CN102183292B - Method and detection sensor for detecting optical fiber grating vibration of large-scale mechanized equipment - Google Patents
Method and detection sensor for detecting optical fiber grating vibration of large-scale mechanized equipment Download PDFInfo
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- CN102183292B CN102183292B CN201110063648XA CN201110063648A CN102183292B CN 102183292 B CN102183292 B CN 102183292B CN 201110063648X A CN201110063648X A CN 201110063648XA CN 201110063648 A CN201110063648 A CN 201110063648A CN 102183292 B CN102183292 B CN 102183292B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method and a detection sensor for detecting optical fiber grating vibration of large-scale mechanized equipment. A sensor probe part mainly comprises two parts, namely a magnetic coupling sensing probe and an optical fiber grating sensing probe. When the vibration of the large-scale mechanized equipment is detected, the magnetic coupling sensing probe, a metallic membrane, an optical fiber grating in the sensor are connected with an optical fiber grating demodulating system in sequence, and the magnetic coupling sensing probe faces an object to be measured. A magnetic coupling force is generated between the magnetic coupling sensing probe and the object to be measured to promote a displacement change of the magnetic coupling probe, which results in offset of the centre of the metallic membrane from an original position and drift of an fiber grating wavelength in sequence; and the optical fiber grating demodulating system obtains a drift value of the fiber grating wavelength and analyzes the overall process. The detection sensor is simple in structure, convenient to manufacture and install, high in sensitivity, strong in anti-electromagnetic interference capability, high in frequency dynamic response speed, can transmit signal remotely, can detect the high-frequency signal and is not affected by temperature, so the invention can be used in severe environment and inflammable and explosive locations.
Description
Technical field:
The present invention relates to the contactless optical fiber grating detection method and the detecting sensor of a kind of big machinery equipment running state analysis, be mainly used in the real-time monitoring of rotary body vibration and axial displacement in the machinery, belong to sensor technical field.
Background technology:
The running status, the particularly wherein normal operation of critical component of big machinery equipment all are crucial to the protection of safety in production and people's lives and properties.Generally adopt at present the running status of non-contact method monitoring large rotating machinery, what application was more in non-contact sensor is eddy current sensor and photoelectric sensor.Eddy current sensor is simple in structure because of having; Characteristics such as highly sensitive, frequency response range is wide, do not receive medium influence such as greasy dirt, long-term work is reliable and stable and enjoy attention are the first-selection that large rotating machinery vibration survey, axial displacement are measured for many years always; But also exist fatal shortcoming; In testing process, need fore-lying device medium-high frequency oscillating current to flow into probe coil through extending cable, mechanical shift changes into the voltage signal transmission the most at last, therefore; Use such sensor to exist great potential safety hazard in inflammable and explosive hazardous area, easily danger such as initiation fire, blast.Eddy current sensor temperature drift is bigger in addition, and temperature stability is poor; And signal can't be grown Distance Transmission, in transmission course loss bigger, influence measuring accuracy.Photoelectric sensor is another kind of non-contacting sensor commonly used; Be based on the method for optical principle, through position or displacement that the power of relatively sending light and reception light is measured measured object, this method has higher precision and big measurement range; But measured object is bigger to the absorptance of light; Reflected light a little less than, optical pickup apparatus is required high, generally need be at the strong reflex reflector lens of measured object mounted on surface; And high to the environmental requirement of measuring, the dust in the environment etc. all can cause the influence to measurement result, so such sensor can't use in the abominable industrial environment of dust, greasy dirt is arranged.
Proposed first fiber grating as since the sensing from Morey in 1989, fiber-optic grating sensor has received worldwide extensive attention, and has obtained development rapidly.Fiber grating sensing technology long-term, in real time, the stability of on-line monitoring all received brainstrust and paid close attention to widely and approve, and become one of core technology of large scale structure engineering (like bridge, dam, petrochemical industry etc.) health monitoring.Mostly the fiber-optic grating sensor of in health monitoring, using is touch sensor; Grating is affixed on the equi intensity cantilever; Mobile the touching of measured object deforms semi-girder, causes grating that deformation also takes place thereupon, judges the variation of measured object displacement through the wavelength drift of measuring grating.The semi-girder fiber-optic grating sensor is poor to the frequency dynamic response characteristic, can not be applied to high frequency measurement.In addition, the contact type optical fiber grating sensor also blocks up its application in the rotating machinery health monitoring because transmission line is prone to twine with rotary body or turning axle.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to overcome the prior art shortcoming, provide a kind of simple in structure, making and easy for installation; Highly sensitive, anti-electromagnetic interference capability is strong, but the signal remote transmission; Can detect high-frequency signal, need not temperature compensation, can in rugged surroundings such as high dust, high greasy dirt, use; And the contactless optical fiber grating detection of dynamic sensor of essential safety in inflammable and explosive place, the present invention provides a kind of method of utilizing these sensor big machinery equipment vibrations simultaneously.
The technical scheme that realizes the object of the invention is:
A kind of contactless optical fiber grating detection of dynamic sensor; It mainly is made up of magnetic coupling sensing probe and optical fiber grating sensing probe two parts, and wherein the magnetic sensing probe that is coupled is through being connected the U type sensing probe that soft iron is connected to form by the 1st magnet and the 2nd magnet; The optical fiber grating sensing probe is made up of fiber grating and metallic membrane; The fiber grating two ends are separately fixed in the 1st capillary tubing and the 2nd capillary tubing; The 1st capillary tubing is fixed in metal sleeve one end, and the 2nd capillary tubing vertical fixing is in the hard-core position of metallic membrane central authorities, and prestretched optical fiber; Metallic membrane is fixed in the metal sleeve other end, and magnetic coupling sensing probe is connected through the hard-core of connecting link with metallic membrane central authorities.
A kind of big machinery equipment fiber grating shock detection method of the present invention; It is characterized in that: the coupling of the magnetic in above-mentioned contactless optical fiber grating detection of dynamic sensor sensing probe, metallic membrane, fiber grating and an optical fiber grating regulating system are connected in turn; Metal sleeve in its non-contacting sensor probe is fixed on the mounting bracket; Magnetic coupling sensing probe is facing to testee; Confirm the initial separation between magnetic coupling sensing probe and the testee through regulating mounting bracket; Make magnetic coupling U type probe form a closed magnetic circuit with testee; Magnetic coupling force takes place between magnetic coupling sensing probe and the testee impel magnetic coupling sensing probe to be subjected to displacement variation, and cause metallic membrane to depart from original position successively and optic fiber grating wavelength drifts about, optical fiber grating regulating system obtains the optic fiber grating wavelength drift value and whole process is made analysis.
In the detection method of the present invention; It is through the relatively crest of grating wavelength and the relative variable realization of trough that optical fiber grating regulating system is analyzed optic fiber grating wavelength drift; Eliminate the influence that temperature is drifted about to grating wavelength in testing process, need not temperature compensation.
Principle of work of the present invention: in certain spacing range, can produce the magnetic field of a sealing between magnetic coupling sensing probe and the testee, the size of magnetic coupling force is relevant with spacing, and spacing is more little, and magnetic coupling force is big more.Change the axial strain of fiber grating into according to the far and near amount of deflection that forms different big or small magnetic coupling forces drive metallic membrane misalignment original positions in gap; When the diaphragm central vertical is stressed; In all deflections of diaphragm; The diaphragm center is maximum in the amount of deflection of offset from vertical original position, so this scheme can obtain higher sensitivity and range.Wave length shift through optical fiber grating regulating system measuring optical fiber grating draws the running status of testee to judge the spacing between magnetic coupling sensing probe and the testee with this.
When testee ran well, the light wave of the detected fiber grating of optical fiber grating regulating system drift also was a steady change periodically; When the testee running status breaks down; Irregular variation also can take place in the spacing between magnetic coupling sensing probe and the testee; Cause the amount of deflection of magnetic coupling force, metallic membrane and the wave length shift of fiber grating that irregular variation also takes place thereupon; Last optical fiber grating regulating system obtains the signal beyond the safety margin, and causes and report to the police.This demodulation method is to realize that through the relative variable of crest that compares grating wavelength and trough this just can eliminate the influence of temperature in testing process, has realized need not the detection method of temperature compensation, and has simplified the one-piece construction of probe.
Compared with prior art, beneficial effect of the present invention is embodied in:
1. this sensor is a kind of non-contact magnetically coupling sensor based on Fiber Bragg Grating technology; There is not electric kind equipment in the working site; Therefore the danger of effectively having avoided electric factor to cause; Can be applied to inflammable and explosive place, and magnetic coupling sensing probe is low to the environmental aspect requirement, can in rugged surroundings such as high dust, high greasy dirt, use.
2. employing diaphragm structure, with respect to semi-girder and simple beam structure, the frequency dynamic response speed is fast, can carry out high frequency measurement.
3. adopt the displacement at maximum defluxion place, diaphragm center to be directly delivered to fiber grating, more easily by the fiber grating perception, sensitivity is higher with respect to the distortion that utilizes other orientation of diaphragm.
4. in this sensor, optical fiber is not only as sensitive element, and is the transmission medium of signal, makes that signal can low-loss even lossless long-distance transmissions, improved the remote detection ability and the accuracy of detection of sensor.
5. form closed coupled magnetic field between magnetic coupling probe and the testee, do not receive outside electromagnetic interference, and fiber grating has absolute anti-electromagnetic interference capability, so this sensing device anti-electromagnetic interference capability is strong.
6. aspect the signal demodulation; Adopt the relative variable that compares output wavelength signal wave crest and trough to realize detection to echo signal; This can eliminate the influence of temperature in testing process; Realized need not the detection method of temperature compensation, so pick-up unit temperature influence not, low temperature and hot environment can be adapted to.
7. the one-piece construction of probe is simple, is convenient to make and install.
Description of drawings:
Fig. 1 is a big machinery equipment fiber grating shock detection method fundamental diagram
Fig. 2 is a magnetic coupling sensing probe front view
Among the figure: 1-optical fiber grating regulating system, 2-fiber grating, 3-the 1st capillary tubing, 4-the 2nd capillary tubing, 5-metal sleeve, 6-metallic membrane, 7-connecting link, 8-magnetic coupling sensing probe, 8-a-connect soft iron, 8-b-the 1st magnet, 8-c-the 2nd magnet, 9-mounting bracket, 10-testee.
Embodiment:
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing the present invention is explained further details.
Contactless optical fiber grating detection of dynamic sensor integral installation structure: fiber grating 2 two ends are glued respectively in the 1st capillary tubing 3 and the 2nd capillary tubing 4 with glue; Wherein the 1st capillary tubing 3 links to each other with metal sleeve 5 one ends; The 2nd capillary tubing 4 links to each other with metallic membrane 6 central hard-cores; Metallic membrane 6 is welded on metal sleeve 5 other ends; In this installation process in the lump with fiber grating 2 pretensions; With the 1st magnet 8-b and the 2nd magnet 8-c through being connected the U type sensing probe that soft iron 8-a is connected to form---magnetic coupling sensing probe 8, magnetic coupling sensing probe 8 is connected with metallic membrane 6 central hard-cores through connecting link 7, so promptly constitutes contactless optical fiber grating detection of dynamic sensor.
When utilizing contactless optical fiber grating detection of dynamic sensor big machinery equipment to shake; With magnetic coupling sensing probe 8, metallic membrane 6, fiber grating 2 in the detecting sensor; Be connected successively with an optical fiber grating regulating system 1; Metal sleeve 5 in the detecting sensor is fixed on the mounting bracket 9, and magnetic coupling sensing probe 8 is confirmed the initial separation between magnetic coupling sensing probe 8 and the testee 10 facing to testee 10 through regulating mounting bracket 9.
Detect principle: in certain spacing range, can produce the coupled magnetic field of a sealing between magnetic coupling sensing probe 8 and the testee 10, the size of magnetic coupling force is relevant with spacing, and spacing is more little, and magnetic coupling force is big more.Magnetic coupling force deforms metallic membrane 6 through connecting link 7; By making fiber grating 2 produce deformation; Wave length shift through optical fiber grating regulating system 1 measuring optical fiber grating 2 draws the running status of testee 10 to judge the spacing between magnetic coupling sensing head 8 and the testee 10 with this.
When testee 10 ran well, the light wave of optical fiber grating regulating system 1 detected fiber grating 2 drift also was a steady change periodically; When testee 10 running statuses break down; Irregular variation also can take place in the spacing between magnetic coupling sensing head 8 and the testee 10; Cause the amount of deflection of magnetic coupling force, metallic membrane 6 and the wave length shift of fiber grating 2 that irregular variation also takes place thereupon; Last optical fiber grating regulating system 1 obtains the signal beyond the safety margin, and causes and report to the police.
Claims (1)
1. a big machinery is equipped fiber grating shock detection method; It is characterized in that: adopt a kind of contactless optical fiber grating detection of dynamic sensor; This sensor mainly is made up of magnetic coupling sensing probe (8) and optical fiber grating sensing probe two parts, and wherein the magnetic sensing probe (8) that is coupled is through being connected the U type sensing probe that soft iron (8-a) is connected to form by the 1st magnet (8-b) and the 2nd magnet (8-c); The optical fiber grating sensing probe is made up of fiber grating (2) and metallic membrane (6); Fiber grating (2) two ends are separately fixed in the 1st capillary tubing (3) and the 2nd capillary tubing (4); The 1st capillary tubing (3) is fixed in metal sleeve (5) one ends, and the 2nd capillary tubing (4) vertical fixing is in the hard-core position of metallic membrane (6) central authorities, and prestretched optical fiber; Metallic membrane (6) is fixed in metal sleeve (5) other end, and magnetic coupling sensing probe (8) is connected through the hard-core of connecting link (7) with metallic membrane (6) central authorities; Fiber grating shock detection method is; Be coupled sensing probe (8), metallic membrane (6), fiber grating (2) and an optical fiber grating regulating system (1) of magnetic is connected in turn; Metal sleeve (5) in its non-contacting sensor probe is fixed on the mounting bracket (9); Magnetic coupling sensing probe (8) is facing to testee (10); Confirm the initial separation between magnetic coupling sensing probe (8) and the testee (10) through regulating mounting bracket (9), make magnetic coupling U type probe form a closed magnetic circuit, magnetic coupling force takes place between magnetic coupling sensing probe (8) and the testee impel magnetic coupling sensing probe to be subjected to displacement variation with testee; And causing metallic membrane (6) to depart from original position successively and optic fiber grating wavelength drifts about, optical fiber grating regulating system obtains the optic fiber grating wavelength drift value and whole process is made analysis; It is to realize through the relatively crest of grating wavelength and the relative variable of trough that optical fiber grating regulating system is analyzed optic fiber grating wavelength drift, has eliminated the influence that temperature is drifted about to grating wavelength in testing process, need not temperature compensation.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201110063648XA CN102183292B (en) | 2011-03-17 | 2011-03-17 | Method and detection sensor for detecting optical fiber grating vibration of large-scale mechanized equipment |
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| CN201110063648XA CN102183292B (en) | 2011-03-17 | 2011-03-17 | Method and detection sensor for detecting optical fiber grating vibration of large-scale mechanized equipment |
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| CN102183292B true CN102183292B (en) | 2012-07-04 |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN103344317B (en) * | 2013-07-08 | 2016-08-10 | 武汉理工大学 | Non-contact optical fiber grating vibration sensor and vibration measurement device and method |
| CN104236471B (en) * | 2014-10-09 | 2016-11-16 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | The double FBG optical fibre vibration sensor of the Y type of coking tower hydraulic decoking on-line monitoring |
| CN106525299B (en) * | 2016-10-25 | 2019-04-30 | 武汉理工大学 | A kind of temperature self-compensation fiber grating Micro-force sensor and preparation method thereof |
| CN106525099B (en) * | 2016-10-28 | 2018-12-07 | 北京信息科技大学 | A kind of Non-contact optical fiber grating angle sensor and test method |
| CN108168467B (en) * | 2017-12-27 | 2021-03-19 | 北京信息科技大学 | FP interferometric angular transducer |
| CN109612393A (en) * | 2018-12-29 | 2019-04-12 | 北京信息科技大学 | A kind of Non-contact optical fiber grating displacement sensor and its preparation |
| CN109781242A (en) * | 2019-03-08 | 2019-05-21 | 京东方科技集团股份有限公司 | Hydrophone, hydrophone array and hydrophone system |
| CN111189527B (en) * | 2020-01-09 | 2021-10-19 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | Low-frequency vector hydrophone based on eddy current thickness measurement |
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| US5680489A (en) * | 1996-06-28 | 1997-10-21 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Optical sensor system utilizing bragg grating sensors |
| JP2005055450A (en) * | 2004-11-29 | 2005-03-03 | Kyowa Electron Instr Co Ltd | Optical fiber strain gage |
| CN101109649A (en) * | 2007-05-23 | 2008-01-23 | 武汉理工大学 | Optical fiber grating sensing measuring method and device for detecting running state of rotating machine |
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| US5680489A (en) * | 1996-06-28 | 1997-10-21 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Optical sensor system utilizing bragg grating sensors |
| JP2005055450A (en) * | 2004-11-29 | 2005-03-03 | Kyowa Electron Instr Co Ltd | Optical fiber strain gage |
| CN101189491A (en) * | 2005-05-17 | 2008-05-28 | 巴西石油公司 | Fiber optic position transducer with magnetostrictive material and position calibration process |
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