CN102180749A - Compound fertilizer capable of reducing cadmium lead content of vegetables in slightly contaminated vegetable field and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Compound fertilizer capable of reducing cadmium lead content of vegetables in slightly contaminated vegetable field and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN102180749A CN102180749A CN2011100515983A CN201110051598A CN102180749A CN 102180749 A CN102180749 A CN 102180749A CN 2011100515983 A CN2011100515983 A CN 2011100515983A CN 201110051598 A CN201110051598 A CN 201110051598A CN 102180749 A CN102180749 A CN 102180749A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a compound fertilizer capable of reducing cadmium lead content of vegetables in a slightly contaminated vegetable field and a preparation method thereof. The compound fertilizer is prepared from urea, ammonium chloride, ammonium nitrate, diammonium phosphate, a nitric phosphate potassium fertilizer, a calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, potassium chloride, sepiolite, kaolin, bentonite and power plant slag in a ratio. The preparation method for the compound fertilizer comprises the following steps of: A, preparing the sepiolite; B, preparing the kaolin; C, preparing the bentonite; D, preparing the power plant slag; and E, mixing the raw materials prepared in the steps A, B, C and D with the urea, the ammonium chloride, the ammonium nitrate, the diammonium phosphate, the nitric phosphate potassium fertilizer, the calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and the potassium chloride in the ratio, and performing production processing to prepare the compound fertilizer. The compound fertilizer is mainly characterized by comprising 36.5 to 43.5 percent of passivator which can effectively reduce active state cadmium lead content of soil and cadmium lead content of the vegetables, and 30 percent of nutrients of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, so that the active state cadmium and lead contents of the soil in the slightly contaminated vegetable field are reduced by 41.3 to 52.3 percent and 36.0 to 58.5 percent respectively, the cadmium content and the lead content of vegetable products are reduced by 30.1 to 52.8 percent and 27.9 to 51.0 percent respectively, and the compound fertilizer is suitable to be popularized and applied to many heavy metal contaminated areas.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to agricultural environment child care and recovery technique field, what more specifically relate to is a kind of compound fertilizer that can effectively reduce slight pollution vegetable plot vegetables cadmium lead content, also relate to a kind of preparation method who reduces the compound fertilizer of slight pollution vegetable plot vegetables cadmium lead content simultaneously, be applicable to that the vast heavy metal contamination area geographic vegetables of especially slight cadmium Lead contamination produce.
Background technology
Along with the continuous propelling of industrialization and urbanization, China's heavy metal pollution of soil problem more and more is subjected to people's great attention.According to related data, phase at beginning of the eighties in last century China cultivated area 2,670,000 hm only of being subjected to heavy metal contaminations such as cadmium, lead, mercury, arsenic, chromium, nickel
2, just be increased to 6,670,000 hm in the time of 1988
2, surpassed 1,000 ten thousand hm to last century end
2, broken through 2,000 ten thousand hm at present
2, account for 20% of whole cultivated areas.Even more serious is that the heavy metal contamination of China's basic farmland is also quite serious.According to national environmental protection portion in recent years to 300,000 hm
2The sampling monitoring result of basic farmland protection district soil harmful heavy metal has been found 3.6 ten thousand hm
2Heavy metal content in soil exceed standard, exceeding standard rate is up to 12.1%.
The pollution of heavy metal-polluted soil has directly caused exceeding standard of agricultural-food heavy metal content.According to existing disclosed documents and materials report, the exceeding standard rate of the suburbs, Hangzhou vegetables cadmium, copper, mercury, zinc is respectively 28%, 15%, 59% and 4%; The exceeding standard rate of Changsha vegetables heavy metal is 50%; The suburbs, Shenyang Chinese cabbage exceeding standard rate plumbous and cadmium is respectively 100% and 58%, and cucumber cadmium, mercury, plumbous exceeding standard rate are respectively 73%, 27% and 18%; The exceeding standard rate of suburbs, Tianjin vegetables cadmium is 40%; The exceeding standard rate of Nanning City's vegetables cadmium and mercury is respectively 92% and 50%; The exceeding standard rate of Baoshan District, Shanghai vegetables lead and cadmium is respectively up to 82% and 54%; The content of Wenzhou City's vegetables cadmium surpasses 1.7 times of national standards, and fruit is 1.6 times; The 9 kinds of vegetables in Chengdu exceeding standard rate plumbous and cadmium is respectively 22% and 29%; Chongqing City's paddy rice cadmium, plumbous exceeding standard rate are 25-50%, and corn lead content exceeding standard rate is that the exceeding standard rate of 22-66%, cadmium and mercury is 11%; Bulk vegetable cadmium, the plumbous exceeding standard rate in domestic Xiang River basin, Hunan have all surpassed 10%, and the exceeding standard rate that the Pearl River Delta beach is enclosed and cultivated farming district rice nickel, lead, chromium, cadmium reaches 48.3%, 28.9%, 12.3% and 2.6% respectively.According to another the measurement result of units such as the tealeaves institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences and the Ministry of Agriculture, the plumbous exceeding standard rate of tealeaves of mainly producing the tea district in recent years is increase trend.The plumbous exceeding standard rate of tealeaves sample was 12.5% in 1999, and calendar year 2001 then rises to 25%.
At present, the pollution situation of China's heavy metal-polluted soil has badly influenced the healthy of farmland quality, food safety and even the mankind.In the annual meetings in 2010 that China Council for International Cooperation on Environment and Development's (being called for short " state credit union ") holds; the special numerous common people of prompting of the specialist paper that project team of state credit union " research of Chinese soil Environment Protection Policy " submits to and relevant departments: heavy metal pollution of soil has reached one by the serious key point of paying close attention to of country, need take urgent and secular improvement action immediately.As for the concrete action scheme, generally be different pollution levels according to soil, according to the general thought of " (food chain) transformation of the way is cut off in slight pollution agronomy regulation and control-intermediate pollution Passivation Treatment-serious pollution ", the comprehensive regulation of comprehensively carrying out heavy-metal contaminated soil utilizes with improvement.
Making a general survey of the Comprehensive Treatment Practice in slight pollution vegetable plot, is the agriculture safe utilization of realizing heavy-metal contaminated soil by agronomic measures such as reform water and fertilizer management mode, adjustment cropping systems mostly.But it is very rare that the research report of soil heavy metal passivants such as sepiolite, fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate, kaolin is used in the slight pollution vegetable plot.Traced it to its cause three: one, the agricultural product quality and safety problem that the slight pollution vegetable plot is caused fails to cause extensive attention; The 2nd, present heavy metal-polluted soil passivating technique is disposable deposit application technique basically, promptly disposable (hundreds of at least kilograms, the 2-3t at most) soil heavy metal passivant of using in a large number, and too high because of cost, the peasant is difficult for accepting; The 3rd, being defined in of slight pollution vegetable plot is difficult in the actually operating hold.
The research of soil heavy metal passivant on moderate and serious pollution soil has been subjected to extensive concern with application, and has begun to take shape the soil heavy metal passivant of eight big classifications such as alkaline species material, organic materials and composite passivant such as clay mineral, phosphate fertilizer class material, iron and manganese oxides, the plain class material of silicon, trace element fertilizer, iron and manganese oxides.The soil heavy metal passivant of clay mineral class commonly used comprises the more kaolin of sepiolite, montmorillonite, bentonite, rhombspar, attapulgite and argillaceous mineral, wilkinite etc.The soil heavy metal passivant of the most frequently used phosphate fertilizer class is a fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate, other thomas phosphate, ground phosphate rock, tertiary iron phosphate aluminium salt etc. in addition.
Sepiolite is a kind of fibrous hydrous magnesium silicate mineral, and its standard crystal chemical formula is Mg8 (H
2O)
4[Si
6O
16]
2(OH)
48H
2O, its SiO
2Generally between the 54-60%, in the many scopes at 21-25% of MgO content, hardness is 2-2.5 ° to content, and density is 1-2.2g/cm
3, specific surface area is big, has extremely strong adsorptive power and ion-exchange performance, and its formative nature, anti-salinity etc. are all very good, and the purposes on agricultural is very extensive.The present patent application person is since 2006 bear relevant items such as central rings guarantor special fund, national supporting plan, system has carried out the research of sepiolite to the adsorption-desorption feature of cadmium and influence factor thereof etc., and the tackling key problem that is applied to the based technique for in-situ remediation etc. of heavy-metal contaminated soil.Result of study shows: (1) sepiolite is a process fast to the absorption of cadmium, and its maximal absorptive capacity is 2290mg/kg, and adsorption process is based on physical adsorption and ion-exchange absorption.When pH value of solution＜4, the pH value reduces can obviously reduce the adsorptive capacity of sepiolite to cadmium; PH＞4 o'clock, the pH value is less to the influence of sepiolite adsorptive capacity.Accompany ionic strength (Na
+And NO
3-) increase can suppress the absorption of sepiolite to cadmium.(2) add sepiolite and can effectively strengthen loading capacity and the intensity (increase 17-60%) of soil to cadmium, reduce the desorption efficiency (being up to 25%) of its absorption cadmium, its effect strengthens with the increase of sepiolite addition.(3) add the effectively activated state cadmium content (DTPA extracts cadmium reduction 7-59%) in the passivation soil of sepiolite, its effect strengthens with the increase of sepiolite addition, and is subjected to the influence of Soil Moisture bigger.Under 45%WHC and two kinds of moisture conditions of 110%WHC, add sepiolite and make the content of exchange state cadmium in the soil significantly reduce (maximum decreases by 55%), carbonate combined and iron and manganese oxides combined cadmium content significantly increase (maximum amplification reaches 232% and 329% respectively).(4) adding sepiolite and can significantly improve pH in soil, reduce its Eh value, is the major reason that causes cadmium metamorphosis in the soil.(5) use the content that sepiolite can significantly reduce cadmium in the validity of cadmium in the slight pollution soil and the agricultural-food.Field test results shows, uses sepiolite and iron and manganese oxides and makes soil pH value improve 0.3-2.0, and the ratio of acid extraction attitude cadmium reduces 3-15%, the corresponding raising of ratio of reducible attitude cadmium and residual form.The variation of soil cadmium form has effectively suppressed the absorption of crop to cadmium: the paddy rice content of each several part cadmium on the ground significantly reduces, brown rice has reduced that 15.0-48.8%, rice husk have reduced 25.0-60.2%, straw has reduced 19.0-53.4%, and the cadmium content of radish stem and Folium Raphani reduces 10.0-58.3% and 10.8-50.0% respectively.Its effect is sepiolite+iron and manganese oxides＞sepiolite＞iron and manganese oxides, and its effect all strengthens with the increase of consumption.(6) execute sepiolite and iron and manganese oxides output, biomass, and cadmium has no significant effect in the paddy rice and the intravital regularity of distribution of radish to paddy rice, radish.In addition, the present patent application person also systematic study improvement such as fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate utilize the effect and the mechanism of action thereof of heavy-metal contaminated soil.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of compound fertilizer that reduces slight pollution vegetable plot vegetables cadmium lead content.It is at reasonable disposition nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P
2O
5), potassium (K
2O) etc. on the basis of nutrient quantity and ratio, give full play to material multi-functionals in the present invention such as fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate, kaolin, wilkinite, plant slag, the effective material that reduces soil activation attitude cadmium lead content such as sepiolite, fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate, kaolin, wilkinite, plant slag of selecting for use as much as possible had both had the production function (N+P of fertilizer as passivator
2O
5+ K
2The total nutrient content of O reaches 30.0%), the environmental conservation and the repairing effect (total amount of sepiolite+fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate+kaolin+wilkinite+soil heavy metal passivants such as plant slag is at 36.5-43.5%) that have in-situ passivation soil activation attitude cadmium lead again, scientific formulation, rationally, make the soil activation attitude cadmium in slight cadmium Lead contamination vegetable plot, lead content descended respectively 41.3-52.3% and 36.0-58.5%, also make simultaneously the cadmium in the vegetable products, lead content descended respectively 30.1-52.8% and 27.9-51.0%, and basic controlling is in the scope of country's " pollutent is limited the quantity of (GB2672-2005) in the food " standard, and especially slight cadmium Lead contamination area has huge application value in vast heavy metal contamination area.Slight pollution of the present invention vegetable plot is meant activated state cadmium content (in exchange state the Cd)＜0.60mg/kg of soil, the vegetables production field of activated state lead content (in exchange state Pb)＜400mg/kg (down together); The reduced rate of described soil activation attitude cadmium lead content and vegetable products cadmium lead content is calculated by formula " (1-uses soil activation attitude cadmium lead (or the vegetable products cadmium lead) content that soil activation attitude cadmium lead (or vegetable products cadmium lead) content ÷ behind the product of the present invention does not use product of the present invention) * 100% ".
Another object of the present invention has been to provide a kind of preparation method who reduces the compound fertilizer of slight pollution vegetable plot vegetables cadmium lead content; simple to operate; easy to implement the method, technical maturity need not acquired new equipment (executing) and can carry out the production of mass-producing merchant (product) product in existing composite fertilizer manufacturer.
In order to realize above-mentioned target and task, the present invention has adopted following technical measures:
A kind of compound fertilizer that reduces slight pollution vegetable plot vegetables cadmium lead content, it is made by the massfraction of following raw material:
A kind of preferred version (scope) that reduces slight pollution vegetable plot vegetables cadmium lead content compound fertilizer of the present invention is:
A kind of preferred plan that reduces slight pollution vegetable plot vegetables cadmium lead content compound fertilizer of the present invention is:
A kind of compound fertilizer that reduces slight pollution vegetable plot vegetables cadmium lead content of the present invention, the massfraction of its following five key ingredients constitutes:
A. soil heavy metal passivant (sepiolite+iron and manganese oxides+fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate+kaolin+wilkinite+plant slag) total amount is between 36.5-43.5%, wherein: the content range of sepiolite is 25.0-32.5%, fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate, kaolin, wilkinite and plant slag be respectively 2.0-9.5%, 2.1-2.4%, 0.5-0.7% and 1.9-2.3%;
B. total nutrient (N+P
2O
5+ K
2O) content is 30.0% (the maximum plus deviation of permission is 0.6%, negative deviation be 0), and N-P
2O
5-K
2The nutrient formula of O meets 12-10-8, or 13-9-8, or 14-8-8, or 14-8-6;
C. water-soluble phosphorus content is (with P
2O
5Meter) accounts for the available phosphorus total amount (with P
2O
5Meter) percentage is between 60.0-65.0%;
D. moisture content is (with H
2The O meter)≤5.0%;
E. chloride ion content is (with Cl
-Meter)＜10.0%.
Seven kinds of raw materials such as urea of the present invention, ammonium chloride, ammonium nitrate, diammonium phosphate, phosphorus-potassium nitrate fertilizer, fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate and Repone K all are conventional commercial fertilizers, and its major function is to provide nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P for vegetables produce
2O
5), potassium (K
2O) three big main nutrient elements and calcium, magnesium, three kinds of less important nutritive elements of sulphur.Simultaneously, the fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate in the prescription also is one of passivator that effectively reduces the active the most frequently used phosphate fertilizer class of heavy metals such as soil cadmium, lead, can consolidate and strengthen the effect that the present invention reduces vegetables cadmium, lead content.
Sepiolite of the present invention is a kind of fibrous hydrous magnesium silicate mineral, SiO
2Generally between the 54-60%, in the many scopes at 21-25% of MgO content, its chemical formula is Mg8 (H to content
2O)
4[Si
6O
16]
2(OH)
48H
2O, specific surface area is big, have extremely strong adsorptive power and ion-exchange performance, be present the most frequently used a kind of passivator that reduces the clay mineral class of soil activation attitude cadmium lead content, it is made through mechanical ball milling by its raw ore, shared in the present invention massfraction is 25.0-32.5%, can make the soil activation attitude cadmium in slight cadmium Lead contamination vegetable plot, lead content descend respectively 41.3-52.3% and 36.0-58.5%, also make simultaneously the cadmium in the vegetable products, lead content descend respectively 30.1-52.8% and 27.9-51.0%, and basic controlling is in the scope of country's " pollutent is limited the quantity of (GB2672-2005) in the food " standard.
Kaolin of the present invention, wilkinite and three kinds of raw materials of plant slag are the present invention for adapting to the granulating and forming amendment of a kind of compound fertilizer that commercialization scale production independent research goes out, and it accounts for massfraction of the present invention and should be controlled in 5%.Wherein: kaolin is that a kind of viscosity is big, plasticity-and associativity is strong, drying property is good moisture clay pit, and its main component is Al
2O
3With SiO
2, chemical formula is Al
2O
32SiO
22H
2O, major function in the present invention is the binding agent as granulating and forming in the product processing, its consumption should be controlled in the scope of 2.1-2.4%; Bentonitic main component is a montmorillonite, also is moisture clay pit, and its chemical formula is (Al
2Mg
3) Si
4O
10OH
2NH
2O, have properties such as extremely strong swelling, cohesiveness, adsorptivity, thixotropy, suspension and cationic exchange, major function in the present invention is the lubricant as granulating and forming in the product processing, and its consumption should be controlled in the scope of 0.5-0.7%; The main component of plant slag is the oxide compound of silicon, calcium, magnesium, iron, manganese etc., its SiO
2Content generally between 60-70%, CaO+MgO+MnO
2+ Fe
2O
3Deng content also many in the scope of 15-20%, have bigger hardness and extremely strong water-absorbent, major function in the present invention is the enhancing-siccative as granulating and forming in the product processing, its consumption should be controlled in the scope of 1.9-2.3%.Simultaneously, kaolin, wilkinite and three kinds of raw materials of plant slag also are the passivator commonly used that effectively reduces soil activation attitude cadmium lead content, can consolidate and strengthen the effect that the present invention reduces vegetables cadmium, lead content.
A kind of preparation method who reduces slight pollution vegetable plot vegetables cadmium lead content compound fertilizer the steps include:
A. sepiolite preparation: it is standby to select for use the sepiolite raw ore to cross the 100-140 mesh sieve through ball milling.Sepiolite raw ore of the present invention, the sepiolite content that it contains must reach 80-99%, heavy metal cadmium and plumbous content (respectively in Cd, Pb) all should≤5mg/kg, moisture content is (with H
2The O meter) answers≤1.5%.
B. kaolin preparation: it is standby to select for use the kaolin raw ore to cross the 100-140 mesh sieve through ball milling.Kaolin raw ore of the present invention, the kaolin content that it contains must reach 80-99%, heavy metal cadmium and plumbous content (respectively in Cd, Pb) all should≤5mg/kg, moisture content is (with H
2The O meter) answers≤2.5%.
C. wilkinite preparation: it is standby to select for use the wilkinite raw ore to cross the 100-140 mesh sieve through ball milling.Wilkinite raw ore of the present invention, its smectite content that contains must reach 80-99%, heavy metal cadmium and plumbous content (respectively in Cd, Pb) all should≤5mg/kg, moisture content is (with H
2The O meter) answers≤2.5%.
D. plant slag preparation: it is standby that the slag in collection fuel-burning power plant is crossed the 30-40 mesh sieve through ball milling.The slag in fuel-burning power plant of the present invention, the SiO that it contains
2Content must reach 60-70%, CaO+MgO+MnO
2+ Fe
2O
3Four sums must reach 15-20%, heavy metal cadmium and plumbous content (respectively in Cd, Pb) all should≤5mg/kg, moisture content is (with H
2The O meter) answers≤1.0%.
E. raw material and urea, ammonium chloride, ammonium nitrate, diammonium phosphate, phosphorus-potassium nitrate fertilizer, fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate and the Repone K with above-mentioned preparation mixes in proportion, carry out process for processing (referring to the 108th page of " agricultural modernization research " the 18th the 2nd phase of volume) by the compound fertilizer process flow process of extruder grain, promptly become a kind of composite fertilizer that reduces slight pollution vegetable plot vegetables cadmium lead content.The present invention compared with prior art has the following advantages and effect:
A. product of the present invention not only contains 30.0% nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P
2O
5), potassium (K
2Nutrient content such as O), but also contain a series of passivator (wherein sepiolite content is 25.0-32.5%) such as the sepiolite that can effectively reduce soil activation attitude cadmium lead content, fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate, kaolin, wilkinite, plant slag of 36.5-43.5%, the production function that had both had fertilizer, having the environmental conservation and the repairing effect of in-situ passivation soil activation attitude cadmium, lead again, is a kind of multi-functional environmentally friendly machine.It makes soil activation attitude cadmium, the lead content in slight cadmium Lead contamination vegetable plot descended respectively 41.3-52.3% and 36.0-58.5%, also make simultaneously cadmium, lead content in the vegetable products descended respectively 30.1-52.8% and 27.9-51.0%, and basic controlling is in the scope of country's " pollutent is limited the quantity of (GB2672-2005) in the food " standard, thereby realized the target of the agriculture safe utilization in slight pollution vegetable plot.
B. product of the present invention is according to the principle of fertilization compositions based on earth measurement and balance fertilizing etc., on the basis that has taken into full account different sorts vegetables fertile characteristic of need and othernesses such as Different Soil nutrient situation and feeder capability, 12-10-8,13-9-8,14-8-8 and four kinds of N-P of 14-8-6 have been designed respectively
2O
5-K
2The nutrient matching model of O, go up and use in capsicum (representative solanaceous vegetables), radish (representative rhizome vegetable), Chinese cabbage (representing comparatively long leafy vegetables breeding time) and Plantula Brassicae chinensis (representing comparatively short leafy vegetables breeding time), can effectively reduce the especially input of the rare agricultural resource-potassium of China of nutrients such as phosphorus, potassium.Compare with habits fertilization (16-16-12) processing that waits the nitrogen amount to use, use product of the present invention can reduce 16.7-42.8%P
2O
5With 11.1-43.0%K
2The nutrient input of O.
C. the present invention removes and guarantees nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P the selecting for use of raw material
2O
5), potassium (K
2O) three breeding dosis refractas meet outside the compulsory execution standard (GB 15063-2009) of national compound fertilizer with formation, give full play to fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate, kaolin, wilkinite, the multi-functional of four kinds of materials of plant slag (fertilizer efficiency and the deactivation function that have concurrently as fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate, the binding agent that kaolin has concurrently and the function of passivator ...), select sepiolite and fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate as much as possible for use, kaolin, wilkinite, materials such as plant slag, not only increased the kind of the soil heavy metal passivant among the present invention, quantity and proportion thereof, and consolidate and strengthened the present invention and reduce the vegetables cadmium, the effect of lead content.
D. raw material sources of the present invention are extensive; can accomplish scale production by the production of compound fertilizer technology of conventional extruder grain; technology maturation, technology are easy, need not acquire new equipment (executing) and can carry out scale production in existing composite fertilizer manufacturer, and popularizing application prospect is extremely wide.
E. the present invention is with fertilization compositions based on earth measurement, balance fertilizing, agricultural environment child care such as the agriculture safe utilization of heavy-metal contaminated soil and recovery technique organically blend, and by the popularization of demonstrating of " skill (technology)-thing (product) " combination, effectively reduce the cadmium in the vegetable products of slight pollution vegetable plot, lead content (reduced rate reaches 30.1-52.8% and 27.9-51.0% respectively), and basic controlling is the important channel of realizing especially slight cadmium Lead contamination vegetable plot, heavy metal contamination vegetable plot agricultural safe utilization in the scope of country's " pollutent is limited the quantity of (GB2672-2005) in the food " standard.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment the present invention is described in further detail, but is not to be limitation of the present invention, all any this areas of doing according to the disclosure of invention be equal to replacement, all belong to protection scope of the present invention.
Embodiment 1:
A kind of compound fertilizer that reduces slight pollution vegetable plot vegetables cadmium lead content, it is made by the massfraction of following raw material:
A kind of preparation method who reduces slight pollution vegetable plot vegetables cadmium lead content compound fertilizer the steps include:
A. select the sepiolite raw ore for use, cross 100 orders or 110 orders or 120 orders or 140 mesh sieves through ball milling, standby.Sepiolite raw ore of the present invention, the sepiolite content that it contains must reach 80-99%, heavy metal cadmium and plumbous content (respectively in Cd, Pb) all should≤5mg/kg, moisture content is (with H
2The O meter) answers≤1.5%.
B. select the kaolin raw ore for use, cross 100 orders or 110 orders or 120 orders or 140 mesh sieves through ball milling, standby.Kaolin raw ore of the present invention, the kaolin content that it contains must reach 80-99%, heavy metal cadmium and plumbous content (respectively in Cd, Pb) all should≤5mg/kg, moisture content is (with H
2The O meter) answers≤2.5%.
C. select the wilkinite raw ore for use, cross 100 orders or 110 orders or 120 orders or 140 mesh sieves through ball milling, standby.Wilkinite raw ore of the present invention, its smectite content that contains must reach 80-99%, heavy metal cadmium and plumbous content (respectively in Cd, Pb) all should≤5mg/kg, moisture content is (with H
2The O meter) answers≤2.5%.
D. collect the slag in fuel-burning power plant, cross 30 orders or 35 orders or 40 mesh sieves through ball milling, standby.The slag in fuel-burning power plant of the present invention, the SiO that it contains
2Content must reach 60-70%, CaO+MgO+MnO
2+ Fe
2O
3Four sums must reach 15-20%, heavy metal cadmium and plumbous content (respectively in Cd, Pb) all should≤5mg/kg, moisture content is (with H
2The O meter) answers≤1.0%.
E. raw material and urea, ammonium chloride, ammonium nitrate, diammonium phosphate, phosphorus-potassium nitrate fertilizer, fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate and the Repone K with above-mentioned preparation mixes in proportion, carry out process for processing (referring to the 108th page of " agricultural modernization research " the 18th the 2nd phase of volume) by the compound fertilizer process flow process of extruder grain, promptly become a kind of composite fertilizer that reduces slight pollution vegetable plot vegetables cadmium lead content.
Embodiment 2-example 12:
A kind of compound fertilizer that reduces slight pollution vegetable plot vegetables cadmium lead content, it is made by the massfraction of following raw material:
Its preparation process is identical with embodiment 1.
A kind of pilot plant test that reduces slight pollution vegetable plot vegetables cadmium lead content compound fertilizer is promoted as described below with demonstration:
During the 2008-2010, carried out the field pilot plant test, and carried out demonstration on a fairly large scale in 2010 and promoted at Jiahe Tao Jiahe (soil belongs to lead-cadmium combined pollution type) and the bimodal Chinese catalpa raft of pontoons (soil belongs to cadmium-plumbous combined pollution type) two places.Above-mentioned two places all belong to " the agriculture safe utilization technical research demonstration area of heavy metals exceeding standard soil " that " heavy metal pollution of soil is promptly administered comprehensive demonstration area " that national environmental protection portion and Hunan Province government hang out one's shingle supervise and direct and unit consolidations such as Hunan Province Department of Agriculture and the present patent application people-The Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences are set up.
A. test design: two places all are provided with habits fertilization (CK) and two processing of using product of the present invention (FM), repeat for three times, and the sub-district area is 15.0m
2(3.0m * 5.0m), separate with the ridge (buried depth 0.3m) of the wide thick plastic film parcel of 0.2m.N, P that CK handles
2O
5, K
2O is provided by the Russian compound fertilizer (16-16-12) of import, and the product of being produced by new Hunan, Hunan Science and Technology Ltd. of the present invention that FM handles provides.
B. product consumption and field management: the nitrogen amount that waits by local habits fertilization designs the amount of application of product of the present invention, and its result is as shown in the table.All fertilizer all use as base manure, and other field management measures are in full accord.
Annotate: compare the P of capsicum with CK
2O
5, K
2O nutrient input has reduced 16.7% and 11.1% respectively, radish be 30.6%
With 17.8%, Chinese cabbage be 42.8% and 23.7%, Plantula Brassicae chinensis be 28.3% and 43.0%.
C. for the examination vegetable variety: two places are all unified select for use Hunan grind No. 15 capsicums, military assorted No. 3 radish, No. 1 Chinese cabbage of Xia You and April slow Plantula Brassicae chinensis four strains.
D. see (inspection) survey project: vegetable crop, soil activation attitude cadmium, lead content, the cadmium in the vegetable products, lead content.
E. main result: vegetable crop is as shown in the table.The result shows, uses product of the present invention, and certain underproduction phenomenon is all arranged, but difference not obvious (not reaching 5% significant difference level).
Product to fall the cadmium effect as shown in the table.The result shows: use product of the present invention, can make soil activation attitude cadmium content decline 41.3-52.3%, the vegetables cadmium content reduces 30.1-52.8%, and basic controlling is in the scope of country's " pollutent is limited the quantity of (GB2672-2005) in the food " standard.
Two places to fall plumbous effect as shown in the table.The result shows: use product of the present invention, can make soil activation attitude lead content decline 36.0-58.5%, the vegetables lead content reduces 27.9-51.0%, and basic controlling is in the scope of country's " pollutent is limited the quantity of (GB2672-2005) in the food " standard.
Claims (10)
1. compound fertilizer that reduces slight pollution vegetable plot vegetables cadmium lead content, it is made by the massfraction of following raw material:
Raw materials quality mark %
Urea 5.5-12.5
Ammonium chloride 2.0-13.0
Ammonium nitrate 6.0-10.5
Diammonium phosphate 13.5-20.5
Phosphorus-potassium nitrate fertilizer 4.0-11.0
Fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate 2.0-9.5
Repone K 9.5-13.5
Sepiolite 25.0-32.5
Kaolin 2.1-2.4
Wilkinite 0.5-0.7
Plant slag 1.9-2.3
Described sepiolite is a kind of fibrous hydrous magnesium silicate mineral, and chemical formula is Mg8 (H
2O)
4[Si
6O
16]
2(OH)
48H
2O, its SiO
2, MgO content be respectively 54-60% and 21-25%, specific surface area is big, is the passivator commonly used that effectively reduces soil activation attitude cadmium lead content, it accounts for massfraction between 25.0-32.5%;
Described kaolin, wilkinite and three kinds of raw materials of plant slag, granulating and forming amendment for a kind of compound fertilizer, it accounts for massfraction and is controlled in 5%, wherein: kaolin is the binding agent of compound fertilizer pelletizing moulding, and wilkinite and plant slag are respectively the lubricant and the enhancing-siccative of compound fertilizer pelletizing moulding; Simultaneously, these three kinds of raw materials of kaolin, wilkinite and plant slag effectively reduce the passivator commonly used of soil activation attitude cadmium lead content.
2. a kind of compound fertilizer that reduces slight pollution vegetable plot vegetables cadmium lead content according to claim 1 is characterized in that:
Raw materials quality mark %
Urea 8.0-11.0
Ammonium chloride 4.0-7.5
Ammonium nitrate 6.0-8.0
Diammonium phosphate 15.5-18.5
Phosphorus-potassium nitrate fertilizer 4.0-8.5
Fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate 5.0-7.5
Repone K 12.5-13.5
Sepiolite 30.0-32.5
Kaolin 2.2-2.3
Wilkinite 0.5-0.6
Plant slag 2.0-2.2.
3. a kind of compound fertilizer that reduces slight pollution vegetable plot vegetables cadmium lead content according to claim 1 is characterized in that:
Raw materials quality mark %
Urea 10.5
Ammonium chloride 5.5
Ammonium nitrate 6.2
Diammonium phosphate 17.2
Phosphorus-potassium nitrate fertilizer 4.1
Fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate 5.5
Repone K 13.5
Sepiolite 32.5
Kaolin 2.2
Wilkinite 0.5
Plant slag 2.3.
4. a kind of compound fertilizer that reduces slight pollution vegetable plot vegetables cadmium lead content according to claim 1 is characterized in that:
Raw materials quality mark %
Urea 5.5
Ammonium chloride 8.5
Ammonium nitrate 6.5
Diammonium phosphate 17.0
Phosphorus-potassium nitrate fertilizer 10.5
Fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate 9.5
Repone K 12.5
Sepiolite 25.0
Kaolin 2.4
Wilkinite 0.7
Plant slag 1.9.
5. a kind of compound fertilizer that reduces slight pollution vegetable plot vegetables cadmium lead content according to claim 1 is characterized in that:
Raw materials quality mark %
Urea 10.0
Ammonium chloride 2.0
Ammonium nitrate 6.5
Diammonium phosphate 18.0
Phosphorus-potassium nitrate fertilizer 7.5
Fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate 8.0
Repone K 13.0
Sepiolite 30.0
Kaolin 2.1
Wilkinite 0.6
Plant slag 2.3.
6. a kind of compound fertilizer that reduces slight pollution vegetable plot vegetables cadmium lead content according to claim 1 is characterized in that:
Raw materials quality mark %
Urea 10.0
Ammonium chloride 2.0
Ammonium nitrate 9.0
Diammonium phosphate 15.0
Phosphorus-potassium nitrate fertilizer 10.5
Fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate 8.5
Repone K 12.5
Sepiolite 27.5
Kaolin 2.2
Wilkinite 0.6
Plant slag 2.2.
7. a kind of compound fertilizer that reduces slight pollution vegetable plot vegetables cadmium lead content according to claim 1 is characterized in that:
Raw materials quality mark %
Urea 11.0
Ammonium chloride 5.0
Ammonium nitrate 10.0
Diammonium phosphate 19.5
Phosphorus-potassium nitrate fertilizer 4.5
Fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate 5.0
Repone K 10.0
Sepiolite 30.0
Kaolin 2.1
Wilkinite 0.6
Plant slag 2.3.
8. a kind of compound fertilizer that reduces slight pollution vegetable plot vegetables cadmium lead content according to claim 1 is characterized in that:
Raw materials quality mark %
Urea 11.5
Ammonium chloride 2.0
Ammonium nitrate 10.5
Diammonium phosphate 13.5
Phosphorus-potassium nitrate fertilizer 11.0
Fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate 6.5
Repone K 12.5
Sepiolite 27.5
Kaolin 2.2
Wilkinite 0.6
Plant slag 2.2.
9. a kind of compound fertilizer that reduces slight pollution vegetable plot vegetables cadmium lead content according to claim 1 is characterized in that:
Raw materials quality mark %
Urea 12.0
Ammonium chloride 3.5
Ammonium nitrate 6.5
Diammonium phosphate 20.5
Phosphorus-potassium nitrate fertilizer 4.5
Fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate 2.0
Repone K 13.5
Sepiolite 32.5
Kaolin 2.2
Wilkinite 0.5
Plant slag 2.3.
10. the described a kind of preparation method who reduces the compound fertilizer of slight pollution vegetable plot vegetables cadmium lead content of claim 1 the steps include:
A. sepiolite preparation: it is standby to select for use the sepiolite raw ore to cross the 100-140 mesh sieve through ball milling; Described sepiolite raw ore, the sepiolite content that it contains reach 80-99%, heavy metal cadmium and plumbous content respectively in Cd, Pb≤5mg/kg, moisture content with H
2O meter≤1.5%;
B. kaolin preparation: it is standby to select for use the kaolin raw ore to cross the 100-140 mesh sieve through ball milling; Described kaolin raw ore, the kaolin content that it contains reach 80-99%, heavy metal cadmium and plumbous content respectively in Cd, Pb≤5mg/kg, moisture content with H
2O meter≤2.5%;
C. wilkinite preparation: it is standby to select for use the wilkinite raw ore to cross the 100-140 mesh sieve through ball milling; Described wilkinite raw ore, its smectite content that contains reach 80-99%, heavy metal cadmium and plumbous content respectively in Cd, Pb≤5mg/kg, moisture content with H
2O meter≤2.5%;
D. plant slag preparation: it is standby that the slag in collection fuel-burning power plant is crossed the 30-40 mesh sieve through ball milling; The slag in described fuel-burning power plant, the SiO that it contains
2Content between 60-70%, CaO+MgO+MnO
2+ Fe
2O
3Four sums reach 15-20%, heavy metal cadmium and plumbous content respectively in Cd, Pb≤5mg/kg, moisture content with H
2O meter≤1.0%;
E. raw material and urea, ammonium chloride, ammonium nitrate, diammonium phosphate, phosphorus-potassium nitrate fertilizer, fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate and the Repone K with step (A, B, C, D) preparation mixes in proportion, compound fertilizer process flow process by extruder grain is carried out process for processing, is a kind of composite fertilizer that reduces slight pollution vegetable plot vegetables cadmium lead content.
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Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN103286118A (en) * | 2013-05-17 | 2013-09-11 | 中国科学院华南植物园 | Method for reducing cadmium content in grasses and vegetables |
| CN104663067A (en) * | 2015-01-26 | 2015-06-03 | 利川市箭竹溪黄连专业合作社 | Cultivation method capable of lowering coptis chinensis cadmium contents |
| CN105001020A (en) * | 2015-07-22 | 2015-10-28 | 沈阳化工研究院有限公司 | Compound mixing fertilizer having heavy metal passivation effect, preparation method and uses thereof |
| CN105131961A (en) * | 2015-07-15 | 2015-12-09 | 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所 | Composite improvement agent, preparation method and application thereof |
| CN107417344A (en) * | 2017-05-05 | 2017-12-01 | 菏泽学院 | A kind of apple blends dedicated fertilizer formula |
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| CN110129060A (en) * | 2019-05-20 | 2019-08-16 | 浙江省农业科学院 | A kind of charcoal base composite passivant that content of beary metal in Chinese cabbage is effectively reduced and its preparation and method of administration |
| CN110698288A (en) * | 2019-10-31 | 2020-01-17 | 湖南省土壤肥料研究所 | Mineral substance nutrition balance soil conditioner and preparation method thereof |
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| CN103286118A (en) * | 2013-05-17 | 2013-09-11 | 中国科学院华南植物园 | Method for reducing cadmium content in grasses and vegetables |
| CN103286118B (en) * | 2013-05-17 | 2015-04-22 | 中国科学院华南植物园 | Method for reducing cadmium content in grasses and vegetables |
| CN104663067A (en) * | 2015-01-26 | 2015-06-03 | 利川市箭竹溪黄连专业合作社 | Cultivation method capable of lowering coptis chinensis cadmium contents |
| CN104663067B (en) * | 2015-01-26 | 2016-06-08 | 利川市箭竹溪黄连专业合作社 | Reduce the cultural method of Rhizoma Coptidis cadmium content |
| CN105131961A (en) * | 2015-07-15 | 2015-12-09 | 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所 | Composite improvement agent, preparation method and application thereof |
| CN105001020A (en) * | 2015-07-22 | 2015-10-28 | 沈阳化工研究院有限公司 | Compound mixing fertilizer having heavy metal passivation effect, preparation method and uses thereof |
| CN105272720B (en) * | 2015-09-23 | 2019-04-02 | 深圳市芭田生态工程股份有限公司 | It can rehabilitating soil, the compound fertilizer of reduction crop Cd uptake and its application |
| CN107417344A (en) * | 2017-05-05 | 2017-12-01 | 菏泽学院 | A kind of apple blends dedicated fertilizer formula |
| CN110129060A (en) * | 2019-05-20 | 2019-08-16 | 浙江省农业科学院 | A kind of charcoal base composite passivant that content of beary metal in Chinese cabbage is effectively reduced and its preparation and method of administration |
| CN110698288A (en) * | 2019-10-31 | 2020-01-17 | 湖南省土壤肥料研究所 | Mineral substance nutrition balance soil conditioner and preparation method thereof |
| CN110698288B (en) * | 2019-10-31 | 2021-12-14 | 湖南省土壤肥料研究所 | Mineral substance nutrition balance soil conditioner and preparation method thereof |
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Application publication date: 20110914 Assignee: Hunan branch down industry limited company Assignor: Institute of Subtropical Agriculture and ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences|Hunan Institute of soil and fertilizer Contract record no.: 2014430000102 Denomination of invention: Compound fertilizer capable of reducing cadmium lead content of vegetables in slightly contaminated vegetable field and preparation method thereof Granted publication date: 20120627 License type: Exclusive License Record date: 20140617 |
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