Background method
Leather industry is an ancient industry, it is that low output with the high investment of raw material and product is a feature, according to Britain leather association statistics, have only 20% raw material skin to change leather in the process hides, if count lining leather in, utilization rate also only is 31.5%, and remaining is because operations such as split, shaving, circle limit and buffing have formed solid waste.
Leather except adjusting the thickness of product by split, also needs to operate the thickness of controlling product by shaving in process of production, the thickness of leather products is suited the requirements, and make the thickness uniformity at whole each position of leather.The shaving operation of tanning production generally all is to be arranged in after the chrome tanning, and before retanning and the dyeing and fat-liquoring, therefore, the leather bits that the shaving operation produces all can contain chromic salts.Process about 1.5 hundred million standards of skin at present year according to China and open calculating, the annual shaving leather that produces is considered to be worth doing more than 400,000 tons, and the moisture of removing from office in the bits is about 50%, and chromium content is 2~4%.
The main component of leather bits is collagens, generally all is behind the collagen that extracts wherein, again residue is carried out landfill disposal.The collagen that extracts was because the protein content height had the illegal dairy product additive that is used as of report in the past, and purpose is the protein content that improves in the dairy products, but because the leather bits are industrial wastes, forbids being used as raw-food material, and present this way is stopped substantially.From shaving leather bits, extract the collagen chromium content that obtains by regular technology and can reach below the 10mg/kg, meet the limit standard of feed.But, therefore,, also can there be potential harm even the chromium content of collagen is very low from the security consideration of food chain because chromic salts can be accumulated in vivo.
Regenerated leather is the corium fabric that obtains after will leather castoff pulverizing with after binding agent and other auxiliary agent mix, through flocculation, the moulding of dewatering, bake, a kind of product that is similar to leather that operations such as split, flour milling embossing and covering with paint glazing obtain.The main component of regenerated leather is to pulverize corium fabric and the adhesive that forms by leather castoff, adds the material of some fibrous type sometimes again, just can obtain some special nature as synthetic fiber and cotton.Regenerated leather is mainly used in shoemaking industry, and the master who is used for making footwear also is used for case and bag industry with, the interior end, the end and slippers outer bottom etc., at the bottom of the frame as case and bag, school bag, briefcase, and is used for industrial leather, as packing leather, oil seal leather etc.
The conventional regeneration leather is to adopt the method that grinds, and will there be the shortcoming of three aspects in this:
1. raw-material selection problem
Generally can only adopt dried leather castoff, because wet shaving leather bits can't handle by grinding with the mode of selection by winnowing, thereby the conventional regeneration leather uses crust leather as raw material mostly, and wet shaving leather bits can't utilize.
2. production cost problem
Can there be the big problem of power consumption in the mode that employing grinds, the installed power of one cover pulverising apparatus is more than 80 kilowatt, comprise shredding machine, pulverizer and blower fan, and yield hourly only is about 15 kilograms, article one, the regenerated leather production line need be equipped with the above pulverising apparatus of 5 covers, and power cost is very high.
In addition, also use natural emulsion in some regenerated leather production, this several years natural emulsion prices are doubled, and cause cost to rise greatly.
3. strength problem
Because conventional regeneration leather is to obtain the corium fabric raw material by the mode of pulverizing, corium fabric is rubbed in the crushing process, causes the fibrous raw material that obtains shorter, more also can be more limited by the bonding regenerated leather intensity that obtains, thus influenced its Application Areas.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of regeneration corium fabric leather that utilizes the useless shaving leather of process hides bits to produce, and preparation method thereof, can make full use of the shaving leather bits that produce in the tanning production on the one hand, the heavy metal that prevents to remove from office in the bits works the mischief to environment, can provide a kind of novel material for market on the other hand, substitute double-layer fur leather product in some Application Areass, reduce production costs.
The preparation method of regeneration corium fabric leather provided by the invention mainly may further comprise the steps:
Step (1): wet method is opened fibre
The shaving leather bits that produce in the tanning production are produced by shaving machine, and fibre structure is more loose for leather, but still need be by mechanism, the corium fabric raw material that obtains disperseing.It is that the high speed swing roller that utilizes the surface to have draw point is directly opened fine the processing to the hygrometric state leather bits that shaving obtains that wet method is opened fibre, destroys the connection between the fiber in the leather bits, obtains corium fabric suede; For the bulky grain leather bits of opening fibre not yet in effect, can these bulky grains leather of opening fibre not yet in effect be considered to be worth doing by minute sieve apparatus and sieve out, open fibre again again.Hygrometric state leather bits of the present invention are meant the leather bits of the hygrometric state that shaving directly obtains in the process hides, perhaps moisture is counted the leather bits of 30~60wt% with gross weight, if moisture is low excessively, can bond between the corium fabric in the aste chromium bit, cause out fine difficulty, if moisture is too high, water can flow out from leather leftover, can cause holding fine operating difficulties.The diameter of the swing roller that uses can be 300~800mm among the present invention, and rotating speed is 500~2500rpm, and draw point length is 20~80mm, divides the screen cloth in the sieve apparatus can be 4~8 orders.
Step (2): waterpower is separated fibre
The mixed that the corium fabric suede that obtains behind the fibre and water are 1: 20~1: 100 by weight will be opened, under the effect of beater high speed rotation of blade, peptizaiton by current, fiber suede is further disperseed, destroy the aggtegation between the corium fabric, obtain homodisperse corium fabric aqueous dispersions.The blade diameter of the beater that the present invention is used can be 300~500mm, and rotating speed is 500~1500rpm, separates the fine time and decides on separating fine effect, is preferably 5~30 minutes.
Step (3): dyeing and fat-liquoring
Obtain adding in the aqueous dispersions of corium fabric dyestuff and by stirring in step (2), make corium fabric evenly painted, obtain required regenerated fiber leather color, simultaneously in the aqueous dispersions of corium fabric, add fatting agent, and make fatting agent evenly cover the corium fabric surface by stirring, corium fabric is lubricated, to obtain soft regeneration corium fabric leather product.Dyestuff and consumption thereof used in this step can be selected as required, as long as can obtain required color, in preferred acidic dyestuff, direct dyestuff and the premetallized dye one or more, consumption is the 0.5wt%~2wt% in the butt corium fabric.Fatting agent and consumption thereof used in this step can be selected as required, as long as can obtain required pliability, in preferred synthetic fat liquor, modified vegetable oil fatting agent and the modification animal oil fatting agent one or more, consumption are in 3%~15% of butt corium fabric weight.The time of dyeing and fat-liquoring is carried out suitable selection according to the dyeing and fat-liquoring effect, is preferably 10~60 minutes.
Step (4): through type mixes glue and lapping
Corium fabric aqueous dispersions behind the dyeing and fat-liquoring that continuous feeding step (3) is obtained in a container that keeps continuing to stir, and feed adhesive and flocculant continuously, stir and form the corium fabric slurry, simultaneously, the corium fabric slurry that obtains is continued to flow out, carrying out laying net for shaping in the lapping production line continuously, so that adhesive is adsorbed on the corium fabric surface, prevent that adhesive from excessively infiltrating corium fabric inside, thus obtained corium fabric slurry good uniformity, can prevent in traditional batch processing because the slurry that obtains is failed lapping continuously in time, cause corium fabric different with adhesive contact time and cause the difference of properties of product.Used adhesive can be selected various adhesive commonly used in the regenerated leather field in this step, one or more of preferred acrylic resins emulsion binding agent, polyaminoester emulsion adhesive, styrene-butadiene latex, NBR latex and natural rubber Ruzhong, its consumption can be selected according to actual needs, be preferably in the butt corium fabric heavy 5%~40%.Used flocculant can be selected various flocculants commonly used in the regenerated leather field in this step, in optimization polypropylene acid amides, aluminium polychloride, the poly-ferric chloride one or more, its consumption can be selected according to actual needs, preferable amount in the butt corium fabric heavy 0.05~0.5%.The time of staying of corium fabric slurry in stirred vessel is preferably 5~30 minutes in this step.
In order to improve the intensity of gained regeneration corium fabric leather, can be in the laying net for shaping process, compound one deck strengthens net in the corium fabric slurry, strengthens the intermediate layer that net can be compounded in fabric leather, also can be compounded on the side surface of fabric leather.When needs are compounded in regeneration corium fabric leather intermediate layer with the enhancing net, can cover the enhancing net more in the above earlier with part slurry laying net for shaping, spread slurry on the net in enhancing again, carry out the processing of subsequent step then.The material of the enhancing net that the present invention is used can be nylon, polypropylene fibre, polyethylene, terylene or cotton, and the specification that strengthens net is 4~20 orders.When needs are compounded in regeneration corium fabric leather one side surface with the enhancing net, can cover the enhancing net more in the above earlier with the slurry laying net for shaping, carry out the processing of subsequent step then.
Step (5): the shaping and drying of regeneration corium fabric leather
The corium fabric slurry filtering moisture that step (4) is obtained, and further remove moisture by vacuum dehydration and mechanical water squeezing makes between the corium fabric by the effect moulding of adhesive, obtains hygrometric state regenerated fiber leather base.The hygrometric state regenerated fiber that obtains leather base continuously by micro-wave drying, is evenly removed moisture, and moisture is further removed in oven dry again, make between the fiber further combined with, obtaining in the gross weight moisture is 5%~15% dry state regeneration corium fabric leather base.
Step (6): back arrangement
The back arrangement of dry state regeneration corium fabric leather base comprises pressing, buffing, moves processing such as film and non-essential embossing.Pressing is to use ironing machine to keep for 10 seconds under 100 atmospheric pressure, with regenerated fiber leather typing, obtains surface smoothing, the corium fabric leather product of regenerating uniformly; Buffing is to use 100~No. 300 sand paper with the fabric leather surface rubbing; Move film and be adopt synthetic leather production method at regenerated leather surface coverage one deck synthetic resin film, the optimization polyurethane film, the method for moving film comprises that wet method moves film, wet method and move behind the film that dry method is moved film or dry method is moved film again; Embossing is to move the required decorative pattern of film surface extrusion, improves the outward appearance of regeneration corium fabric leather.
Particular content of the present invention is as follows:
1, a kind of method of utilizing process hides leather leftover production regeneration corium fabric leather, it may further comprise the steps:
(1) wet method is opened fibre: the high speed swing roller that utilizes the surface to have draw point is directly opened fine the processing to the shaving leather leftover of hygrometric state, destroys the connection between the fiber in the leather leftover, obtains corium fabric suede;
(2) waterpower is separated fibre: will open the mixed that the corium fabric suede that obtains behind the fibre and water are 1: 20~1: 100 by weight in beater, obtain homodisperse corium fabric aqueous dispersions;
(3) dyeing and fat-liquoring: obtain adding in the aqueous dispersions of corium fabric dyestuff and fatting agent in step (2), obtain corium fabric aqueous dispersions behind the dyeing and fat-liquoring by stirring;
(4) through type mixes glue and lapping: the corium fabric aqueous dispersions feed the resulting dyeing and fat-liquoring of step (3) continuously in a container that keeps continuing to stir after, and feed adhesive and flocculant continuously, stir and form the corium fabric slurry, simultaneously, continue to flow out with stirring the corium fabric slurry that obtains, carrying out lapping in the lapping production line continuously;
(5) shaping and drying of regeneration corium fabric leather: with step (4) by mixing the corium fabric slurry filtering moisture that glue and lapping obtain, and further remove moisture by vacuum dehydration and mechanical water squeezing, make the effect moulding of passing through adhesive between the corium fabric simultaneously, obtain hygrometric state regenerated fiber leather base, the hygrometric state regenerated fiber leather base that obtains is passed through micro-wave drying continuously, evenly remove moisture, further remove moisture by oven dry again, make between the fiber further combined with, obtaining in the gross weight moisture is 5%~15% dry state regeneration corium fabric leather base;
(6) back arrangement: the ironing of dry state regeneration corium fabric leather base, buffing that step (5) is obtained, and adopt wet method to move film and/or dry method and move the method for film and form one deck synthetic resin film on its surface, obtain the corium fabric leather of regenerating.
2, as 1 described method, in step (4), compound one deck strengthens net in the corium fabric leather slurry, and described enhancing net can be compounded in the intermediate layer of regeneration corium fabric leather, also can be compounded on the side surface of regeneration corium fabric leather; When needs are compounded in regeneration corium fabric leather intermediate layer with described enhancing net, earlier with the lapping of part corium fabric leather slurry, cover described enhancing net more thereon, spread the corium fabric leather slurry on the net in described enhancing again, carry out the processing of subsequent step then; When needs are compounded in regeneration corium fabric leather one side surface with described enhancing net, earlier with the lapping of corium fabric leather slurry, cover the enhancing net more in the above, carry out the processing of subsequent step then.
3, as 1 described method, stirring the time of staying of corium fabric slurry in stirred vessel that obtains in the step (4) is 5~30 minutes.
4, as 1 described method, the dyestuff in the step (3) is selected from one or more in ACID DYES, direct dyestuff and the premetallized dye, and consumption is 0.5~2wt% in the corium fabric weight of butt; Used fatting agent is selected from one or more in synthetic fat liquor, modified vegetable oil fatting agent and the modification animal oil fatting agent, and consumption is 3~15wt% in the corium fabric weight of butt.
5, as 1 described method, adhesive in the step (4) is selected from one or more of emulsion acrylic resin adhesive, polyaminoester emulsion adhesive, styrene-butadiene latex, NBR latex and natural rubber Ruzhong, and its consumption is in 5 heavy~40wt% of the corium fabric of butt; Flocculant is selected from one or more in polyacrylamide, aluminium polychloride, the poly-ferric chloride, and its consumption is in 0.05 heavy~0.5wt% of the corium fabric of butt.
6, as 1 described method, the material of the enhancing net in the step (5) is nylon, polypropylene fibre, polyethylene, terylene or cotton, and the specification that strengthens net is 4~20 orders.
7, by one of 1~6 the preparation-obtained regeneration corium fabric leather of method.
8, the purposes of described regeneration corium fabric leather in shoemaking industry, case and bag industry or belt industry.
Regeneration corium fabric leather provided by the invention has higher intensity, and this is because method provided by the invention has been taked following measure:
1. the present invention does not use the method for pulverizing, adds that waterpower separates fine method and prepare corium fabric but adopt wet method to open fibre, and the corium fabric that obtains is not damaged substantially, has kept the original length of fiber, thereby can obtain the regenerated fiber leather of higher-strength.Adopt the method for dry size reduction during traditional regenerated leather is produced, the corium fabric in the leather leftover is rubbed, and the fibre length that obtains is shorter.
2. the present invention's compound one deck in the fibre stuff laying net for shaping strengthens net, and corium fabric can be closed by adhesive and enhancing anastomose in the leather, has improved the intensity of regenerated fiber leather greatly.
3. the present invention has adopted through type to mix glue and continuous laying net for shaping method, lack and homogeneous and controllable the contact time of adhesive and corium fabric, make adhesive mainly be combined in fiber surface, improved the bonding force between the fiber, thereby improved the intensity of regenerated fiber leather, the properties of product difference that causes owing to the contact time of adhesive and corium fabric is inhomogeneous in the time of can preventing traditional batch processing.
In addition, the method that the present invention does not adopt tradition to pulverize can reduce the power consumption in the corium fabric preparation significantly, reaches purpose of energy saving.
Specific implementation method
The present invention is further illustrated below in conjunction with embodiment.
Embodiment 1
(1) leather leftover open fibre: use fibre separating machine that leather leftover is opened fibre, the fibre separating machine diameter of cylinder is 400mm, and rotating speed is 2000rpm, and draw point length is 40mm, use 4 purpose screen clothes to split the fiber suede that fibre obtains and carry out sub-sieve, unsifted leather leftover is proceeded out fibre.
(2) corium fabric suede separate fibre: will open the corium fabric suede that obtains behind the fibre and mix making beating with water at 1: 50 in butt weight, and obtain the corium fabric aqueous dispersions, the blade diameter of beater is 300mm, and rotating speed is 1440rpm, and the time is 10 minutes.
(3) dyeing and fat-liquoring of corium fabric: in the aqueous dispersions of corium fabric, add, and stirred 25 minutes, make evenly painted and stuffing of corium fabric in the acid red brown dye of fiber butt weight 0.6wt% and the synthetic fat liquor of 12wt%.
(4) through type mixes glue and lapping: corium fabric dispersion liquid, styrene-butadiene latex and polyacrylamide flocculant in stirred vessel behind the lasting feeding dyeing and fat-liquoring, and the lasting corium fabric slurry that flows out, consumption by control flow velocity control styrene-butadiene latex is the 7wt% of corium fabric butt weight, the consumption of polyacrylamide flocculant is the 0.05wt% of fiber butt weight meter, and the time of staying of slurry in stirred vessel is 5 minutes.
With the lapping on the fourdrinier wire of running continuously of corium fabric slurry, the drainage that continues to flow out, compound in the above again one deck specification is 4 purpose nylon wires, spread one deck corium fabric slurry more on the net, drainage, vacuum dehydration and mechanical water squeezing remove the most of moisture in the corium fabric slurry then;
(5) drying of regeneration corium fabric leather: the method for employing through type micro-wave drying is removed the moisture in the fiber, by the drying tunnel drying, obtains dried regeneration corium fabric leather base then.
(6) the back arrangement of regenerated fiber leather: the corium fabric leather base of will regenerating pressed 10 minutes under 100 atmospheric pressure, re-used the sand paper buffing No. 100, and adopted wet method to move film method in regenerated leather surface coverage one deck polyurethane film, embossing then.
Embodiment 2
(1) leather leftover open fibre: use fibre separating machine that leather leftover is opened fibre, the fibre separating machine diameter of cylinder is 700mm, and rotating speed is 600rpm, and draw point length is 60mm, use 6 purpose screen clothes to split the fiber suede that fibre obtains and carry out sub-sieve, unsifted leather leftover is proceeded out fibre.
(2) corium fabric suede separate fibre: will open the corium fabric suede that obtains behind the fibre and mix making beating with water at 1: 80 in butt weight, and obtain the corium fabric aqueous dispersions, the blade diameter of beater is 500mm, and rotating speed is 700rpm, and the time is 25 minutes.
(3) dyeing and fat-liquoring of corium fabric: in the aqueous dispersions of corium fabric, add, and stirred 45 minutes, make evenly painted and stuffing of corium fabric in the direct black dyes of fiber butt weight 1.5% and 6% modified colza fatting agent.
(4) through type mixes glue and lapping: corium fabric dispersion liquid, emulsion acrylic resin adhesive and flocculant of polymeric aluminium chloride in stirred vessel behind the lasting feeding dyeing and fat-liquoring, and the lasting corium fabric slurry that flows out, consumption by control flow velocity control emulsion acrylic resin is 30% of a fibre weight, the consumption of flocculant of polymeric aluminium chloride is 0.5% of a fibre weight, and the time of staying of slurry in stirred vessel is 25 minutes.
With the lapping on the fourdrinier wire of running continuously of corium fabric slurry, the drainage that continues to flow out, compound in the above again one deck specification is 16 purpose polypropylene fibre nets, spread one deck corium fabric slurry more on the net, drainage, vacuum dehydration and mechanical water squeezing remove the most of moisture in the corium fabric slurry then;
(5) drying of regeneration corium fabric leather: the method for employing through type micro-wave drying is removed the moisture in the fiber, by the drying tunnel drying, obtains dried regeneration corium fabric leather base then.
(6) the back arrangement of regenerated fiber leather: the corium fabric leather base of will regenerating pressed for 10 seconds under 100 atmospheric pressure, re-used the sand paper buffing No. 300, and adopted wet method to move film method in regenerated leather surface coverage one deck polyurethane film, embossing then.