CN102177267A - Ductile iron having cobalt - Google Patents

Ductile iron having cobalt Download PDF

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Publication number
CN102177267A
CN102177267A CN200980140249XA CN200980140249A CN102177267A CN 102177267 A CN102177267 A CN 102177267A CN 200980140249X A CN200980140249X A CN 200980140249XA CN 200980140249 A CN200980140249 A CN 200980140249A CN 102177267 A CN102177267 A CN 102177267A
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cobalt
aforesaid right
multinomial described
described alloy
silicon
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S·延森
S·胜
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Siemens AG
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Siemens AG
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C37/00—Cast-iron alloys
    • C22C37/10—Cast-iron alloys containing aluminium or silicon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C37/00—Cast-iron alloys
    • C22C37/04—Cast-iron alloys containing spheroidal graphite

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Turbine Rotor Nozzle Sealing (AREA)

Abstract

Known cast iron alloys have application limits with regard to temperature. Through the use of cobalt, an optimal ferritic microstructure is achieved such that with an alloy having silicon 2.0 - 4.5 wt %, cobalt 0.5 - 5 wt %, carbon 2.0 - 4 wt %, molybdenum 0.3 - 1.48 wt %, manganese <= 0.5 wt %, nickel <= 0.5 wt %, the remainder iron, wherein the proportion of silicon, cobalt, and molybdenum is preferably less than 7.5 wt %, the application limits are shifted to high temperatures.

Description

Contain cobalt nodular cast iron
The present invention relates to described cobalt cast iron and the described member of claim 31 of containing of claim 1.
Known and cast iron alloy (being called the GJS nodular cast iron alloy) that using mainly uses silicon and molybdenum to improve creep strength, scaling resistance energy and creep-rupture strength.But As time goes on, these elements all can cause toughness obviously to descend.
In addition, molybdenum also has very big segregation tendency.
Therefore task of the present invention is to set forth and can overcomes above-mentioned shortcoming and use alloy and the member that has better mechanical characteristics in the time length.
Adopt described alloy of claim 1 and the described member of claim 31, can solve this task.
Dependent claims is described to be the useful measure that other can make up with advantageous manner arbitrarily mutually:
According to of the present invention, cobalt can partly substitute molybdenum, so just can overcome the application limit of GJS alloy up to now.Alloy of the present invention has very high elongation in temperature range is 450 ℃～550 ℃ range of application, and has following composition (wt%):
Figure BPA00001371373800011
The content of silicon, cobalt and molybdenum suits≤7.5wt%, especially≤and 6.0wt%.Cobalt contents in the alloy is preferably between 0.5%～1.5wt%.
If cobalt contents is 0.5wt%, 1.0wt%, 1.5wt% and 2.0wt%, alloy will reach useful mechanical parameter value.
Add alloying element molybdenum (preferred 0.5%～0.8%) and help improving thermostability (Rp0.2 and Rm in the temperature range after the raising) and creep-rupture strength (creep strength).
Magnesium can improve castability, and the content of magnesium preferably is at least 0.02wt%, mostly is 0.07wt% most.
Decide on using, the content of chromium preferably is at least 0.01wt% but mostly is 0.05wt% most, and chromium can improve oxidation stability.Alloy can have other element.But alloy preferably is made up of iron, silicon, cobalt and carbon.
If alloy is made up of iron, silicon, cobalt, carbon and manganese, also can realize unique advantage.Adopt iron, silicon, cobalt, carbon and randomly the alloy formed of impurity element molybdenum, manganese and/or nickel also can obtain other advantage.
Randomly in alloy, also can there be following micro impurity element:
Phosphorus 0.005wt%
Sulphur 0.001wt%
Magnesium 0.01wt%,
These impurity elements help improving castability, and/or help forming spheroidal graphite, but can not be too many, otherwise will be based on negative impact.
Preferably there is not chromium (Cr) in this external alloy.
Below will explain embodiments of the invention with reference to the accompanying drawings in detail.
Relevant drawings is as follows:
Accompanying drawing 1 foundry goods Photomicrograph
Accompanying drawing 2 steam turbines,
Accompanying drawing 3 internal combustion turbine.
Spheroidal graphite alloy shown in the accompanying drawing 1 has the perfect ferritic structure of being close to.
Form is depicted as the alloy example of the mechanical characteristics with improvement.
Cobalt 0 0.56 0.99 1.44
Carbon 3.63 3.67 3.65 3.67
Silicon 2.45 2.42 2.49 2.41
Manganese 0.067 0.036 0.03 0.029
Phosphorus 0.007 0.006 0.007 0.007
Sulphur 0.009 0.006 0.008 0.008
Magnesium 0.044 0.04 0.05 0.049
Molybdenum 0.87 0.5 0.3 0.3
The cobalt and the molybdenum of trace just can improve the mechanical characteristics value.
Accompanying drawing 2 is depicted as steam turbine 300,303, and it has the turbine shaft 309 that extends along rotation 306.
This steam turbine has presses turbine section 303 among a high-pressure turbine section 300 and one, these two turbine section have an inner casing 312 and the shell 315 that inner casing is surrounded separately.For example high-pressure turbine section 300 can be designed to tubular.The middle turbine section 303 of pressing for example can be designed to double-current pattern.Equally also middle pressure turbine section 303 can be designed to the single current pattern.
Along rotation 306 bearing 318 is arranged between high-pressure turbine section 300 and the middle pressure turbine section 303, turbine shaft 309 has bearing district 321 in bearing 318.Turbine shaft 309 is supported on another bearing 324 on high-pressure turbine section 300 next doors.High-pressure turbine section 300 has shaft seal 345 in these bearing 324 zones.By two other shaft seals 345 shell 315 of turbine shaft 309 with respect to middle pressure turbine section 303 sealed.Flow between district 348 and the steam outflow district 351 in high pressure steam, turboshaft 309 has high pressure rotating vane 357 in high-pressure turbine section 300.The respective vanes of not drawing in detail among this high pressure rotating vane 357 and the figure constitutes first vane region 360.
The middle turbine section 303 of pressing has central steam inflow district 333.District 333 is corresponding with the steam inflow, turbine shaft 309 has the axle shielding slab 363 of radial symmetry, this is a cover plate, presses among two runners of turbine section 303 in being used on the one hand vapour stream is assigned to, and is used for stoping high-temperature steam directly to contact turbine shaft 309.Turbine shaft 309 has second vane region 366 of pressing rotating vane 354 in the band in middle pressure turbine section 303.Flow through the downstream low-pressure turbine section that the high-temperature steam of second vane region 366 therefrom presses turbine section 303 not draw in outlet pipe 369 flow graphs.
Turbine shaft 309 for example is made up of two turbine section axle 309a and 309b that are mutually permanently connected in bearing 318 zones.Each turbine section axle 309a, 309b all have a cooling tube 372 that forms medium pore 372a along rotation 306.Cooling tube 372 flows out district 351 by the steam inlet pipe 375 with radial hole 375a with steam and links to each other.In middle pressure turbine section 303, do not link to each other drawing the cavity that is positioned at below the shielding slab among coolant hose 372 and the figure in detail.Steam inlet pipe 375 is designed to radial hole 375a pattern, so just can makes " cold " steam among high-pressure turbine section 300 inflow medium pore 372a.Steam is pressed turbine section 303 in entering via bearing district 321 by the outlet pipe 372 that especially also can be designed to radial hole 375a pattern, and arrives at turbine shaft 309 outside surfaces 330 in the steam inflow district 333 here.The temperature that flows through the steam of cooling tube is starkly lower than and flows into steam and flow into superheated vapour among the district 333, thereby guarantees to press in the effectively cooling first rotating cascade 342 of turbine section 303 and the outside surfaces 330 in this rotating cascade 342 zones.
Accompanying drawing 3 illustrations the longitudinal section synoptic diagram of internal combustion turbine 100.
Internal combustion turbine 100 portion within it has a rotor 103 (being also referred to as turbine rotor) that has axle 101 around rotation 102 rotation fixed.
Along rotor 103 be aligned in sequence with gas inlet shell 104, pneumatic plant 105, have a plurality of arranged in co-axial alignment burner 107 for example for cyclic combustion chamber 110 (especially toroidal combustion chamber), turbine 108 and exit casing 109.
Toroidal combustion chamber 110 with for example be communicated with for annular high-temperature fuel gas passage 111.Here (for example) constitutes turbine 108 by the turbine stage 112 of four polyphones.
Each turbine stage 112 constitutes by (for example) two blade rings.Flow direction towards working medium 113 is observed, and in the high-temperature fuel gas passage 111 of nozzle ring 115 leaf grating 125 that is made of rotating vane 120 is arranged subsequently.
Stator 130 is fixed on the inner casing 138 of stator 143, and the rotating vane 120 of leaf grating 125 then for example utilizes the turbine disk 133 to be fixed on the rotor 103.
Generator or work mechanism (not shown) are connected on the rotor 103.
In internal combustion turbine 100 operation process, pneumatic plant 105 sucks air 135 by gas inlet shell 104 and compresses.The compressed air delivery that will provide on pneumatic plant 105 ends of turbine one side is to burner 107, and therein it mixed with incendiary material.Mixture forms working medium 113 backs and burns in combustion chamber 110.Working medium 113 is from flowing through stator 130 and rotating vane 120 along high-temperature fuel gas passage 111 here.Working medium 113 discharges on rotating vane 120, transmits momentum, makes rotating vane 120 drive rotor 103, and rotor 103 drives the work mechanism that connects thereon again.
The parts that are exposed to hot operation medium 113 will bear thermal load in internal combustion turbine 100 operation process.Except going along with sb. to guard him the heat shielding element of toroidal combustion chamber 110, the stator 130 and the rotating vane 120 of first turbine stage 112 that looks up from the stream of working medium 113 will bear maximum heating load.
In order to tolerate the temperature here, can utilize refrigerant that it is cooled off.
The base material of parts equally also can have oriented structure, is monocrystalline (SX structure), perhaps only has the crystal grain (DS structure) of portrait orientation.For example, can use iron-based, Ni-based or cobalt base superalloy material, especially as the material of the parts of turbine blade 120,130 and combustion chamber 110 as parts.
For example EP 1 204 776 B1, EP 1 306 454, EP 1 319 729 A1, WO 99/67435 or WO 00/44949 disclose such superalloy.
Blade 120,130 equally also can have corrosion protection coating (MCrAlX; M is at least a element in iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni) group, and X is an active element, and expression yttrium (Y) and/or silicon, scandium (Sc) and/or at least a rare earth element or hafnium (Hf).EP 0 486 489 B1, EP 0 786 017 B1, EP0 412 397 B1 or EP 1 306 454 A1 disclose this type of alloy.
On MCrAlX thermofin can also be arranged, it is for example by ZrO 2, Y 2O 3-ZrO 2Constitute, promptly, can make its instability, partially stabilized or complete stability by mixing yttrium oxide and/or calcium oxide and/or manganese oxide.By suitable coating method, for example electron-beam vapor deposition method (EB-PVD) forms columnar grain in thermofin.
Stator 130 has towards the stator root (not shown) of turbine 108 inner casings 138 and the stator top relative with the stator root.The stator top is towards rotor 103, and is fixed on the set collar 140 of stator 143.

Claims (34)

1. the alloy (wt%) that has following element:
Silicon 2.0%～4.5% especially is 2.4%～3.6%
Cobalt 0.5%～5.0% especially is 1.0%～2.5%
Carbon 2.0%～4.5% especially is 2.5%～4.0%,
Molybdenum 0.3%～1.48% especially is 0.4%～0.95%, more specifically 0.5%～0.8%,
Randomly
Manganese≤0.5%, especially≤0.1%,
Nickel≤0.5%, especially≤0.3%,
Magnesium≤0.09%, especially≤0.07%,
Phosphorus≤0.07%, especially≤0.04%,
Sulphur≤0.04%, especially≤0.01%,
Chromium≤0.1%, especially≤0.05%,
The iron of surplus.
2. alloy according to claim 1, wherein the content of silicon, cobalt and molybdenum is less than 7.5wt%, especially≤and 6.0wt%, more specifically be at least 2.8wt%.
3. alloy according to claim 1 and 2 contains 0.5%～1.5wt% cobalt, especially contains the 1.0wt% cobalt.
4. alloy according to claim 1 and 2 contains 0.5%～1.0wt% cobalt, especially contains the 0.5wt% cobalt.
5. alloy according to claim 1 and 2 contains 1.0%～2.0wt% cobalt, especially contains the 1.5wt% cobalt.
6. alloy according to claim 1 and 2 contains 1.0%～1.5wt% cobalt.
7. alloy according to claim 1 and 2 contains 1.5%～2.0wt% cobalt.
8. each or multinomial described alloy in requiring according to aforesaid right, it contains 0.005wt% manganese at least, especially contains 0.01wt% manganese at least.
9. each or multinomial described alloy in requiring according to aforesaid right, its manganese content≤0.07wt%, especially≤0.035wt%.
10. require in 1～7 each or multinomial described alloy according to aforesaid right, it does not contain manganese.
11. each or multinomial described alloy in requiring according to aforesaid right, it contains 0.01wt% nickel at least, especially contains 0.05wt% nickel at least.
12. require in 1～10 each or multinomial described alloy according to aforesaid right, it is not nickeliferous.
13. each or multinomial described alloy in requiring according to aforesaid right, it contains 2.8wt%～3.2wt% silicon, especially contains 3.0wt% silicon.
14. require in 1～12 each or multinomial described alloy according to aforesaid right, it contains 2.47wt% silicon.
15. each or multinomial described alloy in requiring according to aforesaid right, it contains 3.0wt%～3.5wt% carbon, especially contains 3.25wt% carbon.
16. each or multinomial described alloy in requiring according to aforesaid right, it contains maximum 0.007wt% phosphorus.
17. each or multinomial described alloy in requiring according to aforesaid right, it contains 0.005wt% phosphorus (P) at least, especially contains 0.01wt% phosphorus at least.
18. each or multinomial described alloy in requiring according to aforesaid right, it contains maximum 0.008wt%, 0.006wt% sulphur (S) especially at most.
19. each or multinomial described alloy in requiring according to aforesaid right, it contains 0.001wt% sulphur (S) at least, especially contains 0.003wt% sulphur at least.
20. each or multinomial described alloy in requiring according to aforesaid right, it contains maximum 0.05wt% magnesium.
21. each or multinomial described alloy in requiring according to aforesaid right, it contains 0.01wt% magnesium (Mg) at least, especially contains 0.02wt% magnesium at least.
22. each or multinomial described alloy in requiring according to aforesaid right, it does not contain chromium (Cr).
23. require in 1～21 each or multinomial described alloy according to aforesaid right, it contains maximum 0.03wt% chromium.
24. require in 1～21 each or multinomial described alloy according to aforesaid right, it contains minimum 0.01wt% chromium, especially 0.05wt% chromium.
25. each or multinomial described alloy in requiring according to aforesaid right, it is made up of iron, silicon, cobalt, molybdenum and carbon.
26. require in 1～24 each or multinomial described alloy according to aforesaid right, it is by iron, silicon, cobalt, carbon, molybdenum and randomly manganese and/or magnesium and/or phosphorus and/or sulphur and/or nickel and/or chromium are formed.
27. require in 1～24 each or multinomial described alloy according to aforesaid right, it is selected from the elementary composition of manganese, phosphorus, sulphur, magnesium, nickel, chromium by iron, silicon, cobalt, carbon, molybdenum and at least two kinds.
28. require in 1～24 each or multinomial described alloy according to aforesaid right, it is selected from the elementary composition of manganese, phosphorus, sulphur, magnesium, nickel, chromium by iron, silicon, cobalt, carbon, molybdenum and at least three kinds.
29. require in 1～24 each or multinomial described alloy according to aforesaid right, its by iron, silicon, cobalt, molybdenum, carbon, magnesium and at least a, especially two kinds be selected from the elementary composition of phosphorus, sulphur, manganese, nickel, chromium.
30. require in 1～24 each or multinomial described alloy according to aforesaid right, its by iron, silicon, cobalt, molybdenum, carbon, magnesium and at least three kinds, especially four kinds be selected from the elementary composition of phosphorus, sulphur, manganese, nickel, chromium.
31. the member of making by each or multinomial described alloy in the claim 1～30.
32. member according to claim 31, it is a shell-pieces.
33. according to claim 31 or 32 described members, it is the member of steam turbine (300,303) or internal combustion turbine (100).
34. according to claim 31,32 or 33 described members, it has based on iron or based on the base material of steel.
CN200980140249XA 2008-10-09 2009-09-04 Ductile iron having cobalt Pending CN102177267A (en)

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DE102008051042.4 2008-10-09
DE102008051042A DE102008051042A1 (en) 2008-10-09 2008-10-09 Cast iron with cobalt and component
PCT/EP2009/061457 WO2010040606A1 (en) 2008-10-09 2009-09-04 Ductile iron having cobalt

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WO (1) WO2010040606A1 (en)

Cited By (5)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102994869A (en) * 2012-11-26 2013-03-27 张桂芬 Nodular graphite cast iron
CN104911466A (en) * 2015-07-07 2015-09-16 中原内配集团股份有限公司 Ultra-high-strength multiphase-structure gray cast iron cylinder jacket and preparation method thereof
CN105714181A (en) * 2016-02-26 2016-06-29 铜陵安东铸钢有限责任公司 Cobalt-containing nodular cast iron and preparing method thereof
CN107177781A (en) * 2017-06-09 2017-09-19 合肥神马电气有限公司 A kind of hysteresis brake rotor formula and preparation method thereof
CN112680648A (en) * 2019-10-18 2021-04-20 通用汽车环球科技运作有限责任公司 High-modulus and high-strength nodular cast iron and crankshaft

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EP2511394B1 (en) * 2011-04-15 2015-05-27 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Cast iron with niobium and component

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102994869A (en) * 2012-11-26 2013-03-27 张桂芬 Nodular graphite cast iron
CN104911466A (en) * 2015-07-07 2015-09-16 中原内配集团股份有限公司 Ultra-high-strength multiphase-structure gray cast iron cylinder jacket and preparation method thereof
CN105714181A (en) * 2016-02-26 2016-06-29 铜陵安东铸钢有限责任公司 Cobalt-containing nodular cast iron and preparing method thereof
CN107177781A (en) * 2017-06-09 2017-09-19 合肥神马电气有限公司 A kind of hysteresis brake rotor formula and preparation method thereof
CN112680648A (en) * 2019-10-18 2021-04-20 通用汽车环球科技运作有限责任公司 High-modulus and high-strength nodular cast iron and crankshaft
US11618937B2 (en) 2019-10-18 2023-04-04 GM Global Technology Operations LLC High-modulus, high-strength nodular iron and crankshaft

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US20110194969A1 (en) 2011-08-11
WO2010040606A1 (en) 2010-04-15
EP2331720A1 (en) 2011-06-15
DE102008051042A1 (en) 2010-04-15

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Application publication date: 20110907