CN102185453B - Direct-drive high-performance permanent magnet brushless motor for electric vehicle - Google Patents
Direct-drive high-performance permanent magnet brushless motor for electric vehicle Download PDFInfo
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- CN102185453B CN102185453B CN2011101404390A CN201110140439A CN102185453B CN 102185453 B CN102185453 B CN 102185453B CN 2011101404390 A CN2011101404390 A CN 2011101404390A CN 201110140439 A CN201110140439 A CN 201110140439A CN 102185453 B CN102185453 B CN 102185453B
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Abstract
The invention relates to a direct-drive high-performance permanent magnet brushless motor for an electric vehicle, comprising an internal stator part and an external rotor part, wherein the external rotor part is used for connecting with tyres; the internal stator part is connected with an automobile suspension; the internal stator part comprises a motor stator, a motor winding and a motor controller; the external rotor part comprises a motor rotor and a permanent magnet; the motor stator has a coiling and superposing structure of a helical strip-shaped iron sheet; furthermore, the coiling and superposing structure is a structure with spaced wide teeth and narrow teeth; the motor winding enwinds the wide teeth of the motor stator; and the narrow teeth are not wound by wires. The direct-drive high-performance permanent magnet brushless motor for the electric vehicle has the advantages of small motor vibration, low noise, high transmission efficiency, good heat dissipation, and the like.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of direct-drive high-performance permanent magnet brushless motor for electric vehicle, belong to driving motor for electric automobile manufacturing technology field.
Background technology
The Present Global petroleum resources are supplied with and are becoming tight day, and the Climatic issues such as greenhouse effect also more and more are subject to the attention of countries in the world, and the development low-carbon economy is walked the common recognition that Sustainable Development Road has become the whole world.The compare delivery efficiency of traditional fuel oil/vapour engine-driven car 20%～30%, the output maximal efficiency of electric automobile can reach more than 85%., low emission energy-efficient due to it or zero discharge advantage, and superior serviceability and relative cheap use price have obtained extensive approval and the popular welcome in market, day by day become the focus that Global Auto industry is paid close attention to, and show good development prospect.The developed countries such as the U.S., France, Germany pay much attention to Development of Electric Vehicles, various countries are from the strategy of automotive engineering change and industrial upgrading, the numerous and confused promulgation formulated preferential policies and measures, strengthens the dynamics of investment of electric automobile, actively promotes national ev industry development.The US President Barack Obama clearly represents to the U.S. in 2015,1,000,000 charged type hybrid power cars to be arranged, and it just starts " young mobile " plan as far back as in June, 2009, strives making eco-friendly car occupy half left and right of automobile market total amount in the year two thousand fifty; French Government announces to implement " Development of EV whole nation plan " in January, 2010, expects the year two thousand twenty and will promote 2,000,000 electric automobiles; In the economic stimulus package of 50,000,000,000 Euros that German Government is passed through, be used for greatly the construction of electric automobile research and development and vehicle charging station network at the beginning of 2009.The consumption of alternative fuel or minimizing fuel at the Devoting Major Efforts To Developing new-energy automobile, is sought in many famous automobile factory commercial cities in the world.Go on the market take the Toyota of the FRERNASH company of U.S. Blue Bird passenger vehicle company, Britain, Japan, Honda as electric motor coach and the car of representative.This shows, whole world ev industry will reach certain scale the coming years, and will open car market, next round whole world fight for hegemony.
From global range, before the eighties in 20th century, nearly all vehicle traction electric machine is direct current machine, and this is because dc traction motor has starting advantages such as to accelerate tractive effort large, and control system is simpler.The shortcoming of direct current machine is that mechanical commutator is arranged, and when moving under the high speed heavy load, commutator face can produce spark, so the running of motor can not be too high.Because the commutator of direct current machine need maintain, be not suitable for again running up, except compact car, generally do not adopt at present.And over past ten years, main development AC induction motor and brushless permanent magnet motor system.
The vector control speed adjusting technique comparative maturity of AC induction motor, make the Induction Motor-Driven system have obvious advantage, therefore early be applied to the drive system of electric automobile, remain at present the main product (especially in the U.S.) of drive system of electric automobile, but it is complicated that its disadvantage is drive circuit, and cost is high; Relative magneto, AC induction motor efficient and power density are on the low side.Therefore it is progressively replaced by other novel brush-less permanent magnetic traction electric machine drive system.
Brushless permanent magnet motor can adopt cylindrical radial magnetic field structure or disc type axial magnetic field structure, and owing to having higher power density and efficient and broad speed adjustable range, development prospect is very wide, is strong competitor in the motor vehicle traction electric machine.
Simultaneously along with the design theory of brushless permanent magnet motor drive system is constantly improved and continues deeply, the type electric machine structure is flexible, and design freedom is large, is expected to obtain high-performance, is suitable for that electric automobile is efficient, high density, wide range speed control traction drive.The concern that these have caused each large colleagues of motor corporation has particularly obtained the Japanese car colleague's of company favor.Japan celebrating answers the great professor leader's of the University Environment information department of the Chinese Academy of Sciences of private school charging no tuition clear water electric automobile research group in the more than ten years in the past, always take based on the full wheel drive electric automobile of wheel hub motor as research object, manufactured experimently so far the sample car of many moneys different types.China's Development of Electric Vehicles starts from the nineties in last century, the units such as the electrician of Chinese Academy of Sciences institute, 811, Shanghai, Tsing-Hua University, Shanghai Tongji University, Beijing Institute of Technology, under the support of " 863 " plan and the national project such as " 15 " national science and technology special project, obtained interim achievement in research in electric automobile research and development manufacturing field.In recent years, along with Global Auto industry center of gravity begins to shift to China market, the industrialization process of electric automobile is obviously accelerated.According to incompletely statistics, China comprises that the car load enterprise of BYD, upper vapour, a vapour, east wind, Beijing Automobile Workshop, Cherry, lucky, Lifan etc. surpasses 150, comprises that a vapour, upper vapour, space logical etc. the producer that is engaged in the hybrid power passenger car research and production is over 30.According to " auto industry adjustment and development planning " requirement, form scale to China's electric automobile production and marketing in the end of the year 2011, to form the new-energy automobile production capacities such as 500,000 pure electronic, charged type hybrid powers and plain edition hybrid power, the new-energy automobile sales volume will account for 5% left and right of passenger car total sales volume; According to " new-energy automobile industrial development planning " draft, to the year two thousand twenty, China's new-energy automobile industrialization and market scale will reach the whole world the first, and new-energy automobile (plug-in hybrid-power automobile, pure electric automobile, hydrogen fuel cell automobile etc.) recoverable amount reaches 5,000,000.
Because the electric automobile operating condition is very complicated, therefore very high to the requirement of drive motors, though at present domestic have production, but can't require to fit like a glove with energy-conserving and environment-protective on performance, and still have a little gap with international most advanced level.Yet through concentrated research and development and the application to the driving motor for electric automobile system of " 95 ", " 15 ", Eleventh Five-Year Plan country, particularly along with the manufacturing system of China's electric automobile is progressively set up, the capability of independent innovation is highly improved, domestic many enterprises have begun to set foot in the research and production of the key components and parts such as the battery relevant to electric automobile, motor, and the gap of technical merit and international most advanced level is dwindled.Aspect design of electrical motor, adopt Modern Vehicle electric system design concept, tentatively solve the limit Design of multiple target high-performance automobile motor and multi-field Accurate Analysis and in conjunction with the technical barrier of applying control strategy system integration emulation; At the New-type electric machine technical elements, Some Domestic enterprise, research unit and colleges and universities have carried out the active research exploration to the electric system of some new principles, and some has developed prototyping system, and part has been carried out bench test and entrucking; Aspect the detection test, domestic electric machine is tested the base and has been set up the special-purpose Performance Detection test-bed of motor controller, has possessed more complete Performance Detection and preliminary environmental test testing conditions; Aspect the critical material and key components and parts of electric motor and controller system, as the special-purpose electrical sheet exploitation of development, the exploitation of high-performance and low-cost insulating material, automobile motor of rotating speed position transducer, the stability study aspect of motor magnetic material, obtained initial achievements.
But present domestic driving motor of pure electric automobile system ubiquity: the AC induction motor starting torque is little, general brushless permanent magnet motor power density is little, volume is large, efficient is low, complex structure, cost is high, reliability is low, noise is large problem, has no small gap with external advanced person's driving motor of pure electric automobile.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is provides a kind of direct-drive high-performance permanent magnet brushless motor for electric vehicle for solving the problems of the technologies described above.
Above-mentioned technical purpose of the present invention is achieved by the following technical programs:
Direct-drive high-performance permanent magnet brushless motor for electric vehicle, comprise internal stator part and external rotor part, external rotor partly is used for connecting tire, the internal stator part is connected with automotive suspension, inner stator divides and comprises motor stator, motor winding and electric machine controller, external rotor partly comprises rotor and permanent magnet, it is characterized in that: described motor stator is the volume stack structure of strip-spiral iron plate, and this volume stack structure is again the alternate structure of the narrow tooth of wide tooth, winding is around on the wide tooth of stator, and narrow tooth does not wind the line.
Preferred as technique scheme, described internal stator part also comprises water-cooling structure, this water-cooling structure is made of the water-cooled webmaster that is covered in described motor winding.
Preferred as technique scheme, this motor adopts multipolar resolver as the position signalling transducer, uses DSP as main control chip, and motor is carried out vector control calculate, output SVPWM control signal, thus control motor commutation operation.
Preferred as technique scheme, controller adopts the IPM intelligent driver module that can bear high pressure, large electric current.
The motor body aspect: motor stator adopts not wide toothing, and this structure is convenient to concentrate the coiling of winding winding mode on the one hand, has reduced on the other hand the cogging torque of motor, has reduced the vibration of motor; Design of electrical motor is become oblate type and design by the outer-rotor structure with the automotive hub tabling, realize the motor direct-drive wheel hub, improve transmission efficiency, reduce car noise, acceleration-deceleration, the steering operation of automobile can be facilitated, reduce the cost of car load drive system;
On technology, abandoned traditional structural entity punching, rotor adopts one-shot forming technique, and stator core adopts coiling process, reaches to have reduced magnetic resistance, close structure, effectively reduce noise, improve the purpose of stock utilization;
The structural design of motor stator water-cooled has improved the heat-sinking capability of motor, has increased the power density of motor, has solved a motor radiating difficult problem.
Electronic control system aspect: control the research of (FOC vector control) based on the field orientation of DSP:
Adopt multipolar resolver as the motor position signal transducer, use DSP as main control chip, motor is carried out vector control calculate, output SVPWM control signal, thus control motor commutation operation;
Use high pressure, large driven current density: controller adopts reliable IPM intelligent driver module, can bear high pressure, large electric current, and current protecting function is preferably arranged;
Employing is controlled motor based on the vector control algorithm of DSP, has realized the stepless speed regulation of automobile power, has improved efficient, accuracy and the reliability of whole drive system; According to controlling (FOC vector control) basic principle based on the field orientation of DSP, motor is carried out high-precision SERVO CONTROL.By resolver, rotor-position is detected and current sample, CPU processes through the AD input, by the field orientation control method based on the coordinate transform theory, coordinate transform is accurately controlled the DC Variable (as electric current, magnetic linkage, voltage etc.) of motor internal complicated coupling in motor and is fit to the running car requirement.
Motor stator enamelled wire has adopted anti-corona enamelled wire, can increase the life-span of motor, and in the grade that adopts in the selection of the class of insulation more than the H level, reliability and the life-span of greatly having improved motor.Make motor of the present invention have following characteristics: motor is by high energy permanent magnetic material excitation, and for given power output, its quality and volume can reduce greatly, makes power density improve; Due to rotor without winding, without copper loss, its high efficiency, its efficient is higher than induction motor; The motor feels hot mainly concentrates on stator, takes the mode of water-cooled, good heat dissipation effect; Permanent magnet excitation is not subjected to the restriction of manufacturing defect, overheated or mechanical failure, thereby reliability is higher; The rotor electromagnetic time constant is little, and dynamic property is good.
In sum, the present invention has following beneficial effect:
1, motor stator adopts not wide toothing, has reduced cogging torque, has reduced vibration and the noise of motor;
2, stator core adopts the folded mode of volume, reaches to have reduced magnetic resistance, close structure, effectively reduce noise, improve stock utilization;
3, motor stator adopts not wide toothing, and this structure is convenient to concentrate the coiling of winding winding mode on the one hand, has reduced on the other hand the cogging torque of motor, has reduced the vibration of motor;
4, design of electrical motor is become oblate type and by with the design of the outer-rotor structure of automotive hub tabling, realize the motor direct-drive wheel hub, improve transmission efficiency, reduce car noise, acceleration-deceleration, the steering operation of automobile can be facilitated, reduce the cost of car load drive system;
5, the structural design of motor stator water-cooled has improved the heat-sinking capability of motor, has increased the power density of motor, has solved a motor radiating difficult problem;
6, employing is controlled motor based on the vector control algorithm of DSP, has realized the stepless speed regulation of automobile power, has improved efficient, accuracy and the reliability of whole drive system; According to controlling (FOC vector control) basic principle based on the field orientation of DSP, motor is carried out high-precision SERVO CONTROL.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is structural representation of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of motor stator of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of water-cooling structure of the present invention;
In figure, 1-motor stator, 2-motor winding, 3-electric machine controller, 4-rotor, 5-permanent magnet, 6-water-cooling structure, 7-tire, 8-suspension.
Embodiment
This specific embodiment is only explanation of the invention; it is not limitation of the present invention; those skilled in the art can make to the present embodiment the modification that there is no creative contribution as required after reading this specification, but as long as all are subject to the protection of Patent Law in claim scope of the present invention.
As shown in Fig. 1～3, direct-drive high-performance permanent magnet brushless motor for electric vehicle, it comprises internal stator part and external rotor part, external rotor partly is used for connecting tire 7, the internal stator part is connected with automotive suspension 8, inner stator divides and comprises motor stator 1, motor winding 2 and electric machine controller 3, external rotor partly comprises rotor 4 and permanent magnet 5, described motor stator 1 is the volume stack structure of strip-spiral iron plate, and this volume stack structure is again the alternate structure of the narrow tooth of wide tooth, motor winding 2 is around on the wide tooth 1 of motor stator, and narrow tooth does not wind the line.Described internal stator part also comprises water-cooling structure 6, and this water-cooling structure 6 is made of the water-cooled webmaster that is covered in described motor winding.This motor adopts multipolar resolver as the position signalling transducer, uses DSP as main control chip, and motor is carried out vector control calculate, output SVPWM control signal, thus control motor commutation operation.Controller adopts the IPM intelligent driver module that can bear high pressure, large electric current.
The present invention can make by the following method:
1) rotor assembly: armature spindle, rotor yoke, rotor core is adopted respectively temperature differential method to coordinate and is assembled, and adopts high-frequency heating apparatus to assemble in assembling process, at the iron core of rotor and the fit on of rotor magnetic shoe, uses high temperature resistant AB glue.At the surface-mounted rotor case that material is titanium alloy of rotor magnetic shoe, in case the peeling off of rotor magnetic shoe.After rotor assembly is completed, rotor assembly is carried out balance check, reach the level of G2.5;
2) stator module: in stator core, adopting temperature differential method to coordinate between stator casing assembles, adopt high-frequency heating apparatus to assemble in assembling process, the place uses sealing glue and rubber 15 seal sealings at the stator casing water channel, carry out voltage-withstand test in water channel, stator built-in line adopts the coil inserting apparatus rule, strengthens consistency, after stator built-in line is complete, adopt vacuum pressure impregnation equipment to carry out the insulating varnish dipping lacquer of coil.After stator module is completed, stator coil is carried out resistance, inductance, proof voltage, the conventionally tests such as insulation resistance;
3) system test: after machine debugging is complete, be connected with dynamometer machine, connect controller, cooling system carries out the 3000rpm no load test, and specific rotation speeds, torsion-testing, motor are efficiently distinguished test, carry out at regular time and quantity durable test.
Claims (1)
1. direct-drive high-performance permanent magnet brushless motor for electric vehicle, comprise internal stator part and external rotor part, external rotor partly is used for connecting tire, the internal stator part is connected with automotive suspension, inner stator divides and comprises motor stator (1), motor winding (2) and electric machine controller (3), external rotor partly comprises rotor (4) and permanent magnet (5), it is characterized in that: described motor stator is about the volume stack structure of strip-spiral iron plate, and this volume stack structure is again the alternate structure of the narrow tooth of wide tooth, motor winding (2) is around on the wide tooth of motor stator (1), narrow tooth does not wind the line,
Described internal stator part also comprises water-cooling structure (6), and this water-cooling structure (6) is made of the water-cooled webmaster that is covered in described motor winding;
This motor adopts multipolar resolver as the position signalling transducer, uses DSP as main control chip, and motor is carried out vector control calculate, output SVPWM control signal, thus control motor commutation operation;
Controller adopts the TPM intelligent driver module that can bear high pressure, large electric current;
Described motor adopts following methods to make:
Rotor assembly: armature spindle, rotor is gripped, and rotor core is adopted respectively temperature differential method to coordinate and is assembled, and adopts high-frequency heating apparatus to assemble in assembling process, at the iron core of rotor and the fit on of rotor magnetic shoe, uses high temperature resistant AB glue; At the surface-mounted rotor case that material is titanium alloy of rotor magnetic shoe, in case the peeling off of rotor magnetic shoe;
After rotor assembly is completed, rotor assembly is carried out balance check, reach the level of G2. 5;
Stator module: in stator core, adopting temperature differential method to coordinate between stator casing assembles, adopt high-frequency heating apparatus to assemble in assembling process, the place uses sealing glue and rubber seal sealing at the stator casing water channel, carry out voltage-withstand test in water channel, stator built-in line adopts the coil inserting apparatus rule, strengthens consistency, after stator built-in line is complete, adopt vacuum pressure impregnation equipment to carry out the insulating varnish dipping lacquer of coil;
After stator module is completed, stator coil is carried out resistance, inductance, the conventionally test of proof voltage;
System test: after machine debugging is complete, be connected with dynamometer machine, connect controller, cooling system carries out the 3000rpm no load test, and specific rotation speeds, torsion-testing, motor are efficiently distinguished test, carry out at regular time and quantity durable test.
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| CN109802521A (en) * | 2019-02-12 | 2019-05-24 | 威海鸣川汽车技术有限公司 | One kind carrying reduction gearing hub motor comprising controller and water-cooling system |
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| JPH0378458A (en) * | 1989-08-18 | 1991-04-03 | Ricoh Co Ltd | Motor |
| US7538457B2 (en) * | 2006-01-27 | 2009-05-26 | General Motors Corporation | Electric motor assemblies with coolant flow for concentrated windings |
| KR101275210B1 (en) * | 2006-06-16 | 2013-06-18 | 엘지전자 주식회사 | Stator for Motor with Winding Type Stator Core and Laundry Machine with the Same |
| CN1976176A (en) * | 2006-12-08 | 2007-06-06 | 奇瑞汽车有限公司 | Water-cooling electric machine for mixed power system |
| CN201656595U (en) * | 2010-05-24 | 2010-11-24 | 哈尔滨理工大学 | Stator cooling system of high-speed permanent magnet motor |
| CN202085053U (en) * | 2011-05-27 | 2011-12-21 | 湖州南浔科宁动力科技有限公司 | Electromobile-use direct-driven and permanently magnetic brushless motor having high performance |
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