CN102199451A - Biomass destructive distillation and cracking integrated equipment and biomass destructive distillation and cracking system - Google Patents
Biomass destructive distillation and cracking integrated equipment and biomass destructive distillation and cracking system Download PDFInfo
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- CN102199451A CN102199451A CN2011100855326A CN201110085532A CN102199451A CN 102199451 A CN102199451 A CN 102199451A CN 2011100855326 A CN2011100855326 A CN 2011100855326A CN 201110085532 A CN201110085532 A CN 201110085532A CN 102199451 A CN102199451 A CN 102199451A
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- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 153
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 96
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 60
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000003763 carbonization Methods 0.000 claims description 148
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 60
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 47
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims description 44
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 claims description 43
- 239000000567 combustion gas Substances 0.000 claims description 36
- 239000011269 tar Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000003610 charcoal Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 230000007306 turnover Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004071 soot Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000002918 Fraxinus excelsior Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002956 ash Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 27
- 239000011285 coke tar Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000010504 bond cleavage reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000007017 scission Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 4
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 2
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Naphthalene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 1
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- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 238000004227 thermal cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/10—Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/10—Process efficiency
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Abstract
The invention relates to biomass destructive distillation and cracking integrated equipment, which comprises a main body, wherein the main body comprises a pyrolyzing destructive distillation chamber, a cracking chamber and a combustion chamber; the pyrolyzing destructive distillation chamber is arranged on the upper part of the main body and is used for pyrolyzing a biomass raw material to generate a pyrolyzed product; the pyrolyzed product comprises gas, carbon and tar; the cracking chamber is arranged on the lower part of the main body and is communicated with the pyrolyzing destructive distillation chamber, and is used for cracking the tar in the pyrolyzed product to generate the gas; and the combustion chamber is arranged on the outer sides of the pyrolyzing destructive distillation chamber and the cracking chamber to supply heat to the pyrolyzing destructive distillation chamber and the cracking chamber. In the biomass destructive distillation and cracking integrated equipment, due to the adoption of an integrated structure of the pyrolyzing destructive distillation chamber and the cracking chamber, the processes of a pyrolyzing destructive distillation reaction and a cracking reaction can be controlled effectively while heat efficiency is improved, the uniformity of gas output is ensured, and active carbon can be produced simultaneously. In addition, due to the adoption of a material turning and conveying integrated device for turning and conveying materials in the main body of the equipment, the conveying quantity of the raw materials and the time of the cracking reaction are controlled effectively during the running of the equipment.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the energy regeneration technical field of environmental engineering, especially relate to a kind of biomass carbonization and cracking integration apparatus.
Background technology
Biomass energy has bright development prospect as a kind of renewable energy source.The biomass through pyrolysis technology is a kind of important way that biomass energy is recycled.It is under certain thermodynamic condition, under the situation that limited oxygen or anaerobic are provided, the hydrocarbon polymer of forming biomass is converted into the process of inflammable gass such as containing carbon monoxide, hydrogen and methane.But because biomass through pyrolysis produces the coal-tar middle oil content height of combustion gas at present, lack effective treating method, become the major obstacle that this technology is further promoted.
Biomass coke tar is the liquid by product that produces in the thermal cracking processes, and tar is mainly the aggregate than macromolecular hydrocarbon.The composition that can analyze has 200 kinds, and main component is no less than 20 kinds, and wherein content is greater than 5% have 7 kinds, and they are: benzene, naphthalene, toluene, dimethylbenzene, vinylbenzene, phenol and indenes.
Tar condenses into liquid when low temperature (200 ℃), rising with temperature is gaseous state, and coke tar cracking does not need very high temperature (being about 1000 ℃～1200 ℃) can resolve into small molecules permanent gases (noncondensing one-tenth liquid when lowering the temperature again) down under having the catalyzer condition.Tar accounts for 5%～10% of combustible gas energy, is difficult at low temperatures with the burned utilization of combustible gas, and the civil time, most of tar was wasted.Tar condenses into liquid at low temperatures, and easy and water, carbon granules etc. combine, and stop up gas pipe line, block valve, vacuum fan rotor, corroding metal; Tar is difficult to perfect combustion, and produces particle such as carbon black, combustion gas is utilized infringements such as equipment such as oil engine, internal combustion turbine quite serious; The gas that tar and burning back thereof produce is deleterious to human body.This shows that the tar in the combustible gas has sizable hazardness, before using combustible gas, must it be removed clean as far as possible.
It is exactly under the effect of high temperature or catalyzer that biomass coke tar is carried out cracking, and coke tar cracking for low molecule combustion gas, has not only been solved the harm problem of tar, and can improve combustion gas output and calorific value.The cracking of biomass coke tar had both improved gasification efficiency, had improved the utility value of synthetic gas again, utilized technology to have decisive significance to development and popularization biomass higher-grade.
Consult Fig. 1, it is the structural representation of the biomass pyrolytic cracking apparatus of prior art.In prior biological matter and the tar treatment technology, coke tar cracking reactor and biomass pyrolysis reactor are divided into two equipment, the coke tar cracking reactor places the pyrolysis reactor rear, enter this coke tar cracking reactor behind the biomass pyrolytic, the thermopair of also having placed two same models in the coke tar cracking reactor is with the monitoring bed temperature, and the type of heating of coke tar cracking reactor, temperature controller are identical with pyrolysis reactor.The biomass pyrolytic cracking apparatus of this mode adopts two cover heating units, to consume a large amount of heat energy to a certain extent, gas after the pyrolysis simultaneously need feed the catalyst for cracking bed by pipeline, understands the thermosteresis of some in this process, has certain defective aspect energy-conservation.
Summary of the invention
For overcoming the defective of prior art, the invention provides a kind of biomass carbonization and cracking integration apparatus that integrates biomass carbonization and Pintsch process, it adopts pyrogenation and carbonization chamber and cracking room integral structure, the raising that realizes utilization efficiency of heat energy reasonably is set with compactness, reduce heat energy loss, realize effective control simultaneously, make biomass fuel in equipment, be able to abundant reaction pyrogenation and carbonization and scission reaction process.
For realizing purpose of the present invention, a kind of biomass carbonization and cracking body equipment are provided, comprise main body, this main body comprises: the pyrogenation and carbonization chamber, be arranged on the top of this main body, biomass material is carried out pyrolysis to generate the pyrolysis after product, described pyrolysis after product comprises combustion gas, charcoal and tar; Cracking room is arranged on the bottom of this main body and is communicated with this pyrogenation and carbonization chamber, and the tar in the described pyrolysis after product is carried out cracking to generate combustion gas; And the combustion chamber, be arranged on the outside of this pyrogenation and carbonization chamber and this cracking room, be this pyrogenation and carbonization chamber and this cracking room heat supply.
According to embodiments of the invention, this pyrogenation and carbonization chamber comprises pyrogenation and carbonization chamber, top and pyrogenation and carbonization chamber, bottom, this pyrogenation and carbonization chamber, bottom stretch in this cracking room and its internal diameter less than this pyrogenation and carbonization chamber, top, at the material inlet that this pyrogenation and carbonization chamber upper lateral part setting is communicated with it, described biomass material enters this pyrogenation and carbonization chamber from this material inlet.
According to embodiments of the invention, bottom by this pyrogenation and carbonization chamber, bottom between this cracking room and this pyrogenation and carbonization chamber directly communicates, the gas outlet that is communicated with it in this cracking room upper lateral part setting, in order to discharge combustion gas, be provided with push-pull valve and lock gas turnover panel unloading valve in this cracking room bottom, in order to the cracking after product of regular discharge homomorphism.
According to embodiments of the invention, also be provided with steam conveyor tube in this cracking room lower side, with water vapor introduce in this cracking room with described pyrolysis after product in charcoal carry out water-gas reaction, generate combustion gas and gac.
According to embodiments of the invention, be provided with exhanst gas outlet at this combustion chamber upper lateral part, be provided with it the fuel inlet that is communicated with in this lower side, combustion chamber, this bottom, combustion chamber also be provided with soot door in order to the burning in this combustion chamber of periodic cleaning after ashes.
According to embodiments of the invention, this main body is cylindric, and this pyrogenation and carbonization chamber and this cracking room and this combustion chamber are concentric circles and arrange.
According to embodiments of the invention, this main body height is a 2.0-4.0 rice.
According to embodiments of the invention, the working temperature of this pyrogenation and carbonization chamber is 500 ℃-600 ℃, and the working temperature of this cracking room is 1000 ℃-1200 ℃.
For realizing purpose of the present invention, a kind of biomass carbonization and cracking system also are provided, it comprises aforesaid biomass carbonization and cracking integration apparatus, this system also comprises materials overturning and transportation integration apparatus, vertically stretch in the pyrogenation and carbonization chamber of this biomass carbonization and cracking integration apparatus, in this pyrogenation and carbonization chamber, carry out the upset of raw material, and carry the pyrolysis after product from this pyrogenation and carbonization chamber to this cracking room.
According to embodiments of the invention, this materials overturning and transportation integration apparatus comprise: variable-frequency motor is arranged on this top, pyrogenation and carbonization chamber; Centre rotational axis, rotation under this variable-frequency motor drives; And a plurality of blades, be arranged on this centre rotational axis and be arranged in this pyrogenation and carbonization chamber, wherein when this centre rotational axis drives the rotation of described blade, the size of described blade and sense of rotation are provided so that the upwards upset of material in this pyrogenation and carbonization chamber, top, and the material in this pyrogenation and carbonization chamber, bottom is carried downwards.
According to embodiments of the invention, wherein, described a plurality of blade is divided into upper blade, middle part blade and lower blade totally three parts, the external diameter of upper blade is greater than the diameter of middle part and lower blade, and the sense of rotation of upper blade is opposite with middle part and lower blade, and the pitch of middle part blade is less than the upper and lower blade.
According to embodiments of the invention, this system also comprises: former hopper and worm conveyor, and biomass material is delivered to this pyrogenation and carbonization chamber from material inlet with this worm conveyor by this former hopper; And fuel hopper and gas blower, fuel enters the fuel channel that is attached thereto by this fuel hopper, by this gas blower air is blasted in this fuel channel simultaneously, and fuel and air in this fuel channel enter the combustion chamber from fuel inlet.
According to embodiment of the present invention, the described gas blower that uses of this system is roots blower, guarantees the required air capacity of full combustion of fuel in the fuel channel.
According to embodiments of the invention, this system also comprises water seal, be communicated with by the gas outlet of combustion gas vent pipe with this biomass carbonization and cracking integration apparatus, and this water seal have in addition the outlet communicate with atmosphere, be used to regulate the internal pressure of pyrogenation and carbonization chamber and cracking room.
According to embodiments of the invention, this system also comprises the UTILIZATION OF VESIDUAL HEAT IN boiler, be communicated with by the exhanst gas outlet of pipeline with this biomass carbonization and cracking integration apparatus, in this UTILIZATION OF VESIDUAL HEAT IN boiler softening water is housed, utilize the heat of the combustion product gases of combustion chamber generation that softening water is converted into water vapor, and described water vapor introduced in the cracking room by steam conveyor tube, be used for and carry out water-gas reaction from the charcoal in the pyrolysis after product of pyrogenation and carbonization chamber, generate combustion gas and gac.
Present device adopts pyrogenation and carbonization chamber and cracking room integral structure, with compactness the raising that has realized utilization efficiency of heat energy is set reasonably, has reduced heat energy loss.When improving thermo-efficiency, can also effectively control the process of pyrogenation and carbonization and scission reaction, and guarantee the even of gas production rate.Present device adopts materials overturning and transportation integration apparatus, the equipment that the guaranteed effective control to the raw material operational throughput in service.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the biomass pyrolytic cracking apparatus of prior art
Fig. 2 is biomass carbonization of the present invention and cracking integration apparatus structural representation;
Fig. 3 is the configuration schematic diagram of biomass carbonization of the present invention and cracking system.
Description of reference numerals wherein is as follows:
1, pyrogenation and carbonization chamber; 2, cracking room; 3, combustion chamber; 4, steam conveyor tube; 5, material inlet; 6, fuel inlet; 7, gas outlet; 8, exhanst gas outlet; 9, push-pull valve; 10, lock gas turnover panel unloading valve; 11, soot door; 12, materials overturning and transportation integration apparatus; 121, variable-frequency motor; 122, centre rotational axis; 123, blade (please in Fig. 2, marking 121,122 and 123) (marking); 14, former hopper; 15, worm conveyor; 16, fuel hopper; 17, gas blower; 18, UTILIZATION OF VESIDUAL HEAT IN boiler; 19, water seal.
Embodiment
Describe the present invention below in conjunction with drawings and Examples.
As shown in Figure 2, be biomass carbonization of the present invention and cracking integration apparatus structural representation.This biomass carbonization and cracking integration apparatus comprise main body, and this main body comprises: the vertical pyrogenation and carbonization chamber 1 that is provided with, be positioned at the top of this main body, and biomass material is carried out pyrolysis to generate the pyrolysis after product, described pyrolysis after product comprises combustion gas, charcoal and tar; Cracking room 2 is arranged on the bottom of this main body and is communicated with this pyrogenation and carbonization chamber 1, and the tar in the described pyrolysis after product is carried out cracking to generate combustion gas; And combustion chamber 3, be arranged on the outside of this pyrogenation and carbonization chamber 1 and this cracking room 2, be these pyrogenation and carbonization chamber 1 and these cracking room 2 heat supplies.
Wherein, this pyrogenation and carbonization chamber 1 comprises pyrogenation and carbonization chamber, top and pyrogenation and carbonization chamber, bottom, certain distance in this cracking room 2 is stretched in this pyrogenation and carbonization chamber, bottom, and the internal diameter of pyrogenation and carbonization chamber, bottom is less than this pyrogenation and carbonization chamber, top, at the material inlet 5 that this pyrogenation and carbonization chamber 1 upper lateral part setting is communicated with it, described biomass material enters this pyrogenation and carbonization chamber 1 from this material inlet 5.
Bottom by this pyrogenation and carbonization chamber, bottom between this cracking room 2 and this pyrogenation and carbonization chamber 1 directly communicates, and the gas outlet 7 that is communicated with it in these cracking room 2 upper lateral part settings is in order to discharge combustion gas.
Also be provided with steam conveyor tube 4 in these cracking room 2 lower sides, with water vapor introduce in this cracking room 2 with described pyrolysis after product in charcoal carry out water-gas reaction, generate combustion gas and gac.
Be provided with push-pull valve 9 and lock gas turnover panel unloading valve 10 in these cracking room 2 bottoms, in order to the cracking after product (comprising charcoal and/or gac etc.) of regular discharge homomorphism.
Be provided with exhanst gas outlet 8 at these combustion chamber 3 upper lateral parts, be provided with it the fuel inlet 6 that is communicated with in these 3 lower sides, combustion chamber, these 3 bottoms, combustion chamber also be provided with soot door 11 in order to the burning in this combustion chamber 3 of periodic cleaning after ashes.
In an embodiment of the present invention, this main body is cylindric, and this pyrogenation and carbonization chamber 1 and this cracking room 2 are concentric circles with this combustion chamber 3 and arrange.This main body height is about 2.0-4.0 rice.
Wherein, the working temperature of this pyrogenation and carbonization chamber 1 is 500 ℃-600 ℃, and the working temperature of this cracking room 2 is 1000 ℃-1200 ℃.
Fig. 3 is the configuration schematic diagram of the complete outfit of biomass carbonization of the present invention and cracking system.
See also Fig. 3, biomass carbonization of the present invention and cracking system comprise aforesaid biomass carbonization and cracking integration apparatus.
See also Fig. 2 again, in an embodiment of the present invention, described biomass carbonization and cracking system also comprise materials overturning and transportation integration apparatus 12, vertically stretch in the pyrogenation and carbonization chamber 1 of this biomass carbonization and cracking integration apparatus, in this pyrogenation and carbonization chamber 1, carry out the upset of raw material, and carry the pyrolysis after product from this pyrogenation and carbonization chamber 1 to this cracking room 2.
Wherein, this materials overturning and transportation integration apparatus 12 comprise: variable-frequency motor 121 is arranged on this 1 top, pyrogenation and carbonization chamber; Centre rotational axis 122, rotation under this variable-frequency motor 121 drives; And a plurality of blades 123, be arranged on this centre rotational axis 122 and be arranged in this pyrogenation and carbonization chamber 1, wherein when the described blade 123 of these centre rotational axis 122 drives rotates, the size of described blade 123 and sense of rotation are provided so that the upwards upset of material in this pyrogenation and carbonization chamber, top, and the material in this pyrogenation and carbonization chamber, bottom is carried downwards.
Described a plurality of blade 123 is divided into upper blade, middle part blade and lower blade totally three parts, the external diameter of upper blade is greater than the diameter of middle part and lower blade, and the sense of rotation of upper blade is opposite with middle part and lower blade, and the pitch of middle part blade is less than the upper and lower blade.
Continue to consult Fig. 3, biomass carbonization of the present invention and cracking system also comprise: former hopper 14 and worm conveyor 15, and biomass material is delivered to this pyrogenation and carbonization chamber 1 from material inlet 5 with this worm conveyor 15 by this former hopper 14; And fuel hopper 16 and gas blower 17, fuel enters the fuel channel that is attached thereto by this fuel hopper 16, by this gas blower 17 air is blasted in this fuel channel simultaneously, and fuel in this fuel channel and air enter combustion chamber 3 from fuel inlet 6.This gas blower 17 can be this area Root's blower commonly used.
Biomass carbonization of the present invention and cracking system also comprise: water seal 19, this water seal 19 is communicated with by the gas outlet 7 of combustion gas vent pipe with this biomass carbonization and cracking integration apparatus, and this water seal 19 has outlet to communicate with atmosphere in addition, is used to regulate the internal pressure of pyrogenation and carbonization chamber 1 and cracking room 2.
Biomass carbonization of the present invention and cracking system also comprise: UTILIZATION OF VESIDUAL HEAT IN boiler 18, be communicated with by the exhanst gas outlet 8 of pipeline with this biomass carbonization and cracking integration apparatus, in this UTILIZATION OF VESIDUAL HEAT IN boiler 18 softening water is housed, utilize the heat of the combustion product gases of combustion chamber 3 generations that softening water is converted into water vapor, and described water vapor is passed through steam conveyor tube 4 introduce in the cracking rooms 2, be used for and carry out water-gas reaction, generate combustion gas and gac from the charcoal in the pyrolysis after product of pyrogenation and carbonization chamber 1.
Be described below in conjunction with the workflow of accompanying drawing biomass carbonization of the present invention and cracking system.
As shown in Figure 3, pulverous biomass material delivers into pyrogenation and carbonization chamber 1 by former hopper 14 by worm conveyor 15.Under the rotation of the centre rotational axis 122 of materials overturning and transportation integration apparatus 12 drove, raw material ceaselessly overturn in pyrogenation and carbonization chamber 1 and stops time enough, to realize sufficient pyrogenation and carbonization.
Pyrogenation and carbonization produces pyrolysis after products such as combustion gas, charcoal and tar, pyrolysis gas wherein (comprise combustion gas, be gasiform tar and water vapor) carries organism such as tar and enters cracking room 2, scission reaction takes place and generates splitting gas (being the small molecules inflammable gas) in the tar in the pyrolysis after product in cracking room 2, and charcoal in the pyrolysis after product and the water vapor generation water-gas reaction of coming in from outside conveying, generate combustion gas and gac etc., combustion gas enters the combustion gas vent pipe via the gas outlet 7 that is arranged on cracking room 2 sidewalls, is introduced into follow-up purification cooling system then.
Water-gas reaction in the cracking room 2 can be controlled according to needs of production, by the straying quatity acquisition combustion gas or the high quality active carbon of control water vapor.Reacted charcoal of carbonization decomposition (obstructed when going into water vapour the charcoal in the cracking room remain unchanged) or gac (can generate gac after the portion water steam makes the charcoal incomplete reaction feeding) can quantitatively be discharged voluntarily by push-pull valve 9 and lock gas turnover panel unloading valve 10.
Meanwhile, be delivered to combustion chamber 3 by fuel hopper 16 through Root's blower 17 through pretreated powdered biological matter fuel.Powdered fuel is 3 internal combustion in the combustion chamber, and the bottom has higher temperature of combustion in the combustion chamber 3, and for cracking room 2 provides heat, 3 tops, combustion chamber have lower temperature of combustion, for carbonization decomposition chamber 1 provides heat.The combustion product gases that is produced by combustion chamber 3 enters UTILIZATION OF VESIDUAL HEAT IN boiler 18, the heat that UTILIZATION OF VESIDUAL HEAT IN boiler 18 utilizes combustion product gases to provide becomes the heating of the softening water in the boiler 18 into water vapor, for cracking room 2 provides the water vapor that carries out water-gas reaction, improved the thermo-efficiency of whole biomass carbonization and cracking system.
Normal in order to guarantee the pressure in pyrogenation and carbonization chamber and the cracking room, the place is provided with water seal 19 at the combustion gas vent pipe, and it is arranged on the outside of biomass carbonization and cracking integration apparatus, communicates with the combustion gas vent pipe by pipeline, other has outlet to communicate with atmosphere, is used for the pressure of conditioned reaction chamber interior.Wherein, the height of water is regulated according to the pressure in biomass carbonization and the cracking integration apparatus in the water seal 19, can not reveal away so that the pressure of the water in the water seal 19, is guaranteed equipment combustion gas in normal course of operation a little more than the equipment internal pressure.When improper situation appearred in the equipment internal pressure, the combustion gas under the high pressure can discharge from water seal 19, thereby avoided bringing danger to follow-up treating plant etc.
Biomass carbonization of the present invention and cracking integration apparatus concentrate on biomass carbonization pyrolysis and coke tar cracking in the main body and carry out, flow by materials overturning and transportation integration apparatus control powdered biological raw material, guarantee that biomass material carries out sufficient pyrolytic reaction in the destructive distillation pyrolysis chamber, again the pyrolysis after product is sent into cracking room afterwards, the tar in the described pyrolysis after product is carried out thermo-cracking.The present invention has abandoned and has divided coke tar cracking reactor and the biomass pyrolysis reactor that is arranged in the prior art, and saved connecting tube between these reactors, with compact and mass transport difficulty and the too much problem of heat energy loss between the different reactor of having solved reasonably be set.
Biomass material upset and transportation integration apparatus are specifically designed to upset and the conveying function of realizing biomass material in the pyrogenation and carbonization chamber of biomass carbonization and cracking integration apparatus, the blade of this materials overturning and transportation integration apparatus rotates up in pyrogenation and carbonization chamber, top, thereby overturns biomass material and control the inlet amount and the residence time of biomass material.The blade of this materials overturning and transportation integration apparatus is rotated down in pyrogenation and carbonization chamber, bottom (pyrogenation and carbonization outdoor enclosing in bottom is cracking room), and tar that produces in the assurance pyrogenation and carbonization chamber and charcoal can in time be transported to cracking room and carry out scission reaction and water-gas reaction.Biomass material of the present invention upset and transportation integration apparatus can overturn simultaneously and carry pyrolysis feed, have improved the residence time of pyrolysis feed in the pyrolysis chamber, and can after this with pyrolysis after product smooth delivery of power to cracking room.
Is furnished with water vapor flusher (steam jet promptly is housed) on steam conveyor tube in the cracking room bottom.Through the combustion gas output tube output after cooling of the combustion gas after the water-gas reaction by cracking room one side top.
After the pyrolysis after product entered in the cracking room, larger molecular organicses such as tar therein took place in cracking room in the scission reaction, and charcoal and water vapor generation water-gas reaction have reduced cindery output and intractability, have improved the quality of combustion gas.Simultaneously, can produce gac by the sprinkling amount of control water vapor.
The present invention can use raw material (be biomass material) and the biomass destructive distillation cracking process required heating source (be biomass fuel) of powdery biomass material while as biomass destructive distillation cracking, certainly, used fuel also can be the fuel of other types in the equipment of the present invention.Fuel enters the combustion chamber by the bottom, combustion chamber and up burns, and temperature is successively decreased from bottom to top successively, makes the cracking room temperature be higher than the pyrogenation and carbonization chambers temp, has guaranteed destructive distillation pyrolysis and the required heat of cracking.The high-temp combustion of employing powdery biomass fuel provides heat energy for the cracking of biomass carbonization and tar, and the fuel combustion temperature can reach 1000-1200 ℃.The feeding time of may command water vapor and feeding amount in cracking room according to actual needs react the charcoal in itself and the pyrolysis after product, with the requirement that reaches the more combustion gas of generation or produce gac.
Biomass carbonization of the present invention and cracking integration apparatus enter pyrogenation and carbonization chamber by worm conveyor for its transferring raw material by former hopper, provide fuel by Root's blower for the combustion chamber by fuel hopper.
Can realize producing the purpose of charcoal or gac in the cracking room simultaneously by the straying quatity of control water vapor.By the UTILIZATION OF VESIDUAL HEAT IN boiler is set, the flue gas that produces because of fuel combustion in the combustion chamber directly enters the UTILIZATION OF VESIDUAL HEAT IN boiler and carries out UTILIZATION OF VESIDUAL HEAT IN, softening water in the UTILIZATION OF VESIDUAL HEAT IN boiler is changed into water vapor, the water vapor that is produced be admitted in the cracking room with described pyrolysis after product in charcoal carry out water-gas reaction.The present invention for the carbonization decomposition system provides required water vapor, has improved the thermo-efficiency of total system by the UTILIZATION OF VESIDUAL HEAT IN boiler guaranteeing that biomass destructive distillation cracking makes full use of the heat that produces in the system under the situation completely.
Claims (14)
1. biomass carbonization and cracking integration apparatus comprise main body, and this main body comprises:
Pyrogenation and carbonization chamber (1) is arranged on the top of this main body, and biomass material is carried out pyrolysis to generate the pyrolysis after product, and described pyrolysis after product comprises combustion gas, charcoal and tar;
Cracking room (2) is arranged on the bottom of this main body and is communicated with this pyrogenation and carbonization chamber (1), and the tar in the described pyrolysis after product is carried out cracking to generate combustion gas; And
Combustion chamber (3) is arranged on the outside of this pyrogenation and carbonization chamber (1) and this cracking room (2), is this pyrogenation and carbonization chamber (1) and this cracking room (2) heat supply.
2. biomass carbonization according to claim 1 and cracking integration apparatus, wherein, this pyrogenation and carbonization chamber (1) comprises pyrogenation and carbonization chamber, top and pyrogenation and carbonization chamber, bottom, this pyrogenation and carbonization chamber, bottom stretch in this cracking room (2) and its internal diameter less than this pyrogenation and carbonization chamber, top, at the material inlet (5) that this pyrogenation and carbonization chamber (1) upper lateral part setting is communicated with it, described biomass material enters this pyrogenation and carbonization chamber (1) from this material inlet (5).
3. biomass carbonization according to claim 2 and cracking integration apparatus, wherein, bottom by this pyrogenation and carbonization chamber, bottom between this cracking room (2) and this pyrogenation and carbonization chamber (1) directly communicates, the gas outlet (7) that is communicated with it in this cracking room (2) upper lateral part setting, in order to discharge combustion gas, be provided with push-pull valve (9) and lock gas turnover panel unloading valve (10) in this cracking room (2) bottom, in order to the solid-state cracking after product of regular discharge.
4. biomass carbonization according to claim 3 and cracking integration apparatus, wherein, also be provided with steam conveyor tube (4) in this cracking room (2) lower side, with water vapor introduce in this cracking room (2) with described pyrolysis after product in charcoal carry out water-gas reaction, generate combustion gas and gac.
5. biomass carbonization according to claim 1 and cracking integration apparatus, wherein, upper lateral part is provided with exhanst gas outlet (8) in this combustion chamber (3), be provided with the fuel inlet (6) that is communicated with it in lower side, this combustion chamber (3), bottom, this combustion chamber (3) also be provided with soot door (11) in order to the burning in this combustion chamber of periodic cleaning (3) after ashes.
6. biomass carbonization according to claim 1 and cracking body equipment, wherein, this main body is cylindric, this pyrogenation and carbonization chamber (1) and this cracking room (2) are concentric circles with this combustion chamber (3) and arrange.
7. biomass carbonization according to claim 6 and cracking integration apparatus, wherein, this main body height is a 2.0-4.0 rice.
8. biomass carbonization according to claim 1 and 2 and cracking integration apparatus, wherein, the working temperature of this pyrogenation and carbonization chamber (1) is 500 ℃-600 ℃, the working temperature of this cracking room (2) is 1000 ℃-1200 ℃.
9. biomass carbonization and cracking system, it comprises that this system also comprises according to any described biomass carbonization and cracking integration apparatus in the claim 1 to 7:
Materials overturning and transportation integration apparatus (12), vertically stretch in the pyrogenation and carbonization chamber (1) of this biomass carbonization and cracking integration apparatus, in this pyrogenation and carbonization chamber (1), carry out the upset of raw material, and carry the pyrolysis after product from this pyrogenation and carbonization chamber (1) to this cracking room (2).
10. biomass carbonization according to claim 9 and cracking system, wherein, this materials overturning and transportation integration apparatus (12) comprising:
Variable-frequency motor (121) is arranged on this top, pyrogenation and carbonization chamber (1);
Centre rotational axis (122), rotation under this variable-frequency motor (121) drives; And
A plurality of blades (123) are arranged on this centre rotational axis (122) and go up and be arranged in this pyrogenation and carbonization chamber (1), wherein
When this centre rotational axis (122) drove described blade (123) rotation, the size of described blade (123) and sense of rotation were provided so that the upwards upset of material in this pyrogenation and carbonization chamber, top, and the material in this pyrogenation and carbonization chamber, bottom is carried downwards.
11. biomass carbonization according to claim 10 and cracking system, wherein, described a plurality of blade (123) is divided into upper blade, middle part blade and lower blade totally three parts, the external diameter of upper blade is greater than the diameter of middle part and lower blade, and the sense of rotation of upper blade is opposite with middle part and lower blade, and the pitch of middle part blade is less than the upper and lower blade.
12. biomass carbonization according to claim 9 and cracking system, this system also comprises: former hopper (14) and worm conveyor (15), biomass material are by this former hopper (14) and this worm conveyor (15) and be delivered to this pyrogenation and carbonization chamber (1) from material inlet (5); And
Fuel hopper (16) and gas blower (17), fuel enters the fuel channel that is attached thereto by this fuel hopper (16), by this gas blower (17) air is blasted in this fuel channel simultaneously, fuel in this fuel channel and air enter combustion chamber (3) from fuel inlet (6).
13. biomass carbonization according to claim 9 and cracking system, this system also comprises:
Water seal (19) is communicated with by the gas outlet (7) of combustion gas vent pipe with this biomass carbonization and cracking body equipment, and this water seal (19) have in addition the outlet communicate with atmosphere, be used to regulate the internal pressure of pyrogenation and carbonization chamber (1) and cracking room (2).
14. biomass carbonization according to claim 9 and cracking system, this system also comprises:
UTILIZATION OF VESIDUAL HEAT IN boiler (18), be communicated with the exhanst gas outlet (8) of this biomass carbonization and cracking integration apparatus by pipeline, in this UTILIZATION OF VESIDUAL HEAT IN boiler (18) softening water is housed, utilize the heat of the combustion product gases of combustion chamber (3) generation that softening water is converted into water vapor, and described water vapor is passed through steam conveyor tube (4) introduce in the cracking room (2), be used for and carry out water-gas reaction, generate combustion gas and gac from the charcoal in the pyrolysis after product of pyrogenation and carbonization chamber (1).
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