CN102187087A - 用于捕获波浪能的平台 - Google Patents

用于捕获波浪能的平台 Download PDF

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CN102187087A
CN102187087A CN2009801406522A CN200980140652A CN102187087A CN 102187087 A CN102187087 A CN 102187087A CN 2009801406522 A CN2009801406522 A CN 2009801406522A CN 200980140652 A CN200980140652 A CN 200980140652A CN 102187087 A CN102187087 A CN 102187087A
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菲利克斯·梅尔洛·冈萨雷斯
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03BMACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B13/00Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates
    • F03B13/12Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy
    • F03B13/14Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy
    • F03B13/16Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy using the relative movement between a wave-operated member, i.e. a "wom" and another member, i.e. a reaction member or "rem"
    • F03B13/18Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy using the relative movement between a wave-operated member, i.e. a "wom" and another member, i.e. a reaction member or "rem" where the other member, i.e. rem is fixed, at least at one point, with respect to the sea bed or shore
    • F03B13/1805Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy using the relative movement between a wave-operated member, i.e. a "wom" and another member, i.e. a reaction member or "rem" where the other member, i.e. rem is fixed, at least at one point, with respect to the sea bed or shore and the wom is hinged to the rem
    • F03B13/181Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy using the relative movement between a wave-operated member, i.e. a "wom" and another member, i.e. a reaction member or "rem" where the other member, i.e. rem is fixed, at least at one point, with respect to the sea bed or shore and the wom is hinged to the rem for limited rotation
    • F03B13/1815Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy using the relative movement between a wave-operated member, i.e. a "wom" and another member, i.e. a reaction member or "rem" where the other member, i.e. rem is fixed, at least at one point, with respect to the sea bed or shore and the wom is hinged to the rem for limited rotation with an up-and-down movement
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03BMACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B13/00Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates
    • F03B13/12Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy
    • F03B13/14Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy
    • F03B13/16Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy using the relative movement between a wave-operated member, i.e. a "wom" and another member, i.e. a reaction member or "rem"
    • F03B13/18Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy using the relative movement between a wave-operated member, i.e. a "wom" and another member, i.e. a reaction member or "rem" where the other member, i.e. rem is fixed, at least at one point, with respect to the sea bed or shore
    • F03B13/1845Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy using the relative movement between a wave-operated member, i.e. a "wom" and another member, i.e. a reaction member or "rem" where the other member, i.e. rem is fixed, at least at one point, with respect to the sea bed or shore and the wom slides relative to the rem
    • F03B13/185Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy using the relative movement between a wave-operated member, i.e. a "wom" and another member, i.e. a reaction member or "rem" where the other member, i.e. rem is fixed, at least at one point, with respect to the sea bed or shore and the wom slides relative to the rem not vertically
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05BINDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2240/00Components
    • F05B2240/40Use of a multiplicity of similar components
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05BINDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2240/00Components
    • F05B2240/90Mounting on supporting structures or systems
    • F05B2240/93Mounting on supporting structures or systems on a structure floating on a liquid surface
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05BINDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2240/00Components
    • F05B2240/90Mounting on supporting structures or systems
    • F05B2240/95Mounting on supporting structures or systems offshore
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/30Energy from the sea, e.g. using wave energy or salinity gradient

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种适于在深水和超深水中捕获波浪能的平台,包括通过具有流体力学外形的支柱(3)支撑在浸没在水中的船体(2)上的覆盖层(1),所述支柱(3)沿平台侧面分布。平台的平面图是“V”形的,且平台自定向,使得波前垂直于平台的对称面向前运动。通过各个捕获模块(4)吸收波浪能,捕获模块(4)位于沿平台侧面分布的支柱(3)之间并随着波浪的向前运动而开始逐渐与波浪接触,从而可能将波浪的周期性运动转换成连续运动。使用大压载物(8)稳定平台,压载物(8)通过锚泊缆绳(9)连接到枢轴(10)的下端,使得平台随时自动地正确定位自己。

Description

用于捕获波浪能的平台
技术领域
本发明涉及可再生能量,尤其涉及波浪能。
背景技术
使用海洋作为无污染能源并非最近的想法。来自涌浪的能量因其在全世界广泛分布而最具潜力,而且它对环境的影响较低且具有较高的预测储量。
日本、印度、挪威、美国、英国、爱尔兰和葡萄牙这些国家正在开发装置以用于从波浪提取能量。现有广泛的供选方案,其中一些已有操作样机。
能将试验上必须考虑的设计分为两类:固定在海岸上的装置和漂浮的装置,漂浮的装置用于捕获海面上的波浪能。以下必须指出的是用于从涌浪转换能量的概念:
振荡水柱:这是一种部分浸没的堆叠(stack),在其基底渗入波浪的位置处具有开口。由于水柱位于堆叠内部,使得堆叠可以向上运动和向下运动。当水位升高时,空气受迫穿过涡轮机,且当返回时吸入的空气再次激活涡轮机。即使有漂浮式的,它们通常还是安装在海岸上。
灌注系统:这些系统收集撞击的波浪以运行一个或多个涡轮机。通过将波浪流入水池而将波浪集中在一起,存储的水从该水池进入涡轮机。需要大的波浪来产生溢出。已有漂浮式和海岸式。
漂浮吸收器:使用波浪的振荡运动,通过机械的或液压的手段进行转换。
该组包含有通过多个枢接的漂浮单元形成的装置,所述漂浮单元负责将波浪的运动转换成电能。接合处设有液压泵。在向前和向后运动的作用下使得接合处弯曲且液压泵开始运行,以高压发送流体至水轮发电机。
其它方法是基于对能量的利用,所述能量来自通过浮标的波浪的垂直振荡,所述浮标在内部安装有液压泵的结构上向上和向下运动。水采用该运动进入和离开泵并驱动发电机。
摆体系统:是适合于安装在防波堤中的装置,包含面向海洋的腔体,并设有在其上部枢接的刚性钢板,所述钢板能在波浪的作用下轻微摆动。在腔体内部进行固定的梳刷以移动该钢板,钢板的摆动通过液压或气动机构传输和吸收。
深海处的波浪能密度比海岸处的高出两倍以上,然而大部分用于利用波浪能的设计都位于海岸处或接近海岸,因而产生较低的输出。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于针对以上所描述的问题提供一种合适的方案。
本发明涉及一种用于捕获波浪能的平台,以下简称为平台,所述平台是半浸没在水中的且合适于在深水和超深水中运行,包括至少一个支撑在船体上的覆盖层。能被灌入水以获得合适的运行高度的船体浸没在水中,使得即使在与强涌浪工作时也能更好地稳定住。
平面图为“V”形(或三角翼形)的平台是自定向的,使得波前垂直于它的对称面向前运动。因此波浪逐渐且同时撞击平台每一侧上的一小区域(与平台的大小相比),与他们一起移动直至溢出,这明显简化了平台的稳定系统。
通过沿平台每一侧均匀分布的各个捕获模块吸收波浪能。采用这种设置,每一侧的捕获模块随着波浪向前移动而逐步开始与波浪进行接触,这有可能将波浪的周期性运动转换成连续运动。
捕获的能量被转换成可用的能量,通常为电能。其它选项是:海水淡化、氢生成等。
使用流体作为传输单元或两种方法的结合来机械地完成能量从每个捕获模块到发动机或另一种类型装置的传输。
能将发电机连接到同一个基底装置上以汇总它们产生的电量。还可能依据所要求的目的将其它能量接收装置相互连接。
使用锚固系统稳定平台,所述锚固系统包括大的压载物,通过锚泊缆绳连接到其枢轴的下端,这使得平台随时自动地正确定位自己。
附图说明
为了更好地理解本规范,将附上多个图,所述附图中将本发明的实际实施例作为示例进行了描述。
图1描述了包括平台基本单元的设计的透视图;
图2示出了捕获模块的示例,包括捕获模块在平台中的位置、构成捕获模块的部件和用于传递能量至枢接的传输轴的机构,其中该传输轴对于平台同一侧上的所有捕获模块是共用的;
图3是平台右侧上联合捕获、传输和产生系统所包括的单元的平面图。
具体实施方式
所讨论的平台包括覆盖层1,通过沿每侧均匀分布的支柱3支撑在浸没在水中的船体2之上,所述支柱3具有流体力学外形,依据波浪向前运动的方向确定方向。
由两个相邻的支柱3形成的通道接通外界与平台内部区域,使得水可以在两者之间流动。
平台自身定向,使得波浪垂直于其对称面对着它前向运动。采用这种安装,当每个波浪到达平台时,由波浪撞到的支柱3将波浪击破,粉碎的部分波浪渗入所提及的生成的通道中。
波浪能被设置在平台每一侧的支柱3之间的各个捕获模块4所吸收。将由同一侧上的捕获模块4吸收的能量传递至对应的枢接的传输轴15。每一侧上都有枢接的传输轴15,所述传输轴15包括接收轮14、传输杆16和万向节17,所述万向节17将接收轮14的轴与传输杆16相连接。
捕获模块4包括浮子5,在其上部与轴6枢接以便在涌浪的方向上运动。
将捕获模块4封装到由每两个支柱3所横向界定出的腔体中通道内的波浪进口区域中,且在其下部通过斜坡件7刚性连接至支柱3。采用这种安装,强迫渗入每个通道的部分波浪与对应的捕获模块4相互作用而同时产生动能和势能。
斜坡件7的高度是可变的,高度越大,给定波浪大小下有更多能量易于被捕获。不过,所述高度应使得捕获模块4所处的腔体内的水在随后的波浪部分开始进入所述腔体时已被排出。为此,斜坡件7必须使得在特定大小下有更多的波浪部分跨过它,也使得所述腔体朝着平台的内部区域排水。所有这些表面需要依据波浪的大小建立一定范围内斜坡件7的高度。
由每个捕获模块4吸收的能量通过齿圈11传递至活动小齿轮12,后者进而通过小齿轮13的传输啮合将能量传递至枢接传输轴15的与捕获模块4的对应的接收轮14。
同一侧上的多个捕获模块4随时向它们的枢接传输轴15提供能量,传输轴15最后将能量传递至一个或多个发电机19。因为枢接传输轴15的转动速度必然是很低的,所以发电机通过加速齿轮18接收能量。
在捕获能量时浮子向上运动的过程中,小齿轮12不工作,但是会在向下运动阶段的过程中被激活。水被排出时,浮子5向下运动但具有一定延迟,因为在该阶段,小齿轮12是激活的并可防止自由下落。因此,浮子5以悬浮状态运动,而同时吸收的能量被传递至枢接传输轴15。通过这个过程,浮子5的向上和向下运动被转换成转动。
当波浪的周期与形成其的浮子5的周期相符合时,每一侧上的连接机制的性能达到最大。然而,鉴于波浪的周期是变化的,解决方案是基于在每种情况下将浮子5的周期与波浪的周期相适应。浮子5的浸没体积可以针对给定的运行条件进行调节。一旦固定了浮子5的浸没体积,能通过调节转矩来调节浮子5的周期。这通过激活或解除激活所涉及的一侧上的发电机19来实现。
由于它们相对于波前成一定角度设置,两排捕获模块4随着波浪的向前运动而逐渐被激活,从而提供枢接传输轴15的连续转动。这将低频运动转换成产生电能所必需的更高频率的运动。
通过枢接传输轴15消除了不必要的应力,从而有可能以变化的角度工作而不会影响到该机构的性能。
为了确保运动的连续性,平台在波浪传播方向上的长度必须大于该位置处最长波浪的波长。因此波浪在前面的波浪流过平台之前到达平台。
通过锚固系统稳定平台,所述锚固系统包括两个大的压载物8,通过锚泊缆绳9连接到枢轴10的下端。
该系统简化为采用了两个压载物8。另外,该情况中不需要平台如石油钻井平台一样在海洋表面上保持较小的半径公差。然而,平台的位置并不是决定因素,半径公差能更大。因此,平台的运动被限制在其大小与已安装的压载系统的刚性有关的区域内。任何情况中,所建立的半径公差内的这些运动不会在整体上负面影响平台的运行。静止时,锚泊缆绳9和枢轴10理论上在一个垂直平面内。
当平台定向在涌浪的方向上时,后者在平台的两侧上都施加相似的推力,由此平台将一直保持在该位置。在涌浪方向发生改变的情况中,波浪在平台两侧上的水平推力的差异将产生动量,使得平台绕枢轴10转动至新的平衡位置,在该平衡位置,平台被正确定向。通过压载系统防止枢轴10绕自身转动。电力线20也不能转动,因为它是刚性连接到上述枢轴10的。
还可以考虑设置互补动态定位系统,提供雷达、声纳和计算机操作的螺旋桨,用于在紧急情况中帮助正确定位平台。
必须铭记的是,平台的长度要大于该位置处最长波浪的波长。一种适合的几何形状是长度近似为宽度的一半。相应地,对于该处波浪的波长为150米的位置,生产的平台的实际大小可以是长度为160米,宽度为320米。
平台产生的波浪能与位置和平台的大小有关。波浪能依据考虑的面积变化,对于给定面积,宽度越大,平台产生的能量越多。宽度与使用的波前长度相符合。平台产生的理论波浪能是宽度(单位为米)与波前每米内的平均能量相乘的结果。当波浪具有60kW/m的平均能量(许多欧洲大西洋海岸)和具有以上章节所描述的类似条件时(平台的宽度为320米),能产生的理论波浪能的大小为19.2MW。
设置在一区域内的一组单元能共享控制单元、传输系统和转换装置。
基于前述的和通过查看附图,可以看出所述平台提供了相对于具有相似目的的其它已有装置的优点。
首先,提供了在远离海岸的深水和超深水中安装波浪能捕获模块的可能,上述位置处的波浪条件更加优良,因此生产能力与占用表面之比要大得多。离岸还意味着更大的环境优势。
远离海岸,即有充足的空间,平台的位置不会受到大多数能源工厂所遭受的条件限制,可位于对于运行更有利的位置。
另外,因为平台不是永久性地固定在海洋底部,因此是移动能源。如有需要,能将它们脱离并牵引至新的位置处。
能由两个不同的捕获系统共享漂浮结构的事实也是一个巨大的优势,因为由于它的大尺寸,在它上面安装风力发电机是绝对可行的,除了其它的益处,这将帮助解决风能领域中感兴趣的一个课题,即这些工厂的离岸安装有胜过安装在陆地上、海岸上或靠近海岸的风能发电机的多个优势。

Claims (3)

1.一种用于捕获波浪能的平台,其特征在于,所述平台的平面图是“V”形或三角翼形的,所述平台自定向以使波前垂直于它的对称面向前运动,所述平台包括:至少一个覆盖层(1),通过具有流体力学外形以依据波浪向前运动的方向定向的支柱(3)支撑在浸没在水中的船体(2)上,所述支柱(3)沿所述平台的侧面分布以形成接通外界与所述平台内部区域的通道,从而在波浪的向前运动中逐渐将波浪粉碎成多个部分以渗入各个通道中;波浪能捕获模块(4),每一个波浪能捕获模块(4)包括浮子(5),所述浮子(5)在其上部枢接到轴(6)以允许在涌浪的方向上运动,每一捕获模块(4)被封装到由两个支柱(3)所横向界定出的腔体中通道内的波浪进口区域中,且在其下部通过斜坡件(7)形式的结构固定至所述支柱(3),从而强迫渗入每个通道的波浪部分与对应的捕获模块(4)相互作用,所述捕获模块(4)吸收波浪的动能和势能,然后通过齿圈(11)传递至活动小齿轮(12),并由所述活动小齿轮(12)通过单方向上的转动进行传输;锚固系统,包括压载物(8),所述压载物(8)通过锚泊缆绳(9)连接到枢轴(10)的下端,使得所述平台随时自动地正确定位自己。
2.根据权利要求1所述的用于捕获波浪能的平台,其特征在于,每个所述活动小齿轮(12)通过小齿轮(13)的传输啮合将能量传递至枢接的传输轴(15)的各个接收轮(14),所述枢接的传输轴(15)为同一侧上的所有捕获模块(4)所共用,所述传输轴(15)包括接收轮(14)、传输杆(16)和万向节(17),所述万向节(17)将接收轮(14)的轴与传输杆(16)相连接。
3.根据权利要求2所述的用于捕获波浪能的平台,其特征在于,所述枢接的传输轴(15)将其一侧上的捕获模块(4)提供的能量通过加速齿轮(18)传递至一个或多个发电机(19)。
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