CN102178032A - Use of poplar bud extracts in improvement on production performance of livestock and quality of livestock products - Google Patents
Use of poplar bud extracts in improvement on production performance of livestock and quality of livestock products Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses the use of poplar bud extracts in improvement on production performance of livestock and quality of livestock products. Tests show that poplar bud extracts, which are extracted from different poplars by different extraction methods and are added into foundational daily ration as feed additives, can effectively repair animal biological membrane, promote the hyperplasia and hyperblastosis of animals and improve daily weight gain and feed conversion rate of animals. The poplar bud extracts has the effects of improving production performance of animals, improving quality of livestock products, improving immunity in animals, reducing feed cost and the like.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the new purposes of gemma populi extract in animal husbandry, relate in particular to the gemma populi extract as feed addictive with the application in the aspects such as the production performance that improves livestock and poultry or livestock products quality, belong to the animal husbandry purposes field of gemma populi extract.
Background technology
Willow is the general designation of Salicaceae (Salicaceae) Populus (Populus L.) plant, and China is in the central distribution zone of world willow, and Chinese homemade willow reaches 53 kinds, distributes to spread all over the whole nation, about 3,000,000 hm of willow wildwood area
2For a long time, the development willow mainly is in order to satisfy the timber demand of Chinese worsening shortages, to that is to say that the part that willow mainly is utilized is a trunk.Flourish along with biological medicine, livestock technology and wood processing technique, people have carried out comprehensive research to the development and use of the full tree of willow, have obtained fruitful progress.Carry out comprehensive utilization at a large amount of bark that produces in the willow timber production process, leaf, tree bud and titbit, not only has important economic implications, and for the solid pollutant that produces in the timber production process utilize again, the wadding that wafts of willow female plant pollutes and the pollen contamination control of staminiferous plant, has important ecology and social benefit.
The willow whole body all is precious, and past people lack it and study, particularly the leaf of willow, skin, spend and all be abandoned or make fuel.Flourish along with biological medicine, livestock technology and wood processing technique, people have carried out comprehensive research to the development and use of the full tree of willow, have obtained fruitful progress.Carry out comprehensive utilization at a large amount of bark that produces in the willow timber production process, leaf, tree bud and titbit, not only has important economic implications, and for the solid pollutant that produces in the timber production process utilize again, the wadding that wafts of willow female plant pollutes and the pollen contamination control of staminiferous plant, has important ecology and social benefit.
Modern pharmacological research proves, that gemma populi fat has is antibiotic, anti-inflammatory, analgesia, antiviral, to many-sided pharmacologically actives such as protective effect of cardiovascular system.
Bao Caiying etc. (2009, the living beings Chemical Engineering) the auxiliary benzinum extraction method of employing ultrasonic wave is extracted the liposoluble constituent in the gemma populi, yield is 4.23%, and separate, identify 51 compounds, mainly contain terpene 36.46%, flavonoids 14.72%, steroid class 13.78%, aliphatic category 10.19%, the fragrance same clan 9.33% compound such as grade, main chemical compositions has β-cedrene (3.35%), α-curcumene (3.71%), ene (1.67%), guaiol (4.00%), β-eudesmol (1.69%), α-eudesmol (1.75%), cloth multitude alcohol (3.59%), linoleic acid (1.70%), (suitable)-9,17-18 carbon, two olefine aldehydrs (2.61%), 2 ', 6 '-dihydroxy-4 '-methoxyl group-chalcone (10.19%), cinnamyl cinnamate (2.28%), tectochrysin (4.53%), octadecane (1.85%), squalene (1.60%), cupreol ethyl ester (2.05%), lupeol ethyl ester (2.03%), cupreol (3.05%), clionasterol (7.20%), 2-phenethyl laurate (2.02%), lycopersene (2.95%) etc.The most biologically active of these compounds.Have very strong antiulcer, antitumor activity as curcumene; Guaiol has antibechic, phlegm-dispelling functions, is used for the treatment of bronchitis; Eudesmol has hypotensive and effect antidiarrheal; Tectochrysin has very strong antimutagenic effect; Sitosterol has tangible reduction serum cholesterol and the atherosis effect of prevention of arterial; Linoleic acid has nourishing brain cell, regulates sympathetic nerve, effect for reducing blood fat and antiphlogistic effects.So the gemma populi ligroin extraction has good value of exploiting and utilizing.
The king thinks about it etc. (2007, World Science technology---traditional Chinese medicine modernization ★ basic research) separates the ethyl acetate extract of Canadian willow bud with chromatographic process, obtain 11 compounds, be respectively: pinostrobin, Chrysin, Kaempferide, apiolin, Isorhamnetin, isoferulic acid, Quercetin, 3-O-methyl Quercetin, caffeic acid, Galangin-7-O-β-D-glucoside, Chrysin-7-O-β-D-glucoside.
Zheng Guangyao etc. (2009, chemistry of forest product and industry) adopt tetramethyl azo azoles salt colorimetric (MTT) method to observe the growth in vitro inhibitory action of gemma populi extract to human breast carcinoma MCF-7, people's liver cancer SMMC-7721 and three kinds of tumour cells of human lung adenocarcinoma A549, and compare with the antitumor activity of commercially available propolis and yang gum.The result shows: the gemma populi extract is respectively 97.1%, 88.7% and 60.5% to the inhibiting rate of 3 kinds of tumour cell effect 48h, and half suppresses mass concentration (IC50) and is respectively 58.4mg/L, 83.9mg/L and 196.3mg/L, all is higher than propolis and yang gum.The gemma populi extract has the obvious suppression effect to the growth of tumour cell of in vitro culture, and prompting gemma populi extract has good antineoplastic activity.
Up to now, as yet can be as feed addictive with production performance that improves livestock and poultry or the report that improves aspects such as livestock products quality relevant for the gemma populi extract.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention provides the new purposes of gemma populi extract in animal husbandry;
Above-mentioned purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
The present invention finds by a large amount of test, and the gemma populi extract is added to as feed addictive in the basal diet of livestock and poultry, and the livestock and poultry of again it being fed can effectively be improved the production performance of livestock and poultry or be improved the quality of animal products.
The present invention is by further test discovery, the gemma populi extract is added to the production performance or the animal products quality that more help the livestock and poultry of improving in the basal diets of livestock and poultry according to the ratio of 0.015-0.045wt%, wherein, add to the gemma populi extract in the basal diet of livestock and poultry according to the ratio of 0.03wt%, than other adding proportion, its effect is the most obvious on production performance that improves livestock and poultry or animal products quality, has significant difference (P＜0.05).
Term described in the present invention " livestock and poultry " includes but not limited to: various livestock and poultry such as pig, ox, sheep, fryer, laying hen, duck or goose.
Term described in the present invention " gemma populi extract " can be the tender shoots of being gathered from various Populus (Populus L.) plant and adopt the resulting various extracts of different extracting methods.Described poplar comprises: white poplar sends (Populus), Chinese white poplar to send (Leucoides), Cathay poplar to send (Tacamahaca), black poplar to send (Aigeiros) and diversiform-leaved poplar to send (Turanga) plant.Concrete, described poplar can be Chinese white poplar (Populus tomentaosa), Chinese white poplar (P.Lasiocarpa), populus simonii (P.simonii), eastern cottonwood (P.deltoides) or diversiform-leaved poplar poplars such as (P.euphratica).
Wherein, described gemma populi extract can be according to the preparation-obtained extract of following any mode:
(1), with after the gemma populi degreasing at the extract that does not deacidify with the resulting degreasing of absolute ethyl alcohol refluxing extraction;
(2), with the extract that deacidifies, deacidifies with the resulting degreasing of absolute ethyl alcohol refluxing extraction at last with flooding after the gemma populi degreasing, again;
(3) with gemma populi with after the flooding deacidification again with the extract of the resulting not degreasing deacidification of absolute ethyl alcohol refluxing extraction;
(4) extract that gemma populi is not deacidified with the resulting not degreasing of absolute ethyl alcohol refluxing extraction.
The present invention finds very unexpectedly: adopt the gemma populi extract of the preparation-obtained gemma populi extract of mode of not degreasing deacidification than other extracting mode, no matter be in the production performance that improves livestock and poultry or improving on the animal products quality that its effect all is better than other extract significantly.Therefore, the gemma populi extract described in the present invention is more preferably according to the preparation-obtained gemma populi extract of following extracting method:
(1), gather the willow tender shoots, with the distilled water room temperature lixiviate of 5 times of quality 12-24 hour, filtration discarded filtrate, filter residue and drying is standby;
(2), the absolute ethyl alcohol of the resulting dry thing of step (1) with 5 times of quality refluxed 50 ℃ of water-baths, filter, discard filter residue, extract reduction vaporization and vacuum drying, promptly.
The gemma populi extract adds to as feed addictive in the daily ration of livestock and poultry, can adopt different adding proportions according to the different objects of feeding, and as a reference, the ratio of being added is as follows:
Sucking pig tailored version: newborn piglet: add 200～600 gram gemma populi extracts in the mixed feed per ton; Plain edition: fattening pig, fryer, laying hen: add 100～400 gram gemma populi extracts in the mixed feed per ton; Ruminant: add 200～400 gram gemma populi extracts in the fine fodder per ton.
To sum up, the tender shoots of different poplars is adopted the different resulting gemma populi extracts of extracting method, after adding in the basal diet as feed addictive it, the animal organism film be can effectively repair, zooblast and hyperblastosis promoted, improve animal daily gain and feed conversion rate, have the breeding performonce fo animals of raising, improve the livestock products quality, improve animal immunizing power, reduce serial effect such as feed cost.
The specific embodiment
Further describe the present invention below in conjunction with specific embodiment, advantage of the present invention and characteristics will be more clear along with description.But these embodiment only are exemplary, scope of the present invention are not constituted any restriction.It will be understood by those skilled in the art that and down can make amendment or replace without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, but these modifications and replacing all fall within the scope of protection of the present invention the details of technical solution of the present invention and form.
The preparation of embodiment 1 gemma populi extract
Gather eastern cottonwood (P.deltoides) tree tender shoots, pulverize the back with pulverizer and cross 100 mesh sieves, at 50 ℃ of water-bath backflow 2h, repeat 2 times with the absolute ethyl alcohol of 5 times of quality, filter, discard filter residue, merge No. 2 times extract, reduction vaporization and vacuum drying obtain paste extract, promptly.
The preparation of embodiment 2 gemma populi extracts
(1), gather diversiform-leaved poplar (P.euphratica) tree tender shoots, place Soxhlet extractor, adds 60 ℃ of benzinums, backflow extracting after 10 hours in 80 ℃ of water-baths, the gemma populi powder of taking-up degreasing, drying;
(2), with the resulting dry products of step (1) with the distilled water room temperature lixiviate of 5 times of quality 12-24 hour, filter, repeat 2 times, abandon or adopt filtrate, with filter residue (gemma populi powder) drying, standby;
(3), with the resulting dry thing of step (2) with the absolute ethyl alcohol of 5 times of quality at 50 ℃ of water-bath backflow 2h, repeat 2 times, filter, discard filter residue, merge No. 2 times extract, reduction vaporization and vacuum drying obtain paste extract, promptly.
The preparation of embodiment 3 gemma populi extracts
(1), gather populus simonii (P.simonii) tree tender shoots, place Soxhlet extractor, adds 90 ℃ of benzinums, backflow extracting after 10 hours in 80 ℃ of water-baths, the gemma populi powder of taking-up degreasing, drying, standby;
(2), with the resulting dry thing of step (1) with the absolute ethyl alcohol of 5 times of quality at 50 ℃ of water-bath backflow 2h, repeat 2 times, filter, discard filter residue, merge No. 2 times extract, reduction vaporization and vacuum drying obtain paste extract, promptly.
The preparation of embodiment 4 gemma populi extracts (not degreasing depickling)
(1), gather Chinese white poplar (Populus tomentaosa) tree tender shoots, with the distilled water room temperature lixiviate of 5 times of quality 24 hours, filter, repeat 2 times, removal contains the filtrate of the hydrotropes such as salicylic acid, with gemma populi powder (filter residue), drying, standby;
(2), with the resulting dry thing of step (1) with the absolute ethyl alcohol of 5 times of quality at 50 ℃ of water-bath backflow 2h, repeat 2 times, filter, discard filter residue, merge No. 2 times extract, reduction vaporization and vacuum drying obtain the paste extract of light brown, promptly.
The preparation of embodiment 5 gemma populi extracts (not degreasing depickling)
(1), gather Chinese white poplar (P.Lasiocarpa) tree tender shoots, with the distilled water room temperature lixiviate of 5 times of quality 12 hours, filter, repeat 2 times, removal contains the filtrate of the hydrotropes such as salicylic acid, and is with gemma populi powder (filter residue) drying, standby;
(2), with the resulting dry thing of step (1) with the absolute ethyl alcohol of 5 times of quality at 50 ℃ of water-bath backflow 2h, repeat 2 times, filter, discard filter residue, merge No. 2 times extract, reduction vaporization and vacuum drying obtain the paste extract of light brown, promptly.
Test example 1 gemma populi extract is to the influence test of laying hen production performance and egg product matter
One, test material and animal used as test
For trying material: the gemma populi extract that embodiment 1-5 is prepared;
Animal used as test: the blue brown laying hen in 39 seas in age in week;
Two, test method
1728 the 39 blue brown laying hens in sea in age in week are selected in test for use, are divided into 6 groups at random, that is: control group, 1 group of test, 2 groups of tests, 3 groups of tests, 4 groups of tests, 5 groups of tests; Every group of 3 repetitions, each repeats 96 chickens, and production performance difference was not remarkable between each repeated; Adopt single factor random experiment design.
The extra large blue brown laying hen of control group and 5 test group adopts following feed to feed continuously for 8 weeks respectively;
Control group: corn-soybean meal diet (constituent sees Table 1), do not add any additives;
Test 1 group: the gemma populi extract that corn-soybean meal diet+embodiment 1 is prepared, add the prepared gemma populi extract of embodiment 1 of 150mg, 300mg and 450mg respectively in every 1kg corn-soybean meal diet;
Test 2 groups: the gemma populi extract that corn-soybean meal diet+embodiment 2 is prepared, add the prepared gemma populi extract of embodiment 1 of 150mg, 300mg and 450mg respectively in every 1kg corn-soybean meal diet;
Test 3 groups: the gemma populi extract that corn-soybean meal diet+embodiment 3 is prepared, add the prepared gemma populi extract of embodiment 3 of 150mg, 300mg and 450mg respectively in every 1kg corn-soybean meal diet;
Test 4 groups: the gemma populi extract that corn-soybean meal diet+embodiment 4 is prepared, add the prepared gemma populi extract of embodiment 4 of 150mg, 300mg and 450mg respectively in every 1kg corn-soybean meal diet;
Test 5 groups: the gemma populi extract that corn-soybean meal diet+embodiment 1 is prepared, add the prepared gemma populi extract of embodiment 5 of 150mg, 300mg and 450mg respectively in every 1kg corn-soybean meal diet;
Table 1 corn-soybean meal diet is formed (%)
Annotate: premix mainly consist of various vitamins, folic acid, choline, manganese, iron, zinc, copper, selenium and other trace elements.
Control group and 5 test group except on the feed addictive that is added, exist different, remaining condition of feeding (comprising illumination, temperature, surrounding environment etc.) is identical; Each repeated test chicken adopts two-layer ladder to raise in cages, 4 laying hens of every cage.The test diet is all fed with the powder form, hand fed, and every day, quantitative feeding twice, freely drinks water, and natural lighting is picked up egg every day 3 times.
Be unit statistics egg number to repeat every day, and average daily feed intake is added up in egg size and death weekly, calculates average daily ingestion amount, laying rate, average egg weight, feedstuff-egg ratio and the death rate.
Data statistic analysis: test data is all represented with average ± standard error, carries out the one-factor analysis of variance with SPSS 13.0, carries out multiple ratio with the LSD method.
Three, result of the test
The gemma populi extract to the influence of laying hen production performance, egg product matter and immune performance see Table 2 respectively, table 3, table 4, table 5, table 6, table 7 and table 8.
Table 2 daily ration adds the influence result of the test of different gemma populi extracts to laying rate of laying hen
Notes: colleague's shoulder indicates same letter or does not have letter representation difference not remarkable (P＞0.05), and no same letter is represented significant difference (P＜0.05), down together.
From the result of the test of table 2 as seen, the laying rate of the raising laying hen that the gemma populi extract that adds different amounts in daily ration all can be in various degree wherein, is tested 4 groups and test 5 groups laying rate and compared significant difference (P＜0.05) with control group; In addition, (the gemma populi extract: ratio daily ration) is added in the basal diet, more helps improving the laying rate of laying hen according to 0.03wt% when the gemma populi extract.
Table 3 daily ration adds the influence result of the test of gemma populi extract to the laying hen feedstuff-egg ratio
From the result of the test of table 3 as seen, the gemma populi extract that adds different amounts in daily ration all can improve feedstuff-egg ratio in various degree; Wherein, test 4 groups of feedstuff-egg ratios and compared significant difference (P＜0.01) with control group with 5 groups of tests; (the gemma populi extract: ratio daily ration) is added in the daily ration, more helps improving feedstuff-egg ratio according to 0.03wt% when the gemma populi extract.
Table 4 daily ration interpolation gemma populi extract influences result of the test to the yolk index of laying hen
From the result of the test of table 4 as seen, the gemma populi extract that in daily ration, the adds different amounts yolk index of all can raising laying hen in various degree being laid eggs; Wherein, test 4 groups of yolk indexs and compare difference more remarkable (P＜0.01) with control group with 5 groups of tests; (the gemma populi extract: ratio daily ration) is added to and is more helped improving yolk index in the basal diet according to 0.03 problem % when the gemma populi extract.
The cholesterol level of vitellus that table 5 daily ration interpolation gemma populi extract is laid eggs to laying hen influences result of the test
From the result of the test of table 5 as seen, the cholesterol level of the gemma populi extract that in daily ration, adds different amounts in all can reduction yolk in various degree; Wherein, (the gemma populi extract: the effect that ratio daily ration) is added the cholesterol level in the reduction yolk in the daily ration to is more outstanding according to 0.03wt% when the gemma populi extract.
Table 6 daily ration interpolation gemma populi extract influences result of the test to the immune performance of laying hen
From the result of the test of table 6 as seen, the gemma populi extract that adds different amounts in daily ration all can effectively improve the T lymphocyte transformation rate of laying hen; Wherein, especially to get whole structure the most outstanding to test 4 groups and 5 groups raising T lymphocyte transformation rates of test, wherein, (the gemma populi extract: ratio daily ration) is added in the daily ration according to 0.03wt% when the gemma populi extract, than other adding proportion, the effect of the T lymphocyte transformation rate of raising laying hen is the most outstanding.
Table 7 daily ration interpolation gemma populi extract influences result of the test to the immune performance of laying hen
From the result of the test of table 7 as seen, the gemma populi extract that adds different amounts in daily ration all can improve the bone-marrow-derived lymphocyte conversion ratio of laying hen, and it is the most outstanding to get whole structure with the raising bone-marrow-derived lymphocyte conversion ratios of testing 5 groups of 4 groups and tests especially.In addition, (the gemma populi extract: ratio daily ration) is added in the daily ration, than other adding proportion, can more effectively improve the bone-marrow-derived lymphocyte conversion ratio according to 0.03wt% when the gemma populi extract.
Table 8 daily ration interpolation gemma populi extract influences result of the test to the immune performance of laying hen
From the result of the test of table 8 as seen, the gemma populi extract that adds different amounts in daily ration all can improve the intestinal contents SIgA of laying hen, and is the most outstanding with the whole structures of testing 5 groups of 4 groups and tests especially.In addition, (the gemma populi extract: ratio daily ration) is added in the daily ration, than other adding proportion, can more effectively improve the intestinal contents SIgA of laying hen according to 0.03wt% when the gemma populi extract.
Claims (10)
1. the gemma populi extract is improving livestock and poultry production performance or is improving application in the animal products quality.
2. according to the application of claim 1, it is characterized in that, comprising: the gemma populi extract is added in the basal diets of livestock and poultry evenly mixed, the livestock and poultry of feeding.
3. according to the described application of claim 2, it is characterized in that, comprising: the gemma populi extract is added to according to the ratio of 0.015-0.045wt% in the basal diet of livestock and poultry, evenly mixed.
4. according to the described application of claim 3, it is characterized in that, comprising: the gemma populi extract is added to according to the ratio of 0.03wt% in the basal diet of livestock and poultry, evenly mixed.
5. according to the application of claim 1, it is characterized in that described gemma populi extract prepares in accordance with the following methods: use the absolute ethyl alcohol refluxing extraction again after gemma populi is deacidified with flooding, collect extract, drying, promptly.
6. according to the described application of claim 5, it is characterized in that described gemma populi extract prepares in accordance with the following methods:
(1), gather the willow tender shoots, with the distilled water room temperature lixiviate of 5 times of quality 12-24 hour, filtration discarded filtrate, filter residue and drying is standby;
(2), the absolute ethyl alcohol of the resulting dry thing of step (1) with 5 times of quality refluxed 50 ℃ of water-baths, filter, discard filter residue, extract reduction vaporization and vacuum drying, promptly.
7. according to the application of claim 1, it is characterized in that described gemma populi extract prepares in accordance with the following methods: will use the absolute ethyl alcohol refluxing extraction after the gemma populi degreasing again, collect extract, drying, promptly.
8. according to the application of claim 1, it is characterized in that described gemma populi extract prepares in accordance with the following methods: with after the gemma populi degreasing,, collect extract again with flooding deacidification, use the absolute ethyl alcohol refluxing extraction at last, drying, promptly.
9. according to the application of claim 1, it is characterized in that described gemma populi extract prepares in accordance with the following methods: with gemma populi absolute ethyl alcohol refluxing extraction, collect extract, drying, promptly.
10. according to the application of claim 1, it is characterized in that described livestock and poultry comprise: pig, ox, sheep, fryer, laying hen, duck or goose.
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| CN106071071A (en) * | 2016-06-14 | 2016-11-09 | 中国林业科学研究院林产化学工业研究所 | A kind of Poplar Bark feed additive and preparation method thereof |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE20307204U1 (en) * | 2003-07-14 | 2003-09-18 | Karpfl, Peter, 47546 Kalkar | Feed or nutritional supplement, useful as anthelmintic, comprises poplar bud resin diluted with water or kombucha (fermented black tea drink) |
| CN1666753A (en) * | 2004-03-12 | 2005-09-14 | 北京大学 | Populus plant bud or bud scale extract with anticancer activity |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| DE20307204U1 (en) * | 2003-07-14 | 2003-09-18 | Karpfl, Peter, 47546 Kalkar | Feed or nutritional supplement, useful as anthelmintic, comprises poplar bud resin diluted with water or kombucha (fermented black tea drink) |
| CN1666753A (en) * | 2004-03-12 | 2005-09-14 | 北京大学 | Populus plant bud or bud scale extract with anticancer activity |
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| Title |
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| 《现代化工》 20081030 郑光耀等 杨树芽脂的提取方法及其抗氧化活性的研究 , * |
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| CN106071071A (en) * | 2016-06-14 | 2016-11-09 | 中国林业科学研究院林产化学工业研究所 | A kind of Poplar Bark feed additive and preparation method thereof |
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