的形式寄存。极限值在此方面最好取决于所要测量的介质的至少一个特性而寄存,在这里特别是介质的电导率。根据所测定的电导率值,然后从存储单元17中提取合适的极限值,并之后取决于该数值在连续运行中用信号表示达到或低于介质的与极限值相关的料位。
为获得数据,最好在加工时记录在无沉淀物的情况下对于无覆盖和覆盖情况的测量数据。测量数据最好可以利用数学函数描述。为保证更加可靠的切换,在覆盖线上面确定的距离内预定一条切换点线并作为函数或者作为单个数据寄存在存储单元17内。这一点例如由厂家方面对于确定的探头几何形状进行。
情况表明,随着介质的导电性增大,基准电压,也就是这里用作基准电极的保护电极7的电压下降。
图2示出探头单元5的结构:保护或基准电极7圆柱体构成并环绕在这里设置在其中心的传感器电极6。在此方面示出探头单元5的端面,在该端面内保护电极7看起来是一平面的边缘,传感器电极6通入该平面的中心。
依据本发明的测量仪表的调试因此例如通过以下步骤进行:
计值单元15首先以体现相对于空气的区别的极限值工作,该区别因此通过探头单元5受到任何介质的覆盖而触发信号。如果出现被介质覆盖,那么通过保护电极7进行介质的阻抗测量或电导率测量,也就是第一次确定正在测量何种介质。然后从所测定的保护电压或从电导率测量中,从存储单元17中提取所属的极限值。探头信号与所测定的极限值相关得到计值并得出传感器无覆盖报告或者覆盖报告。极限值在此方面这样设置,使介质的沉淀物不妨碍在低于极限值所属的料位时产生无覆盖信号。
优点因此一方面是不需要有意识地进行校准,而是对于存在的介质在直接运行中由测量仪表自主进行校准和优化;而另一方面,对于介质的极限值是特定的并被预定为使得沉淀物对测量仪表的切换没有不利影响。
附图符号
1 介质
2 容器
5 探头单元
6 传感器电极
7 保护电极
8 电子单元
9 放大单元
10 信号源
11 限制元件
12 隔离单元
13 探头电流限制元件
15 计值单元
16 用于传感器电极电流的测量电阻
17 存储单元
20 测量单元
Claims (9)
1.用于确定和/或监测介质(1)的至少一个过程变量的装置,具有至少一个计值单元(15),该计值单元检测和/或用信号表示介质(1)超过和/或低于过程变量的预定的极限值,以及该装置具有至少一个存储单元(17),该存储单元内寄存所述过程变量的分配给介质(1)至少一个特性的极限值,以及其中计值单元(15)从关于介质(1)的特性的信息出发,为确定和/或监测过程变量而从存储单元(17)中使用所寄存的分配给介质(1)特性的极限值。
2.按权利要求1所述的装置,其特征在于,具有至少一个用于确定和/或监测介质(1)特性的测量单元(20)。
3.按权利要求1或2所述的装置,其特征在于,具有至少一个电子单元(8),具有至少一个探头单元(5),该探头单元向电子单元(8)施加控制信号且电子单元(8)接收来自该探头单元的接收信号,以及计值单元(15)从接收信号中测定关于过程变量的信息。
4.按权利要求3所述的装置,其特征在于,计值单元(15)从接收信号中测定关于介质(1)特性的信息。
5.按权利要求3或4所述的装置,其特征在于,探头单元(5)具有至少一个传感器电极(6)和保护电极(7)。
6.按权利要求5所述的装置,其特征在于,保护电极(7)基本上圆柱体构成,以及传感器电极(6)设置在基本上圆柱体构成的保护电极(7)的内部。
7.按权利要求3-6之一所述的装置,其特征在于,计值单元(15)从伴随低于极限值而产生的接收信号出发,得出探头单元(5)被沉淀物覆盖的程度。
8.按权利要求1-7之一所述的装置,其特征在于,过程变量是容器(2)内部的介质(1)的料位。
9.按权利要求1-8之一所述的装置,其特征在于,介质(1)的特性是介质(1)的电导率。
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PCT/EP2009/064128 WO2010060710A1 (de) | 2008-11-03 | 2009-10-27 | VORRICHTUNG ZUR BESTIMMUNG UND/ODER ÜBERWACHUNG EINER PROZESSGRÖßE EINES MEDIUMS |
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EP (1) | EP2344849B1 (zh) |
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US20110276281A1 (en) | 2011-11-10 |
DE102008043412A1 (de) | 2010-05-06 |
EP2344849A1 (de) | 2011-07-20 |
CA2742228C (en) | 2017-09-19 |
CA2742228A1 (en) | 2010-06-03 |
EP2344849B1 (de) | 2019-09-04 |
CN102203570B (zh) | 2014-03-19 |
WO2010060710A1 (de) | 2010-06-03 |
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