CN102199630B - Anaerobic dry fermentation method for generating biogas and used system thereof - Google Patents
Anaerobic dry fermentation method for generating biogas and used system thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses an anaerobic dry fermentation method for generating biogas and a used system thereof. The method uses crop straw as raw material and contains two stages, namely pretreatment and anaerobic fermentation. The pretreatment stage comprises the following steps: crushing crop straw, performing air explosion, adding composite microbial inoculum accounting for 0.1-0.2wt% of crop straw, replenishing water to perform stacking treatment, then mixing the treated crop straw with animal manure to ensure that the carbon nitrogen ratio is 20-30:1 and obtain straw-manure mixture, and using biogas slurry to inoculate after mixing. The anaerobic fermentation stage is that the inoculated straw-manure mixture is utilized to perform anaerobic fermentation at 25-35 DEG C to generate biogas. By adopting the anaerobic dry fermentation method for generating biogas, the cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin of the straw can be effectively degraded, the effect of high biogas output can be achieved, the excessive accumulation of organic acid can be prevented and the internal temperature of the anaerobic reactor can be stable.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to utilize the method and apparatus of crop stalk fermentation methane production, relate in particular to a kind of anaerobic dry fermentation and produce the method for biogas and the device of use.
Background technology
The stalk resource of China is very abundant, and annual stalk output reaches 5.7～600,000,000 t, accounts for 20～30% of world's stalk ultimate production.A large amount of stalks turn to open incineration; cause serious atmospheric pollution and the wasting of resources; study applicable method processing and utilizing stalk, realize its resource utilization, will become one of important channel of alleviating " grain, the energy, environment " the three large crises that face of current China.
Sludge gas dry fermentation refers to taking solid organic waste substances as raw material, under the condition without flowing water, carry out the technique of biogas fermentation, can be by solids content in traditional anaerobic digestion process by bringing up to more than 35% lower than 8%, generally dry matter content 20% left and right is comparatively suitable.Dry fermentation has not only improved pond and has held factor of created gase and Chi Rong efficiency, and postdigestive product does not need dehydration to get final product as fertilizer sources or soil redeposition uses, simplify manipulation, reduced cost, these advantages have caused that domestic and international investigator is to doing fermentation in the extensive attention aspect processing domestic waste and agricultural resistates.
China has started the dry fermentation research of large-sized biogas at the beginning of 21 century, at present also in lab scale conceptual phase.External more Zao than China to the research of sludge gas dry fermentation technology, overall technology level is leading compared with China.From the forties in 20th century, Germany, France and Algeria just start to use batch type sludge gas dry fermentation technology.The eighties in 20th century, the countries such as Germany, Holland, Switzerland, Burkina Faso, the Niger conduct in-depth research sludge gas dry fermentation.
Sludge gas dry fermentation method, because its fermentation raw material is stalk, contains a large amount of Mierocrystalline celluloses in stalk, therefore the material of the difficult degraded such as hemicellulose has a strong impact on Production in Straw Fermentation biogas efficiency.In biogas fermentation, the problem such as inhomogeneous, natural pond liquid oxypathy of the dry substance concentration of charging input and output material difficulty, heat and mass high and that cause is the technological difficulties of sludge gas dry fermentation in addition.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is intended to overcome the deficiency that above prior art exists, and the Mierocrystalline cellulose in a kind of effective degraded straw is provided, and improves the method for the anaerobic dry fermentation product biogas of factor of created gase.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a kind of anaerobic dry fermentation and produces bionethanation system.
Anaerobic dry fermentation of the present invention produces the method for biogas taking crop stalk as raw material, comprises two stages of pre-treatment and anaerobically fermenting.
Described pre-treatment is: will after crop stalk fragmentation, gas explosion, add 0.1～0.2% in the composite fungus agent of crop stalk quality, and moisturizing to make the mass percent of water in mixture be 60～70% rear stack retting 3～5 days, then crop stalk after treatment stack retting is mixed with animal excrement, making carbon-nitrogen ratio is 20～30:1, preferably 25:1 obtains straw ight soil mixture, after mixing, inoculate with natural pond liquid, natural pond liquid inoculum size is 20% of straw ight soil mixture quality, adjusts the massfraction 80% of water in straw ight soil mixture after the inoculation of natural pond liquid by adding water.
Described anaerobically fermenting is: postvaccinal straw ight soil mixture is carried out to anaerobically fermenting at 25～35 DEG C and produce biogas, be advisable with 29～31 DEG C, preferably keep 30 DEG C of left and right, in anaerobic fermentation process, and what the circulating water heating boiler by anaerobic reactor kept straw ight soil mixture maintains anaerobically fermenting temperature, the biogas of the fuel that circulating water heating boiler uses for producing in anaerobic reactor, the natural pond slag producing in anaerobic fermentation process is after plate-and-frame filter press filters, dehydration natural pond slag reclaims as farmland fertilizer, natural pond liquid is for the inoculation of straw ight soil mixture, thereby realize the recycle of natural pond liquid.
Preferably, the mass ratio of animal excrement and crop stalk is 1:1, ferment effect the best when the carbon-nitrogen ratio of mixture is 25:1.
Further, in anaerobic fermentation process, adopt the mode refluxing to stir the material in anaerobic reactor, in reactor start-up initial stage and stable phase, adopt different circulating flow strengths and reflux the intermittent time, ensureing reaching compared with high yield gas rate level of pig manure and stalk mixture.At aerogenesis initial stage (1-6 days), start reflux pump every 30min the mixture in reactor is stirred to 10min.Start reflux pump in gas production vigorous period (7-20 days) every 1h the mixture in reactor is stirred to 5min.Adopt this alr mode, can effectively prevent organic acid excess accumulation.
Described crop stalk is one or more in corn stalk, straw or rice straw; Described animal excrement are pig manure; In preprocessing process, added water is one or more in liquid dung, pond water, river, tap water or well water, and the pH value of various water is 6.5～7.5.
Each bacterial strain composition in described composite fungus agent and the percentage composition of the cell count of each bacterial strain in the total cell count of composite fungus agent are: fermentation Cytophaga 8-15%, molten paper rib bacterium 25-30%, Pasteur's sarcina methanica 15-25%, Wu Shi bacillus aceticus 5-10%, product yellowish fiber element Zymomonas mobilis 2-5%, Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens 4-10%, product cellobiose rib bacterium 3-5%, termite clostridium 1-5%, Wolf association Zymomonas mobilis 10-15%.
The anaerobic dry fermentation that product biogas method of the present invention is used produces bionethanation system, comprises ight soil basin, mixing tank and anaerobic reactor; Described ight soil basin is communicated with by pipeline and mixing tank, and between ight soil basin and mixing tank, is provided with the first transferpump; Described mixing tank is communicated with anaerobic reactor by pipeline, and is provided with the second transferpump between mixing tank and anaerobic reactor; Anaerobic reactor outer setting has circulating water heating boiler, anaerobic reactor bottom is provided with phegma outlet and natural pond slag outlet, phegma outlet is communicated with the opening for feed of anaerobic reactor by reflux pump, natural pond slag discharge outlet is deposited pond with natural pond slag and is connected, natural pond slag is deposited pond by carrying transport pipe to connect plate-and-frame filter press, and natural pond slag is deposited pond and connect and between plate-and-frame filter press, is provided with the 3rd transferpump; Plate-and-frame filter press is also communicated with mixing tank by transport pipe, between plate-and-frame filter press and mixing tank, be provided with the 4th transferpump, make mixing tank, the second transferpump, anaerobic reactor, natural pond slag deposit pond, the 3rd transferpump, plate-and-frame filter press, the 4th loop line of transferpump formation.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is as follows:
1, fermentation pre-treatment in by the straw utilization composite fungus agent stack retting processing after gas explosion, effectively Mierocrystalline cellulose in degrading straw, reaches high yield gas rate effect.
2, design feeding-in solid body concentration is 20% left and right, under this concentration, can utilize pump that stalk pig manure mixture is passed in anaerobic reactor, utilizes gravity to drain unnecessary natural pond slag simultaneously, maintains system material balance.
3, reflux by timing every day natural pond liquid, ensure that in anaerobic reactor, mixing of materials is even, prevent organic acid excess accumulation.
4, utilize boiler outer circulation water, maintain anaerobic reaction actuator temperature 30 degrees Celsius of left and right, simultaneously due to natural pond liquid backflow effect, ensure temperature equalisation in anaerobic reactor.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 anaerobic dry fermentation of the present invention produces the schema of the method for biogas;
Fig. 2 is the system diagram that anaerobic dry fermentation of the present invention produces biogas.
In figure, mark is illustrated as: 1-ight soil basin, 2-mixing tank, 3-anaerobic reactor, 4-plate-and-frame filter press, 5-natural pond slag are deposited pond, 6-circulating water heating boiler, 7-the 4th transferpump, 8-reflux pump, 9-the second transferpump, 10-the first transferpump, 11-the 3rd transferpump.
Embodiment
embodiment 1
Anaerobic dry fermentation described in the present embodiment produces the method for biogas taking crop stalk as raw material, comprises two stages of pre-treatment and anaerobically fermenting.
Described pre-treatment is: will after corn stalk fragmentation, gas explosion, add 0.1% in the composite fungus agent of corn stalk quality, and moisturizing to make the mass percent of water in mixture be 60% rear stack retting 4 days, then corn stalk after treatment stack retting is mixed with pig manure, making carbon-nitrogen ratio is that 20:1 obtains straw ight soil mixture, after mixing, inoculate with natural pond liquid, natural pond liquid inoculum size is 20% of straw ight soil mixture quality, adjusts the massfraction 80% of water in straw ight soil mixture after the inoculation of natural pond liquid by adding water.
Described anaerobically fermenting is: postvaccinal straw ight soil mixture is carried out to anaerobically fermenting at 25 DEG C and produce biogas, the natural pond slag producing in anaerobic fermentation process is after plate-and-frame filter press filters, dehydration natural pond slag reclaims as farmland fertilizer, natural pond liquid is inoculated for straw ight soil mixture, thereby realizes the recycle of natural pond liquid.
Each bacterial strain composition in described composite fungus agent and the percentage composition of the cell count of each bacterial strain in the total cell count of composite fungus agent are: fermentation Cytophaga 8%, molten paper rib bacterium 30%, Pasteur's sarcina methanica 15%, Wu Shi bacillus aceticus 10%, product yellowish fiber element Zymomonas mobilis 5%, Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens 4%, product cellobiose rib bacterium 5%, termite clostridium 1%, Wolf association Zymomonas mobilis 15%.
In anaerobic fermentation process, adopt the mode refluxing to stir the material in anaerobic reactor, in reactor start-up initial stage and stable phase, adopt different circulating flow strengths and reflux the intermittent time, ensure reaching compared with high yield gas rate level of pig manure and stalk mixture.At aerogenesis initial stage (1-6 days), start reflux pump every 30min the mixture in reactor is stirred to 10min.Start reflux pump in gas production vigorous period (7-20 days) every 1h the mixture in reactor is stirred to 5min.Adopt this alr mode, can effectively prevent organic acid excess accumulation.
The anaerobic dry fermentation that product biogas method of the present invention is used produces bionethanation system, comprises ight soil basin 1, mixing tank 2 and anaerobic reactor 3; Ight soil basin 1 is communicated with by pipeline and mixing tank 2, and is provided with the first transferpump 10 between ight soil basin 1 and mixing tank 2; Mixing tank 2 is communicated with anaerobic reactor 3 by pipeline, and is provided with the second transferpump 9 between mixing tank 2 and anaerobic reactor 3; Anaerobic reactor 3 outer setting have circulating water heating boiler 6, the biogas that the fuel that circulating water heating boiler 6 uses produces for anaerobic reactor, anaerobic reactor 3 bottoms are provided with phegma outlet and natural pond slag outlet, phegma outlet is communicated with the opening for feed of anaerobic reactor by reflux pump 8, natural pond slag outlet is deposited pond 5 with natural pond slag and is connected, natural pond slag is deposited pond 5 by carrying transport pipe to connect plate-and-frame filter press 4, and natural pond slag is deposited and between pond 5 and plate-and-frame filter press 4, is provided with the 3rd transferpump 11; Plate-and-frame filter press 4 is also communicated with mixing tank 2 by transport pipe, between plate-and-frame filter press 4 and mixing tank 2, be provided with the 4th transferpump 7, make mixing tank 2, the second transferpump 9, anaerobic reactor 3, natural pond slag deposit pond 5, the 3rd transferpump 11, plate-and-frame filter press 4, the 4th transferpump 7 and form a loop line.
embodiment 2
Anaerobic dry fermentation described in the present embodiment produces the method for biogas taking crop stalk as raw material, comprises two stages of pre-treatment and anaerobically fermenting.
Described pre-treatment is: will after wheat straw fragmentation, gas explosion, add 0.2% in the composite fungus agent of wheat straw quality, and moisturizing to make the mass percent of water in mixture be 70% rear stack retting 4 days, then by wheat straw after treatment stack retting and pig manure in mass ratio 1:1 mix, making carbon-nitrogen ratio is that 25:1 obtains straw ight soil mixture, after mixing, inoculate with natural pond liquid, natural pond liquid inoculum size is 20% of straw ight soil mixture quality, adjusts the massfraction 80% of water in straw ight soil mixture after the inoculation of natural pond liquid by adding water.
Described anaerobically fermenting is: postvaccinal straw ight soil mixture is carried out to anaerobically fermenting at 35 DEG C and produce biogas, the natural pond slag producing in anaerobic fermentation process is after plate-and-frame filter press filters, dehydration natural pond slag reclaims as farmland fertilizer, natural pond liquid is inoculated for straw ight soil mixture, thereby realizes the recycle of natural pond liquid.
Each bacterial strain composition in described composite fungus agent and the percentage composition of the cell count of each bacterial strain in the total cell count of composite fungus agent are: fermentation Cytophaga 15%, molten paper rib bacterium 27%, Pasteur's sarcina methanica 20%, Wu Shi bacillus aceticus 7%, product yellowish fiber element Zymomonas mobilis 4%, Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens 7%, product cellobiose rib bacterium 3%, termite clostridium 3%, Wolf association Zymomonas mobilis 10%.
In anaerobic fermentation process, adopt the mode refluxing to stir the material in anaerobic reactor, in reactor start-up initial stage and stable phase, adopt different circulating flow strengths and reflux the intermittent time, ensure reaching compared with high yield gas rate level of pig manure and stalk mixture.At aerogenesis initial stage (1-6 days), start reflux pump every 30min the mixture in reactor is stirred to 10min.Start reflux pump in gas production vigorous period (7-20 days) every 1h the mixture in reactor is stirred to 5min.Adopt this alr mode, can effectively prevent organic acid excess accumulation.
It is identical with the system in embodiment 1 that the anaerobic dry fermentation using in the present embodiment produces bionethanation system.
embodiment 3
Anaerobic dry fermentation described in the present embodiment produces the method for biogas taking crop stalk as raw material, comprises two stages of pre-treatment and anaerobically fermenting.
Described pre-treatment is: will after paddy stalk fragmentation, gas explosion, add 0.15% in the composite fungus agent of paddy stalk quality, and moisturizing to make the mass percent of water in mixture be 65% rear stack retting 4 days, then paddy stalk after treatment stack retting is mixed with pig manure, making carbon-nitrogen ratio is that 30:1 obtains straw ight soil mixture, after mixing, inoculate with natural pond liquid, natural pond liquid inoculum size is 20% of straw ight soil mixture quality, adjusts the massfraction 80% of water in straw ight soil mixture after the inoculation of natural pond liquid by adding water.
Described anaerobically fermenting is: postvaccinal straw ight soil mixture is carried out to anaerobically fermenting at 30 DEG C and produce biogas, the natural pond slag producing in anaerobic fermentation process is after plate-and-frame filter press filters, dehydration natural pond slag reclaims as farmland fertilizer, natural pond liquid is inoculated for straw ight soil mixture, thereby realizes the recycle of natural pond liquid.
Each bacterial strain composition in described composite fungus agent and the percentage composition of the cell count of each bacterial strain in the total cell count of composite fungus agent are: fermentation Cytophaga 12%, molten paper rib bacterium 25%, Pasteur's sarcina methanica 25%, Wu Shi bacillus aceticus 5%, product yellowish fiber element Zymomonas mobilis 5%, Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens 10%, product cellobiose rib bacterium 4%, termite clostridium 5%, Wolf association Zymomonas mobilis 13%.
In anaerobic fermentation process, adopt the mode refluxing to stir the material in anaerobic reactor, in reactor start-up initial stage and stable phase, adopt different circulating flow strengths and reflux the intermittent time, ensure reaching compared with high yield gas rate level of pig manure and stalk mixture.At aerogenesis initial stage (1-6 days), start reflux pump every 30min the mixture in reactor is stirred to 10min.Start reflux pump in gas production vigorous period (7-20 days) every 1h the mixture in reactor is stirred to 5min.Adopt this alr mode, can effectively prevent organic acid excess accumulation.
System in the anaerobic dry fermentation product bionethanation system embodiment 1 using in the present embodiment is identical.
In concrete enforcement, the raw material using can also be that the water of adding can be liquid dung, pond water, river, tap water or well water except other listed crop stalk in embodiment.
The characteristic of various bacterium in composite fungus agent described in the present invention and source are as follows:
Fermentation Cytophaga (Cytophaga fermentans): cell is flexible shaft-like, amphimicrobian, under aerobic conditions, decomposition of cellulose produces acetic acid, propionic acid, succsinic acid, H2 and CO2 etc., can produce yellow pigment simultaneously; Bacterial strain deposit number ATCC 19072, DSM 9555
Wu Shi bacillus aceticus (Acetobacterium woodii): cell ellipse or quarter butt, Dan Sheng, becomes chain rupture in pairs once in a while, strictly anaerobic, hydrogen oxide, reduction CO2 generate acetic acid, and also ferment fructose and other substrates produce acetic acid; Bacterial strain deposit number ATCC 29683, DSM 1030
Produce yellowish fiber element Zymomonas mobilis (Cellulomonas flavigena): elongated rod-shaped, energy decomposition of cellulose, can also utilize glucose and other carbohydrate under aerobic and anaerobic conditions, to produce acid; Bacterial strain deposit number ATCC 482, DSM 20109
Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens (Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens), vibrios, strictly anaerobic, decomposition of cellulose produces organic acid, can produce the hemicellulase of degradation of hemicellulose simultaneously; Bacterial strain deposit number ATCC 19171, DSM3071
Molten paper rib bacterium (Clostridium papyrosolvens): bending or direct rod shape, hydrocellulose produces cellobiose etc.; Bacterial strain deposit number ATCC 35413, DSM 2782
Produce cellobiose rib bacterium (Clostridium cellobioparum): bending or direct rod shape, hydrocellulose produces cellobiose etc.; Bacterial strain deposit number ATCC 15832, DSM 1351
termite clostridium(Clostridium termitidis): bending or direct rod shape, hydrocellulose produces acetic acid, ethanol and H2 etc.; Bacterial strain deposit number ATCC51846, DSM5398
Wolf association Zymomonas mobilis (Syntrophomonas Wolfei): slight screw shaped, do not produce gemma, decompose butyric acid and produce acetic acid and H2; Bacterial strain deposit number ATCC 43021, DSM4212
Pasteur's sarcina methanica (Methanosarcina barkeri): asymmetric spherical, can irregular gathering agglomerating, utilize methyl alcohol, Trimethylamine 99, acetic acid and H2/CO2 growth to produce methane.Bacterial strain deposit number ATCC43241, DSM1538
Above bacterial strain is all bought from the ATCC of USS type culture collection institute by Central Plains, Beijing corporate agent.
Claims (6)
1. anaerobic dry fermentation produces a method for biogas, taking crop stalk as raw material, comprises two stages of pre-treatment and anaerobically fermenting, it is characterized in that:
Described pre-treatment is: will after agricultural crop straw fragmentation, gas explosion, add 0.1-0.2% in the composite fungus agent of agricultural crop straw quality, and the laggard windrow of moisturizing is macerated processing, then agricultural crop straw after treatment stack retting is mixed with animal excrement, making carbon-nitrogen ratio is 20-30:1, obtain stalk ight soil mixture, after mixing, with the inoculation of natural pond liquid, the inoculum size of natural pond liquid is 20% of stalk ight soil mixture quality, adjusts the massfraction 80% of water in straw ight soil mixture after the inoculation of natural pond liquid by adding water;
Wherein, the percentage composition of the cell count of the each bacterial strain composition in described composite fungus agent and each bacterial strain in the total cell count of composite fungus agent is: fermentation Cytophaga 8-15%, molten paper rib bacterium 25-30%, Pasteur's sarcina methanica 15-25%, Wu Shi bacillus aceticus 5-10%, product yellowish fiber element Zymomonas mobilis 2-5%, Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens 4-10%, product cellobiose rib bacterium 3-5%, termite clostridium 1-5%, Wolf association Zymomonas mobilis 10-15%;
Described anaerobically fermenting is: the stalk ight soil mixture after inoculation moisturizing is carried out to anaerobically fermenting at 25-35 DEG C and produce biogas;
In anaerobic fermentation process, adopt the mode refluxing to stir the material in anaerobic reactor, at the aerogenesis initial stage, start reflux pump every 30min the mixture in reactor is stirred to 10min, start reflux pump in gas production vigorous period every 1h the mixture in reactor is stirred to 5min, and keeping the anaerobically fermenting temperature of stalk ight soil mixture by the circulating water heating boiler of anaerobic reactor is 29-31 DEG C, the biogas of the alkene material that circulating water heating boiler uses for producing in anaerobic reactor.
2. anaerobic dry fermentation according to claim 1 produces the method for biogas, it is characterized in that: the methane slag that anaerobically fermenting produces is after plate-and-frame filter press filters, and dehydration natural pond slag reclaims as farmland fertilizer, and natural pond liquid is for the inoculation of straw ight soil mixture.
3. anaerobic dry fermentation according to claim 1 produces the method for biogas, it is characterized in that: agricultural crop straw adds after composite fungus agent moisturizing, and in mixture, the mass percent of water is 60-70%.
4. anaerobic dry fermentation according to claim 1 produces the method for biogas, it is characterized in that: the described stack retting time is 3-5 days.
5. anaerobic dry fermentation according to claim 1 produces the method for biogas, it is characterized in that: the mass ratio of animal excrement and farm crop is 1:1, and the carbon-nitrogen ratio of mixture is 25:1.
6. anaerobic dry fermentation according to claim 1 produces the method for biogas, it is characterized in that: described agricultural crop straw is one or more in cornstalk, straw or rice straw; Described animal excrement are pig manure; In preprocessing process, added water is one or more in liquid dung, river, tap water or well water, and the pH value of various water is 6.5-7.5.
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