CN102189684A - 用于激光透射焊接塑料材料的焊接装置及其焊接方法 - Google Patents

用于激光透射焊接塑料材料的焊接装置及其焊接方法 Download PDF

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CN102189684A
CN102189684A CN2011101099665A CN201110109966A CN102189684A CN 102189684 A CN102189684 A CN 102189684A CN 2011101099665 A CN2011101099665 A CN 2011101099665A CN 201110109966 A CN201110109966 A CN 201110109966A CN 102189684 A CN102189684 A CN 102189684A
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plastic material
pressure
laser
welding
gripper shoe
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CN102189684B (zh
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庞振华
宋杰
赵博
梁锡辉
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Optical mechanical and electrical (Guangzhou) Research Institute Co., Ltd
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GUANGZHOU MECHANICAL AND ELECTRICAL TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH INSTITUTE
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
    • B29C65/16—Laser beams
    • B29C65/1629—Laser beams characterised by the way of heating the interface
    • B29C65/1635—Laser beams characterised by the way of heating the interface at least passing through one of the parts to be joined, i.e. laser transmission welding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
    • B29C65/16—Laser beams
    • B29C65/1603—Laser beams characterised by the type of electromagnetic radiation
    • B29C65/1612—Infrared [IR] radiation, e.g. by infrared lasers
    • B29C65/1616—Near infrared radiation [NIR], e.g. by YAG lasers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/11—Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/112—Single lapped joints
    • B29C66/1122—Single lap to lap joints, i.e. overlap joints
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/40—General aspects of joining substantially flat articles, e.g. plates, sheets or web-like materials; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles; Joining single elements to substantially flat surfaces
    • B29C66/41—Joining substantially flat articles ; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/81—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/812—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the composition, by the structure, by the intensive physical properties or by the optical properties of the material constituting the pressing elements, e.g. constituting the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/8126—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the composition, by the structure, by the intensive physical properties or by the optical properties of the material constituting the pressing elements, e.g. constituting the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the intensive physical properties or by the optical properties of the material constituting the pressing elements, e.g. constituting the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/81266—Optical properties, e.g. transparency, reflectivity
    • B29C66/81267—Transparent to electromagnetic radiation, e.g. to visible light
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/82—Pressure application arrangements, e.g. transmission or actuating mechanisms for joining tools or clamps
    • B29C66/824—Actuating mechanisms
    • B29C66/8242—Pneumatic or hydraulic drives
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/83—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof characterised by the movement of the joining or pressing tools
    • B29C66/832—Reciprocating joining or pressing tools
    • B29C66/8322—Joining or pressing tools reciprocating along one axis
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/92—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools
    • B29C66/922—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools by measuring the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools
    • B29C66/9221—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools by measuring the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools by measuring the pressure, the force or the mechanical power
    • B29C66/92211—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools by measuring the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools by measuring the pressure, the force or the mechanical power with special measurement means or methods
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/92—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools
    • B29C66/924—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools by controlling or regulating the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools
    • B29C66/9241—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools by controlling or regulating the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools by controlling or regulating the pressure, the force or the mechanical power
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/96—Measuring or controlling the joining process characterised by the method for implementing the controlling of the joining process
    • B29C66/967—Measuring or controlling the joining process characterised by the method for implementing the controlling of the joining process involving special data inputs or special data outputs, e.g. for monitoring purposes
    • B29C66/9674—Measuring or controlling the joining process characterised by the method for implementing the controlling of the joining process involving special data inputs or special data outputs, e.g. for monitoring purposes involving special data outputs, e.g. special data display means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/40—General aspects of joining substantially flat articles, e.g. plates, sheets or web-like materials; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles; Joining single elements to substantially flat surfaces
    • B29C66/41—Joining substantially flat articles ; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles
    • B29C66/45—Joining of substantially the whole surface of the articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/739—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/7392—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic
    • B29C66/73921—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic characterised by the materials of both parts being thermoplastics
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2995/00—Properties of moulding materials, reinforcements, fillers, preformed parts or moulds
    • B29K2995/0018—Properties of moulding materials, reinforcements, fillers, preformed parts or moulds having particular optical properties, e.g. fluorescent or phosphorescent
    • B29K2995/0026—Transparent
    • B29K2995/0027—Transparent for light outside the visible spectrum

Abstract

本发明提供了用于激光透射焊接塑料材料的焊接装置，包括支撑板、激光光源和压力调节机构，所述压力调节机构包括压板机构、支撑板、导向导轨和驱动机构，所述压板机构与驱动机构连接，且通过导向导轨与支撑板连接；所述压板机构上设有由透光窗口和透光窗体构成的透光窗；被焊接的塑料材料置于支撑板上，且对应地设置在透光窗的下方；激光光源通过激光束依次连接透光窗、被焊接的塑料材料。本发明还提供了由上述装置实现的焊接方法。本发明可以使被焊接材料获得合适的压力条件，进而更好的发生二次聚合而结合在一起，保证焊接质量和焊接强度。

Description

用于激光透射焊接塑料材料的焊接装置及其焊接方法
技术领域
本发明涉及激光焊接技术领域，特别涉及用于激光透射焊接塑料材料的焊接装置及其焊接方法，采用透射焊接原理对塑料材料进行激光焊接。
背景技术
塑料材料，作为高分子材料的重要部分，塑料结构独特、性能优异，广泛应用于科学技术、国防建设和国民经济各个领域。塑料和钢铁、木材、水泥并列成为四大支柱材料，以塑代钢、以塑代木是今后我国发展的方向，这也为高新的塑料加工手段提供了机遇和市场。
激光焊接技术作为一项具有鲜明特性的高新加工技术，在金属材料的焊接加工领域应用广泛，成果显著。随着绿色环保理念在全球工业生产中的贯彻以及出于生产成本控制方面的考虑，塑料作为一种性能优异的可再生非金属材料，被日趋广泛的使用在各行业的零部件设计、制造上，这也使得塑料焊接逐渐成为激光焊接的一个新兴的、充满希望的应用领域。伴随着塑料材料和激光设备方面的进步，凭借着激光焊接的优异特性，激光塑料焊接技术作为一种连接塑料制品的专门方法在越来越多的应用领域得到了的认可，例如在医学领域，激光塑料焊接技术可用于制造微流体器件、液体过滤器材、软管连接头和液体储槽等有严格洁净要求的塑料制品；在汽车工业中，可用于制造车灯、发动机传感器、液压油箱、燃油喷嘴和进气管光歧管等；在光学和电子领域，可用于制造光学传感器、电子元件外壳和塑料生物芯片等连接敏感性塑料制品(含有线路板)；在服装工业中，可用于防水纤维的焊接；在包装领域，可用于塑料薄膜的焊接。
塑料激光焊接一般采用透射焊接原理，利用近红外线激光(波长810nm～1064nm)作为两件叠加塑料部件的焊接热源，两件塑料部件中的上层部件相对于红外激光透射率比较高，当激光在其内部传输时基本上没有能量损耗，而下层部件对近红外激光则具有较高的吸收率。进行激光焊接时首先要把两种塑料部件在低压力夹具作用下夹紧在一起，然后通过反射镜、透镜或者光纤组成的光路系统，使激光透射过第一个部件后聚焦于第二个部件表面，近红外线激光被第二部件表面吸收后转化为热能，将两个部件的接触面熔化，形成焊接区，在随后的过程中，熔化的材料凝固形成了焊接接头(焊缝)，这样待焊接的两个部件就被连接在一起完成焊接。
激光透射焊接方法能够获得令人满意的焊接强度，比传统的超声波焊接、振动焊接、热平板焊接等工艺更具成本和性能方面的优势。由于焊缝存在于两层塑料材料的中间，所以焊接件表面具有不被破坏的光洁度，此外，相对常规焊接方法，焊接制品振动应力和热应力非常微小、焊接过程树脂降解少，无污染、并且可以将两种不同的塑料材料焊接在一起。上述的优点使得激光透射焊接塑料材料技术在光学、光电子、精密电子、生物医疗设备制造、食品医药等行业具有很好的应用前景。
但是，在实际的塑料激光焊接过程中，需要焊接在一起的塑料件的接触面并不会绝对平整，所以为了保证获得最大的熔接面积，通常需要对焊件施加一定压力，但压力并不是越大越好，过大的压力会造成塑料熔融体的流失，反而不利于塑料材料间的二次聚合，影响焊接强度。由于不同的塑料材料熔点不同，熔融状态下的流动性也不同，因而激光透射焊接时试样需要的压力也不同，这使得具备压力可调功能的焊接装置不可缺少，但是目前并不存在满足这方面条件的焊接装置。
发明内容
本发明的主要目的在于克服上述现有技术的缺点与不足，提供一种结构简单、合理，可提供合适压力的用于激光透射焊接塑料材料的焊接装置。
本发明的另一目的在于提供由上述装置实现的焊接方法。
为达上述目的，本发明采用如下的技术方案：用于激光透射焊接塑料材料的焊接装置，包括支撑板、激光光源和压力调节机构，所述压力调节机构包括压板机构、导向导轨和驱动机构，所述压板机构与驱动机构连接，且通过导向导轨与支撑板连接；所述压板机构上设有由透光窗口和透光窗体构成的透光窗；被焊接的塑料材料置于支撑板上，且对应地设置在透光窗的下方；激光光源发射激光束穿过透光窗，作用于被焊接的塑料材料，即激光光源通过激光束依次连接透光窗、被焊接的塑料材料。
所述驱动机构包括气缸、电磁阀、调压阀和空气压缩机，所述气缸通过管道与所述空气压缩机连接，且其活塞杆与压板机构连接；所述电磁阀、调压阀依次连接在气缸与所述空气压缩机之间的管道上。
所述调压阀可以改变气缸的工作气压，进而改变被焊接的塑料材料之间的压力，获得符合焊接工艺需要的压力条件。
所述压板机构包括上压板和底板，上压板设置在支撑板的上方，底板设置在支撑板的下方，导向导轨的一端与底板连接，其另一端穿过支撑板与上压板连接；所述上压板设有构成所述透光窗口的通孔，所述通孔内镶嵌有所述透光窗体；所述底板与驱动机构的活塞杆连接。
导向导轨优选为四个，平均分布在支撑板的四角处。
上压板在气缸的活塞杆伸缩动作的带动下，随导向导轨向下运动，对放置于支撑板上的焊接件(被焊接的塑料材料)施加大小可调的压力。
所述透光窗体为由强度高、透光性好的石英玻璃材料制成的窗体，使红外激光可自上而下传输到被焊接的塑料材料的焊接面。
所述支撑板上开设有导柱孔，所述导向导轨与导柱孔活动地配合连接。
在支撑板上设有压力传感器，被焊接的塑料材料放置在压力传感器的上方，当上压板对放置于支撑板上的焊接件(被焊接的塑料材料)施加压力的时候，压力传感器会反应出压力的大小。
在支撑板的前侧壁上连接有压力显示器，可以实时显示出焊接件(被焊接的塑料材料)所受上压板压力的数值，所述压力显示器与压力传感器连接。
所述气缸倒置地安装在底板的上表面，且气缸的气缸底座通过螺丝与支撑板的下表面连接在一起。
该装置还包括有底座，所述底座设置在底板的下方，并与支撑板连接。
由上述用于激光透射焊接塑料材料的焊接装置实现的焊接方法，包括如下步骤：
(1)开启调压阀，电磁阀接通电源，通过电磁阀开关控制电磁阀实现气路反向导通，空气压缩机向气缸提供反向气压，以使气缸的活塞杆缩回，活塞杆依次带动底板、上压板随导向导轨向上运动，当上压板处于最高点时，将被焊接的塑料材料置于支撑板上，并对应地放在透光窗的下方；
(2)通过电磁阀开关控制电磁阀实现气路正向导通，空气压缩机向气缸提供正向气压，气缸的活塞杆伸出，活塞杆依次带动底板、上压板随导向导轨向下运动，上压板接触被焊接的塑料材料并对其施加压力，设置在支撑板上的压力传感器采集压力信号，并将所采集的压力信号发送至压力显示器，压力显示器实时显示其压力值；同时，通过调节调压阀，实时改变被焊接的塑料材料受到的压力大小，直至压力显示器上显示的压力值达到被焊接的塑料材料的焊接压力大小，所述被焊接的塑料材料的焊接压力大小优选为165N～1154N；
(3)激光光源通过透光窗向被焊接的塑料材料发射激光束，激光束透过被焊接的塑料材料的上层塑料材料，并聚焦于上下两层塑料材料的接触面上；外部的作用力驱使激光束在所述接触面上发生相对运动，并在所述接触面上形成焊缝，从而实现塑料材料的焊接；
(4)完成焊接后，通过电磁阀开关控制电磁阀实现气路反向导通，以使气缸的活塞杆缩回，活塞杆依次带动底板、上压板随导向导轨向上运动，上压板解除对被焊接的塑料材料的压力，将焊接成型的塑料材料取出，完成加工。
所述激光束为810nm～1064nm波段的近红外线激光束，优选为810nm～1064nm波段的光纤激光束、半导体激光束或者Nd:YAG激光束(即钇铝石榴石晶体激光束)。
与现有技术相比，本发明具有如下优点和有益效果：
1、本发明为近红外激光(810nm～1064nm)的塑料材料透射焊接技术提供关键装置，由于被焊接的塑料材料的压力是通过上压板对其施加实现的，通过本装置可以保证焊接过程中每个焊件(被焊接的塑料材料)在空间上的相对位置不发生变动，保证焊缝位置的准确性和可重复性；更重要的是，本发明设有调压阀，激光塑料焊接时本装置所施加的压力大小可通过调压阀进行实时调节，可以使焊接部件获得合适的压力条件，进而更好的发生二次聚合而结合在一起，保证焊接质量和焊接强度。
2、本发明具有结构紧凑、操作简便快捷、实用有效的特点。
附图说明
图1是本发明装置的总体结构示意图。
图2是图1所示支撑板的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例及附图对本发明作进一步详细的描述，但本发明的实施方式不限于此。
实施例1
如图1所示，本用于激光透射焊接塑料材料的焊接装置，包括支撑板4、激光光源、压力调节机构，所述压力调节机构包括压板机构、导向导轨5和驱动机构，所述压板机构与驱动机构连接，且通过导向导轨5与支撑板4连接；所述压板机构上设有由透光窗口和对红外激光高透射的透光窗体构成的透光窗2；被焊接的塑料材料6置于支撑板4上，且对应地设置在透光窗2的下方；激光光源通过激光束1依次连接透光窗2、被焊接的塑料材料6，即发射激光束1穿过透光窗2，作用于被焊接的塑料材料6。
所述驱动机构包括气缸8、电磁阀10、调压阀11和空气压缩机12，所述气缸8通过管道与所述空气压缩机12连接，且其活塞杆与压板机构连接；所述电磁阀10、调压阀11依次连接在气缸8与所述空气压缩机12之间的管道上。
所述调压阀11可以改变气缸8的工作气压，进而改变被焊接的塑料材料6之间的压力，获得符合焊接工艺需要的压力条件。
所述压板机构包括上压板3和底板14，上压板3设置在支撑板4的上方，底板14设置在支撑板4的下方，导向导轨5的一端与底板14连接，其另一端穿过支撑板4与上压板3连接；所述上压板3设有构成所述透光窗口的通孔，所述通孔内镶嵌有所述透光窗体；所述底板14与驱动机构的活塞杆连接。
导向导轨5为四个，平均分布在支撑板4的四角处。
上压板3在气缸8的活塞杆伸缩动作的带动下，随导向导轨5向下运动，对放置于支撑板4上的焊接件(被焊接的塑料材料6)施加大小可调的压力。
所述透光窗体为由强度高、透光性好的石英玻璃材料制成的窗体，使红外激光可自上而下传输到被焊接的塑料材料6的焊接面。
所述支撑板4上开设有导柱孔，所述导向导轨5与导柱孔可上下活动地配合连接。
如图2所示，在支撑板4上设有压力传感器9，被焊接的塑料材料6放置在压力传感器9的上方，当上压板3对放置于支撑板4上的焊接件(被焊接的塑料材料6)施加压力的时候，压力传感器9会反应出压力的大小。
在支撑板4的前侧壁上连接有压力显示器7，可以实时显示出焊接件(被焊接的塑料材料6)所受上压板3压力的数值，所述压力显示器7与压力传感器9连接。
所述气缸8倒置地安装在底板14的上表面，且气缸8的气缸底座通过螺丝与支撑板4的下表面连接在一起。
该装置还包括有底座13，所述底座13设置在底板14的下方，并与支撑板4连接。
由上述用于激光透射焊接塑料材料的焊接装置实现的焊接方法，包括如下步骤：
(1)开启调压阀11，电磁阀10接通电源，通过电磁阀开关控制电磁阀10实现气路反向导通，空气压缩机12向气缸8提供反向气压，以使气缸8的活塞杆缩回，活塞杆依次带动底板14、上压板3随导向导轨5向上运动，当上压板3处于最高点时，将需要被焊接的塑料材料6置于支撑板4上，并对应地放在透光窗2的下方；
(2)通过电磁阀开关控制电磁阀10实现气路正向导通，空气压缩机12向气缸8提供正向气压，气缸8的活塞杆伸出，活塞杆依次带动底板14、上压板3随导向导轨5向下运动，当上压板3接触到被焊接的塑料材料6后，对其施加压力，此时，设置在支撑板4上的压力传感器9会对压力有所反映，采集其感受到的压力信号，并将所采集的压力信号发送至压力显示器，在压力显示器7上实时显示出压力的大小，通过调节调压阀11，实时改变被焊接的塑料材料受到的压力大小，直至压力显示器上显示的压力值达到被焊接的塑料材料6的合适的焊接压力参数(压力大小为165N～1154N)；
(3)激光光源通过透光窗2向被焊接的塑料材料6发射激光束1，激光束1透过被焊接的塑料材料6的上层塑料材料，并聚焦于上下两层塑料材料的接触面上；激光束1在外部作用力下(即通过振镜扫描或者机械运动的方式)，在塑料材料焊接所在平面上(即所述接触面上)发生位置相对运动时，并在两层塑料材料的接触面上形成焊缝，从而实现塑料材料的焊接；
(4)完成焊接后，通过电磁阀开关控制电磁阀10实现气路反向导通，以使气缸8的活塞杆缩回，活塞杆依次带动底板14、上压板3随导向导轨5向上运动，上压板3解除对被焊接的塑料材料6的压力，此时将焊接成型的塑料材料取出，完成加工。
本实施例中采用的激光束1为1064nm的近红外光纤激光束，激光束1透过上层塑料材料聚焦于上下两层塑料材料的接触面上，当通过振镜扫描或者机械运动的方式使激光束1在塑料焊接所在平面发生位置相对运动时，会在两层塑料材料的接触面上形成焊缝，从而实现塑料材料的激光透射焊接过程。
实施例2
本实施例除下述特征外其他结构特征同实施例1：激光束1为1064nm波段的近红外半导体激光束。
实施例3
本实施例除下述特征外其他结构特征同实施例1：激光束1为980nm波段的近红外半导体激光束。
实施例4
本实施例除下述特征外其他结构特征同实施例1：激光束1为810nm波段的近红外半导体激光光束。
实施例5
本实施例除下述特征外其他结构特征同实施例1：激光束1为1064nm波段的近红外Nd:YAG激光束(即近红外钇铝石榴石晶体激光束)。
上述实施例为本发明较佳的实施方式，但本发明的实施方式并不受上述实施例的限制，其他的任何未背离本发明的精神实质与原理下所作的改变、修饰、替代、组合、简化，均应为等效的置换方式，都包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (10)

1.用于激光透射焊接塑料材料的焊接装置，包括支撑板和激光光源，其特征在于：还包括压力调节机构，所述压力调节机构包括压板机构、导向导轨和驱动机构，所述压板机构与驱动机构连接，且通过导向导轨与支撑板连接；所述压板机构上设有由透光窗口和透光窗体构成的透光窗；被焊接的塑料材料置于支撑板上，且对应地设置在透光窗的下方；激光光源通过激光束依次连接透光窗、被焊接的塑料材料。
2.根据权利要求1述的用于激光透射焊接塑料材料的焊接装置，其特征在于：所述驱动机构包括气缸、电磁阀、调压阀和空气压缩机，所述气缸通过管道与所述空气压缩机连接，且其活塞杆与压板机构连接；所述电磁阀、调压阀依次连接在气缸与所述空气压缩机之间的管道上。
3.根据权利要求2所述的用于激光透射焊接塑料材料的焊接装置，其特征在于：所述压板机构包括上压板和底板，上压板设置在支撑板的上方，底板设置在支撑板的下方，导向导轨的一端与底板连接，其另一端穿过支撑板与上压板连接；所述上压板设有构成所述透光窗口的通孔，所述通孔内镶嵌有所述透光窗体；所述底板与驱动机构的活塞杆连接。
4.根据权利要求3所述的用于激光透射焊接塑料材料的焊接装置，其特征在于：所述透光窗体为由石英玻璃材料制成的窗体。
5.根据权利要求3所述的用于激光透射焊接塑料材料的焊接装置，其特征在于：所述支撑板上开设有导柱孔，所述导向导轨与导柱孔活动地配合连接。
6.根据权利要求3所述的用于激光透射焊接塑料材料的焊接装置，其特征在于：在支撑板上设有压力传感器，被焊接的塑料材料放置在压力传感器的上方；
在支撑板的前侧壁上连接有压力显示器，所述压力显示器与压力传感器连接。
7.根据权利要求3所述的用于激光透射焊接塑料材料的焊接装置，其特征在于：所述气缸倒置地安装在底板的上表面，且气缸的气缸底座通过螺丝与支撑板连接在一起。
8.根据权利要求3所述的用于激光透射焊接塑料材料的焊接装置，其特征在于：该装置还包括有底座，所述底座设置在底板的下方，并与支撑板连接。
9.由权利要求6所述用于激光透射焊接塑料材料的焊接装置实现的焊接方法，其特征在于，包括如下步骤：
(1)开启调压阀，电磁阀接通电源，通过电磁阀开关控制电磁阀实现气路反向导通，空气压缩机向气缸提供反向气压，以使气缸的活塞杆缩回，活塞杆依次带动底板、上压板随导向导轨向上运动，当上压板处于最高点时，将被焊接的塑料材料置于支撑板上，并对应地放在透光窗的下方；
(2)通过电磁阀开关控制电磁阀实现气路正向导通，空气压缩机向气缸提供正向气压，气缸的活塞杆伸出，活塞杆依次带动底板、上压板随导向导轨向下运动，上压板接触被焊接的塑料材料并对其施加压力，设置在支撑板上的压力传感器采集压力信号，并将所采集的压力信号发送至压力显示器，压力显示器实时显示其压力值；同时，通过调节调压阀，实时改变被焊接的塑料材料受到的压力大小，直至压力显示器上显示的压力值达到被焊接的塑料材料的焊接压力大小；
(3)激光光源通过透光窗向被焊接的塑料材料发射激光束，激光束透过被焊接的塑料材料的上层塑料材料，并聚焦于上下两层塑料材料的接触面上；外部的作用力驱使激光束在所述接触面上发生相对运动，并在所述接触面上形成焊缝，从而实现塑料材料的焊接；
(4)完成焊接后，通过电磁阀开关控制电磁阀实现气路反向导通，以使气缸的活塞杆缩回，活塞杆依次带动底板、上压板随导向导轨向上运动，上压板解除对被焊接的塑料材料的压力，将焊接成型的塑料材料取出，完成加工。
10.根据权利要求9所述由用于激光透射焊接塑料材料的焊接装置实现的焊接方法，其特征在于：所述激光束为810nm～1064nm波段的近红外线激光束。
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CN104385577A (zh) * 2014-09-25 2015-03-04 江苏大学 一种可实现任意曲面焊接的激光透射焊接夹紧装置
CN104385578A (zh) * 2014-09-25 2015-03-04 江苏大学 一种高效率激光透射连接夹紧装置
CN104626542A (zh) * 2014-12-25 2015-05-20 清华大学 激光焊接机及抑制塑料与金属焊接时产生缩孔的加压装置
CN106964525A (zh) * 2017-04-26 2017-07-21 广东顺德华焯机械科技有限公司 一种透光塑料激光焊接吸收剂涂敷装置
CN107379560A (zh) * 2017-07-28 2017-11-24 江苏大学 一种新型的塑料焊接装置及其方法
CN107433389A (zh) * 2017-08-22 2017-12-05 广东工业大学 一种金属与塑料混合薄壁结构连接装置和连接方法
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CN110789131A (zh) * 2019-11-13 2020-02-14 南京航空航天大学 一种用于热塑性复合材料与轻质合金激光连接的可控渐进加载装夹设备和方法
CN112525863A (zh) * 2020-10-13 2021-03-19 温州市质量技术检测科学研究院 一种塑料激光透射率检测装备
CN112548435A (zh) * 2020-11-17 2021-03-26 东风汽车集团有限公司 一种燃料电池双极板激光焊接的夹具

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CN104385578B (zh) * 2014-09-25 2017-01-18 江苏大学 一种激光透射连接夹紧装置
CN104385577A (zh) * 2014-09-25 2015-03-04 江苏大学 一种可实现任意曲面焊接的激光透射焊接夹紧装置
CN104385578A (zh) * 2014-09-25 2015-03-04 江苏大学 一种高效率激光透射连接夹紧装置
CN104339649A (zh) * 2014-09-25 2015-02-11 江苏大学 一种压板式激光透射焊接夹紧装置
CN104626542B (zh) * 2014-12-25 2017-08-11 清华大学 激光焊接机及抑制塑料与金属焊接时产生缩孔的加压装置
CN104626542A (zh) * 2014-12-25 2015-05-20 清华大学 激光焊接机及抑制塑料与金属焊接时产生缩孔的加压装置
CN106964525A (zh) * 2017-04-26 2017-07-21 广东顺德华焯机械科技有限公司 一种透光塑料激光焊接吸收剂涂敷装置
CN107379560A (zh) * 2017-07-28 2017-11-24 江苏大学 一种新型的塑料焊接装置及其方法
CN107379560B (zh) * 2017-07-28 2019-05-31 江苏大学 一种塑料焊接装置及其方法
CN107433389A (zh) * 2017-08-22 2017-12-05 广东工业大学 一种金属与塑料混合薄壁结构连接装置和连接方法
CN107584770A (zh) * 2017-09-28 2018-01-16 广东顺德华焯机械科技有限公司 一种多工位塑料激光焊接玻璃压料设备
CN110789131A (zh) * 2019-11-13 2020-02-14 南京航空航天大学 一种用于热塑性复合材料与轻质合金激光连接的可控渐进加载装夹设备和方法
CN110789131B (zh) * 2019-11-13 2021-09-24 南京航空航天大学 一种用于热塑性复合材料与轻质合金激光连接的可控渐进加载装夹设备和方法
CN112525863A (zh) * 2020-10-13 2021-03-19 温州市质量技术检测科学研究院 一种塑料激光透射率检测装备
CN112548435A (zh) * 2020-11-17 2021-03-26 东风汽车集团有限公司 一种燃料电池双极板激光焊接的夹具

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