CN102185514B - Single-phase three-level inverter - Google Patents
Single-phase three-level inverter Download PDFInfo
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- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M7/00—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output; Conversion of DC power input into AC power output
- H02M7/42—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal
- H02M7/44—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
- H02M7/48—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M7/483—Converters with outputs that each can have more than two voltages levels
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/0095—Hybrid converter topologies, e.g. NPC mixed with flying capacitor, thyristor converter mixed with MMC or charge pump mixed with buck
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/12—Arrangements for reducing harmonics from AC input or output
- H02M1/123—Suppression of common mode voltage or current
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M7/00—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output; Conversion of DC power input into AC power output
- H02M7/42—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal
- H02M7/44—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
- H02M7/48—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M7/483—Converters with outputs that each can have more than two voltages levels
- H02M7/487—Neutral point clamped inverters
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种单相三电平逆变器,包括输入电容,六个功率开关,两个续流二极管以及单相输出滤波器。本发明利用六个功率开关以及续流二极管协调进行开关动作,使得逆变器输出电压为零电平时,逆变器输出交流侧和输入直流侧处于解耦状态,从而确保了逆变器输出电压在实现三电平的同时,其共模电压维持为一个常量,进而完全消除了共模电流;本发明电路不存在功率开关器件寄生电容导致的电容电压不平衡问题,因此不会破坏无漏电流工作机制,且控制方式简单;本发明电路且死区工作机制可靠,电路工作稳定性高。本发明采用单极性脉冲宽度调制方式,逆变器的输出电流纹波小,滤波电感上产生的铜损和磁损小,输出电能质量高。
The invention discloses a single-phase three-level inverter, which includes an input capacitor, six power switches, two freewheeling diodes and a single-phase output filter. The present invention uses six power switches and freewheeling diodes to coordinate switching actions, so that when the output voltage of the inverter is at zero level, the output AC side and the input DC side of the inverter are in a decoupling state, thereby ensuring the output voltage of the inverter While realizing the three-level, its common-mode voltage is maintained as a constant, thereby completely eliminating the common-mode current; the circuit of the present invention does not have the capacitor voltage imbalance problem caused by the parasitic capacitance of the power switching device, so it will not damage the non-leakage current The working mechanism is simple, and the control method is simple; the circuit of the present invention has a reliable dead zone working mechanism and high circuit working stability. The invention adopts the unipolar pulse width modulation mode, the output current ripple of the inverter is small, the copper loss and magnetic loss generated on the filter inductance are small, and the output power quality is high.
Description
技术领域 technical field
本发明涉及电力电子技术直流-交流变换器领域的一种逆变器,尤其是涉及一种单相三电平无变压器型逆变器。The invention relates to an inverter in the field of DC-AC converters of power electronics technology, in particular to a single-phase three-level transformerless inverter.
背景技术 Background technique
随着世界能源短缺和环境污染问题的日益严重,能源和环境已经成为二十一世纪人类所面临的最重大问题之一,清洁的可再生能源的发展和应用越来越受到世界各国的广泛关注。大量的可再生能源发出的都是直流电,需要通过逆变器把它变换成工频交流电才能大量应用。因此,逆变技术在可再生能源的开发和利用领域有着至关重要的作用。As the world's energy shortage and environmental pollution become increasingly serious, energy and the environment have become one of the most important issues facing mankind in the 21st century. The development and application of clean and renewable energy has attracted more and more attention from countries all over the world. . A large number of renewable energy sources are direct current, which needs to be converted into industrial frequency alternating current through an inverter before it can be used in large quantities. Therefore, inverter technology plays a vital role in the development and utilization of renewable energy.
逆变器是指通过半导体功率开关器件的开通和关断作用,把直流电能转换为交流电能的一种电力电子变换器。早期的逆变电路通常为方波电路,由于脉冲宽度调制(PWM)技术在电力电子中的成功应用,发展产生了兼具调压变频功能的PWM逆变电路。常见的采用PWM调制的逆变器电路拓扑包括全桥电路,半桥电路,半桥中点箝位电路以及各种多电平电路等。Inverter refers to a power electronic converter that converts DC power into AC power by turning on and off semiconductor power switching devices. The early inverter circuit was usually a square wave circuit. Due to the successful application of pulse width modulation (PWM) technology in power electronics, a PWM inverter circuit with the function of voltage regulation and frequency conversion has been developed. Common inverter circuit topologies using PWM modulation include full-bridge circuits, half-bridge circuits, half-bridge mid-point clamp circuits, and various multi-level circuits.
按照输出电平的不同,可以将PWM逆变电路系统分为两电平电路、三电平电路以及多电平电路。两电平电路是指在PWM调制控制方式下,每个主电路开关周期内输出电压波形都会出现正负两种极性的电平,与传统的方波逆变或者移相调压全桥逆变电路相比,两电平逆变电路输出电压调节方便,输出谐波性能较好。三电平电路是指每个开关周期内逆变器输出电压只有零点平和一个正或负电平,与两电平电路相比,三电平逆变电路输出电压和电流谐波性能上表现更好,同时由于每个开关周期逆变输出电压的变化是两电平电路的一半,因此其输出滤波器的参数将明显减小,使整个电路装置的体积和重量也明显减小。多电平电路则主要应用于高压大功率场合,由于功率开关器件的电压阻断能力和电流输出能力有限,运用功率器件串并联扩容扩压等方式的多电平电路运用在高压大功率场合就比较适合。According to different output levels, the PWM inverter circuit system can be divided into two-level circuits, three-level circuits and multi-level circuits. The two-level circuit means that under the PWM modulation control mode, the output voltage waveform will have positive and negative polarity levels in each switching cycle of the main circuit, which is different from the traditional square wave inverter or phase-shift voltage regulation full-bridge inverter. Compared with the inverter circuit, the output voltage of the two-level inverter circuit is easy to adjust, and the output harmonic performance is better. The three-level circuit means that the output voltage of the inverter has only zero point and one positive or negative level in each switching cycle. Compared with the two-level circuit, the output voltage and current harmonic performance of the three-level inverter circuit are better. , and because the change of the inverter output voltage in each switching cycle is half of that of the two-level circuit, the parameters of the output filter will be significantly reduced, so that the volume and weight of the entire circuit device will also be significantly reduced. Multi-level circuits are mainly used in high-voltage and high-power occasions. Due to the limited voltage blocking capability and current output capability of power switching devices, multi-level circuits that use power devices in series and parallel to expand capacity and expand voltage are used in high-voltage and high-power applications. more suitable.
根据逆变器应用场合和控制方式不同,可以将逆变器系统分为独立型逆变器和并网型逆变器;根据逆变器中变压器配置不同,可以将逆变器系统分为带工频变压器型逆变器,带高频变压器型逆变器和无变压器型逆变器。带工频变压器或高频变压器的逆变器均可以实现升压和隔离的功能,然而,带工频变压器型逆变器体积庞大,重量增加,价格较贵,系统安装不便;带高频变压器型逆变器虽然体积和重量大大减小,但这类逆变器系统往往由多级组成,导致系统结构复杂,系统效率降低。而无变压器型逆变器由于系统结构简单,效率高,体积小,成本低等优点,在世界范围内得到了快速的发展。According to different application occasions and control methods of inverters, inverter systems can be divided into independent inverters and grid-connected inverters; according to different transformer configurations in inverters, inverter systems can be divided into belt-connected inverters. Power frequency transformer type inverter, with high frequency transformer type inverter and transformerless type inverter. Inverters with power frequency transformers or high frequency transformers can realize the functions of boosting and isolation. However, inverters with power frequency transformers are bulky, heavy, expensive, and inconvenient for system installation; Although the size and weight of the type inverter are greatly reduced, this type of inverter system is often composed of multiple stages, resulting in a complex system structure and reduced system efficiency. The non-transformer inverter has been rapidly developed in the world because of its simple system structure, high efficiency, small size, and low cost.
发明内容 Contents of the invention
本发明提供一种结构简单,能够在消除共模电流的同时,采用单极性脉冲宽度调制方式的无变压器型单相三电平逆变器。The invention provides a transformerless single-phase three-level inverter with simple structure, capable of eliminating common mode current and adopting unipolar pulse width modulation mode.
本发明的一种单相三电平逆变器,包括输入电容,第一功率开关,第二功率开关,第三功率开关,第四功率开关,第五功率开关,第六功率开关,第一续流二极管,第二续流二极管以及滤波器;第一功率开关的漏极、第三功率开关的漏极、输入电容的正端与输入直流端的正极相连;第一功率开关的源极、第二功率开关的漏极、第一续流二极管的阳极、第二续流二极管的阴极与滤波器的第一输入端相连;第二功率开关的源极、第六功率开关的源极、输入电容的负端与输入直流端的负极相连;第三功率开关的源极、第一续流二极管的阴极与第四功率开关的漏极相连;第六功率开关的漏极、第二续流二极管的阳极与第五功率开关的源极相连;第四功率开关的源极、第五功率开关的漏极与滤波器的第二输入端相连。A single-phase three-level inverter of the present invention includes an input capacitor, a first power switch, a second power switch, a third power switch, a fourth power switch, a fifth power switch, a sixth power switch, a first A freewheeling diode, a second freewheeling diode and a filter; the drain of the first power switch, the drain of the third power switch, and the positive terminal of the input capacitor are connected to the positive terminal of the input DC terminal; the source of the first power switch, the second The drain of the second power switch, the anode of the first freewheeling diode, and the cathode of the second freewheeling diode are connected to the first input terminal of the filter; the source of the second power switch, the source of the sixth power switch, and the input capacitor The negative terminal of the input DC terminal is connected to the negative terminal; the source of the third power switch and the cathode of the first freewheeling diode are connected to the drain of the fourth power switch; the drain of the sixth power switch is connected to the anode of the second freewheeling diode It is connected with the source of the fifth power switch; the source of the fourth power switch and the drain of the fifth power switch are connected with the second input terminal of the filter.
所述的第一功率开关由第一开关晶体管和第一反并二极管并联组成,第二功率开关由第二开关晶体管和第二反并二极管并联组成,第三功率开关由第三开关晶体管和第三反并二极管并联组成,第四功率开关由第四开关晶体管和第四反并二极管并联组成,第五功率开关由第五开关晶体管和第五反并二极管并联组成,第六功率开关由第六开关晶体管和第六反并二极管并联组成;开关晶体管与反并二极管的并联方式为:开关晶体管的漏极或集电极与反并二极管的阴极相连构成功率开关的漏极,开关晶体管的源极或发射极与反并二极管的阳极相连构成功率开关的源极。The first power switch is composed of a first switching transistor and a first anti-parallel diode in parallel, the second power switch is composed of a second switching transistor and a second anti-parallel diode in parallel, and the third power switch is composed of a third switching transistor and a first Three anti-parallel diodes are connected in parallel, the fourth power switch is composed of the fourth switching transistor and the fourth anti-parallel diode in parallel, the fifth power switch is composed of the fifth switching transistor and the fifth anti-parallel diode in parallel, the sixth power switch is composed of the sixth The switch transistor and the sixth anti-parallel diode are connected in parallel; the parallel connection mode of the switch transistor and the anti-parallel diode is as follows: the drain or collector of the switch transistor is connected with the cathode of the anti-parallel diode to form the drain of the power switch, and the source or collector of the switch transistor The emitter is connected with the anode of the anti-parallel diode to form the source of the power switch.
所述的续流二极管为独立二极管,或为自带反并二极管的开关晶体管。The freewheeling diode is an independent diode, or a switching transistor with an antiparallel diode.
所述的输入电容为一个电容或由多个电容串并联构成的电容组合。The input capacitor is a capacitor or a capacitor combination composed of multiple capacitors connected in series and parallel.
所述的滤波器是单电感型滤波器、电感-电容型滤波器或电感-电容-电感型滤波器。The filter is a single inductance filter, an inductance-capacitance filter or an inductance-capacitance-inductance filter.
所述的开关晶体管为高压金属氧化物硅场效应晶体管或者绝缘双极晶体管。The switch transistor is a high voltage metal oxide silicon field effect transistor or an insulated bipolar transistor.
所述的反并二极管为独立二极管或开关晶体管内部自带的二极管。The anti-parallel diode is an independent diode or a built-in diode inside the switching transistor.
本发明的逆变器的调制方式有以下两种,单极性脉冲宽度调制方式1和单极性脉冲宽度调制方式2。The modulation mode of the inverter of the present invention has the following two types, unipolar pulse
在单极性脉冲宽度调制方式1中,第一开关晶体管、第二开关晶体管、第三开关晶体管和第六开关晶体管交替以工频周期(例如50Hz)和高频周期(例如20kHz)进行开关动作。在工频正半周期,第一开关晶体管与第六开关晶体管同步高频动作,第二开关晶体管与第三开关晶体管常闭,第四开关晶体管常闭,第五开关晶体管常开;在工频负半周期,第一开关晶体管与第六开关晶体管常闭,第二开关晶体管与第三开关晶体管同步高频动作,第四开关晶体管常开,第五开关晶体管常闭。In the unipolar pulse
在单极性脉冲宽度调制方式2中,第一开关晶体管、第二开关晶体管、第三开关晶体管、第四开关晶体管、第五开关晶体管和第六开关晶体管交替以工频周期(例如50Hz)和高频周期(例如20kHz)进行开关动作。在工频正半周期,第一开关晶体管与第六开关晶体管同步高频动作,第二开关晶体管与第三开关晶体管常闭,第四开关晶体管与第一开关晶体管互补开通,第五开关晶体管常开;在工频负半周期,第一开关晶体管与第六开关晶体管常闭,第二开关晶体管与第三开关晶体管同步高频动作,第四开关晶体管常开,第五开关晶体管与第二开关晶体管互补开通。In unipolar pulse
本发明的单相三电平逆变器工作时,由六个带反并二极管的功率开关与两个续流二极管协调进行开关动作,使得逆变器输出电压在零电平时,逆变器输出交流侧和输入直流侧处于解耦状态,从而确保了在整个调制过程中,逆变器输出电压实现三电平的同时,逆变器输出侧的共模电压保持为一个常量,进而完全消除了共模电流。When the single-phase three-level inverter of the present invention is working, six power switches with anti-parallel diodes and two freewheeling diodes are coordinated to perform switching operations, so that when the inverter output voltage is at zero level, the inverter output The AC side and the input DC side are in a decoupling state, which ensures that during the entire modulation process, while the inverter output voltage achieves three levels, the common-mode voltage at the inverter output side remains constant, thereby completely eliminating common mode current.
本发明的逆变器在采用上述两种单极性脉冲宽度调制方式下,当电路的工作模式切换时,功率开关的寄生结电容电压始终保持平衡,因此无须额外的脉冲宽度调制策略或者硬件电路来补偿寄生结电容的电压平衡问题,因此它的控制方式比较简单;本发明的逆变器输出电压为三电平,从而可以大大减小输出滤波器的体积,降低滤波器上的损耗;本发明的逆变器只有在输出电流处于工频过零点附近时需要设置死区,因此电路输出电能质量好,电路的稳定性高。本发明的逆变器可适用于独立型逆变器和并网型逆变器系统,并特别适合应用于分布式光伏并网发电系统中。When the inverter of the present invention adopts the above two unipolar pulse width modulation modes, when the working mode of the circuit is switched, the parasitic junction capacitance voltage of the power switch is always balanced, so no additional pulse width modulation strategy or hardware circuit is required To compensate the voltage balance problem of parasitic junction capacitance, so its control method is relatively simple; the output voltage of the inverter of the present invention is three levels, so that the volume of the output filter can be greatly reduced, and the loss on the filter can be reduced; The invented inverter only needs to set a dead zone when the output current is near the power frequency zero crossing point, so the circuit output power quality is good and the circuit stability is high. The inverter of the present invention is applicable to independent inverters and grid-connected inverter systems, and is particularly suitable for use in distributed photovoltaic grid-connected power generation systems.
本发明利用六个带有反并二极管的功率开关和两个续流二极管协调进行开关动作,完全消除了共模电流;该电路在合适的调制方式下,控制方式简单,且死区工作机制可靠。本发明采用单极性脉冲宽度调制方式,输出电流纹波减小,从而提高了逆变器的输出电能质量,减小了滤波器的体积和重量,降低了滤波电感上产生的铜损和磁损。本发明结构简单,能够在消除共模电流的同时,实现三电平的输出电压。The present invention uses six power switches with anti-parallel diodes and two freewheeling diodes to coordinate the switching action, completely eliminating the common-mode current; the circuit has a simple control mode and a reliable dead-zone working mechanism under a suitable modulation mode . The invention adopts the unipolar pulse width modulation mode, and the output current ripple is reduced, thereby improving the output power quality of the inverter, reducing the volume and weight of the filter, and reducing the copper loss and magnetic flux generated on the filter inductance. damage. The invention has a simple structure and can realize a three-level output voltage while eliminating the common mode current.
附图说明 Description of drawings
图1是本发明单相三电平逆变器的电路示意图。Fig. 1 is a schematic circuit diagram of a single-phase three-level inverter of the present invention.
图2是本发明采用单极性脉冲宽度调制方式1的波形示意图。FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of waveforms using unipolar pulse
图3是本发明采用单极性脉冲宽度调制方式2的波形示意图。FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of waveforms using unipolar pulse
图4a-图4j是本发明单相三电平逆变器的十种工作模式示意图。4a-4j are schematic diagrams of ten working modes of the single-phase three-level inverter of the present invention.
具体实施方式 Detailed ways
参见附图1,本发明的一种单相三电平逆变器,包括输入电容Cdc,第一功率开关S1,第二功率开关S2,第三功率开关S3,第四功率开关S4,第五功率开关S5,第六功率开关S6,第一续流二极管D7,第二续流二极管D8以及滤波器F;Referring to accompanying
本实施例所述的第一功率开关S1由第一开关晶体管T1和第一反并二极管D1并联组成,第二功率开关S2由第二开关晶体管T2和第二反并二极管D2并联组成,第三功率开关S3由第三开关晶体管T3和第三反并二极管D3并联组成,第四功率开关S4由第四开关晶体管T4和第四反并二极管D4并联组成,第五功率开关S5由第五开关晶体管T5和第五反并二极管D5并联组成,第六功率S6开关由第六开关晶体管T6和第六反并二极管D6并联组成;开关晶体管与反并二极管的并联方式为:开关晶体管的漏极或集电极与反并二极管的阴极相连构成功率开关的漏极,开关晶体管的源极或发射极与反并二极管的阳极相连构成功率开关的源极。The first power switch S 1 described in this embodiment is composed of the first switching transistor T 1 and the first anti-parallel diode D 1 connected in parallel, and the second power switch S 2 is composed of the second switching transistor T 2 and the second anti-parallel diode D 2 in parallel, the third power switch S3 is composed of the third switching transistor T3 and the third anti-parallel diode D3 in parallel, the fourth power switch S4 is composed of the fourth switching transistor T4 and the fourth anti-parallel diode D4 in parallel The fifth power switch S5 is composed of the fifth switching transistor T5 and the fifth anti-parallel diode D5 in parallel, and the sixth power switch S6 is composed of the sixth switching transistor T6 and the sixth anti-parallel diode D6 in parallel; The parallel connection of the switching transistor and the anti-parallel diode is as follows: the drain or collector of the switching transistor is connected to the cathode of the anti-parallel diode to form the drain of the power switch, and the source or emitter of the switching transistor is connected to the anode of the anti-parallel diode to form a power switch. source of the switch.
第一功率开关S1的漏极、第三功率开关S3的漏极、输入电容Cdc的正端与输入直流端的正极相连;第一功率开关S1的源极、第二功率开关S2的漏极、第一续流二极管D7的阳极、第二续流二极管D8的阴极与滤波器的第一输入端相连;第二功率开关S2的源极、第六功率开关S6的源极、输入电容Cdc的负端与输入直流端的负极相连;第三功率开关S3的源极、第一续流二极管D7的阴极与第四功率开关S4的漏极相连;第六功率开关S6的漏极、第二续流二极管D8的阳极与第五功率开关S5的源极相连;第四功率开关S4的源极、第五功率开关S5的漏极与滤波器的第二输入端相连;The drain of the first power switch S1 , the drain of the third power switch S3 , and the positive terminal of the input capacitor C dc are connected to the positive terminal of the input DC terminal; the source of the first power switch S1 , the second power switch S2 The drain of the first freewheeling diode D7 , the cathode of the second freewheeling diode D8 are connected to the first input terminal of the filter; the source of the second power switch S2 , the sixth power switch S6 The source and the negative terminal of the input capacitor C dc are connected to the negative terminal of the input DC terminal; the source of the third power switch S3 and the cathode of the first freewheeling diode D7 are connected to the drain of the fourth power switch S4 ; the sixth The drain of the power switch S6 and the anode of the second freewheeling diode D8 are connected to the source of the fifth power switch S5 ; the source of the fourth power switch S4 and the drain of the fifth power switch S5 are connected to the filter connected to the second input of the device;
本发明的逆变器的调制方式为单极性脉冲宽度调制。The modulation mode of the inverter of the present invention is unipolar pulse width modulation.
附图2是采用单极性脉冲宽度调制方式1的波形示意图,其中uc是高频载波(例如20kHz),ug是工频调制波(例如50Hz)。第一开关晶体管T1、第二开关晶体管T2、第三开关晶体管T3和第六开关晶体管T6交替以工频周期(例如50Hz)和高频周期(例如20kHz)进行开关动作。当调制波ug处于正半周期时,第一开关晶体管T1与第六开关晶体管T6同步高频动作,第二开关晶体管T2与第三开关晶体管T3常闭,第四开关晶体管T4常闭,第五开关晶体管T5常开;当调制波ug处于负半周期,第一开关晶体管T1与第六开关晶体管T6常闭,第二开关晶体管T2与第三开关晶体管T3同步高频动作,第四开关晶体管T4常开,第五开关晶体管T5常闭。Accompanying
附图3是采用单极性脉冲宽度调制方式2的波形示意图,其中uc是高频载波(例如20kHz),ug是工频调制波(例如50Hz),第一开关晶体管T1、第二开关晶体管T2、第三开关晶体管T3、第四开关晶体管T4、第五开关晶体管T5和第六开关晶体管T6交替以工频周期(例如50Hz)和高频周期(例如20kHz)进行开关动作。当调制波ug处于正半周期时,第一开关晶体管T1与第六开关晶体管T6同步高频动作,第二开关晶体管T2与第三开关晶体管T3常闭,第四开关晶体管T4与第一开关晶体管T1互补开通,第五开关晶体管T5常开;当调制波ug处于负半周期,第一开关晶体管T1与第六开关晶体管T6常闭,第二开关晶体管T2与第三开关晶体管T3同步高频动作,第四开关晶体管T4常开,第五开关晶体管T5与第二开关晶体管T2互补开通。
参见附图4a-附图4j,本发明的逆变器在整个工作过程中,主要存在10种工作模式。其中:在工作模式1时,电流流过第一开关晶体管T1、第五开关晶体管T5和第六开关晶体管T6,逆变器输出正电压;在工作模式2时,电流流过第五开关晶体管T5、第二续流二极管D8,逆变器输出零电平;在工作模式3时,电流流过第六反并二极管D6,第五反并二极管D5和第一反并二极管D1,逆变器输出正电压;在工作模式4时,电流流过第一续流二极管D7,第四开关晶体管T4,逆变器输出零电平;在工作模式5时,电流流过第三开关晶体管T3、第四开关晶体管T4和第二开关晶体管T2,逆变器输出负电压;在工作模式6时,电流流过第一续流二极管D7、第四开关晶体管T4,逆变器输出零电平;在工作模式7时,电流流过第二开关晶体管T2、第四反并二极管D4和第三反并二极管D3,逆变器输出负电压;在工作模式8时,电流流过第五开关晶体管T5、第二续流二极管D8,逆变器输出零电压。在工作模式9时,电流流过第六反并二极管D6,第五反并二极管D5,第一反并二极管D1,逆变器输出正电平。在工作模式10时,电流流过第二反并二极管D2,第四反并二极管D4,第三反并二极管D3,逆变器输出负电平。在工作模式2、工作模式4、工作模式6和工作模式8中,第一开关晶体管T1和第一反并二级管D1均处于关断状态,第二开关晶体管T2和第二反并二级管D2均处于关断状态,第三开关晶体管T3和第三反并二级管D3均处于关断状态,第六开关晶体管T6和第六反并二级管D6均处于关断状态,使逆变器输出交流侧和输入直流侧处于解耦状态,从而保证了逆变器的输出无共模漏电流。Referring to accompanying drawings 4a-4j, the inverter of the present invention mainly has 10 working modes during the whole working process. Among them: in
本实施例所述的功率开关可以由其内部自带反并二极管的开关晶体管构成,也可以由独立开关晶体管和独立二极管反并联后构成;所述的续流二极管为独立二极管,或为其内部自带反并二极管的开关晶体管;所述开关晶体管可以是功率金属氧化物硅场效应晶体管或绝缘双极晶体管等全控型功率半导体器件;所述的反并二极管为独立二极管或开关晶体管内部自带的二极管;所述滤波器F为电感型滤波器,也可由电感-电容型滤波器或电感-电容-电感型滤波器替代;本实施例所述的无变压器型逆变器结构,既适用于并网型逆变器也适用于独立型逆变器结构或其他无变压器型逆变场合。The power switch described in this embodiment can be composed of a switching transistor with an internal anti-parallel diode, or can be composed of an independent switching transistor and an independent diode in anti-parallel connection; the freewheeling diode is an independent diode, or it is an internal A switching transistor with an anti-parallel diode; the switching transistor can be a fully-controlled power semiconductor device such as a power metal oxide silicon field effect transistor or an insulated bipolar transistor; the anti-parallel diode is an independent diode or an internal self-automatic with a diode; the filter F is an inductance filter, and can also be replaced by an inductance-capacitance filter or an inductance-capacitance-inductance filter; the transformerless inverter structure described in this embodiment is suitable for both It is also suitable for grid-connected inverters and independent inverter structures or other transformerless inverters.
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