CN102175549B - High-speed cutting experiment device based on Hopkinson pressure lever loading technology - Google Patents
High-speed cutting experiment device based on Hopkinson pressure lever loading technology Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a high-speed cutting experiment device based on a Hopkinson pressure lever loading technology. The device comprises a power mechanism, a cutting mechanism, a fixing mechanism and a collecting mechanism which are arranged in sequence along an axis, wherein the power mechanism is used for shooting a bullet to the cutting mechanism; an incident bar of the cutting mechanism is driven to move forwards when the bullet is collided with the cutting mechanism; along with the forward movement of the incident bar, a cutter at the front end of the incident bar cuts a workpiece fixed on the fixing mechanism; and the collecting mechanism is used for resisting the forward incident bar to stop the incident bar quickly. The entire experiment device is built on the basis of the Hopkinson pressure lever loading technology, the entire cutting process is quick and short, and the impact energy is far greater than the energy needed by cutting, so that a stable process is achieved and preconditions are provided for the stable cutting process.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the metal cutting field, espespecially a kind of high speed orthogonal cutting experimental provision based on the Hopkinson pressure bar loading technique.
Background technology
High-speed Machining Technology is an advanced manufacturing technology that emerges rapidly in recent ten years, has represented the main flow direction of modern processing.High speed machining mechanism is the basis of High-speed Machining Technology development, yet know still that about a lot of phenomenon people in the high-speed machining process yet it does not know its reason, high speed machining mechanism also it be unclear that, and this has seriously restricted development and the application of High-speed Machining Technology.In order better to understand high speed machining mechanism, the effective experimental provision of urgent need development is studied chip deformation behavior and the related law in the high-speed machining process.
At present high-speed cutting experiment is mainly carried out at lathe.Obtain higher line cutting speed, the speed of mainshaft of lathe requires must be very high.When utilizing lathe grinding, workpiece generally is installed on the main shaft by scroll chuck, but when the speed of mainshaft was higher, the effect of centrifugal force will cause the folder power of chuck to reduce, and workpiece may be got rid of when serious to fly, and has sizable danger.Therefore general machine spindle speed is not very high, and is the highest about 10000 rev/mins at present.Obtain the required high linear velocity of high-speed cutting, except with the speed of mainshaft is relevant, also relevant with diameter of work.Be subjected to the restriction of lathe structure, the diameter of workpiece is usually smaller, general horizontal lathe allows the maximum gauge of workpiece about 400 mm, be subjected to the restriction of the factors such as lathe power and security in addition, the larger corresponding main shaft maximum (top) speed of diameter of work is just less, so that the line cutting speed of utilizing the lathe machining to obtain is often lower, be difficult to reach the required requirement of high-speed cutting.Moreover high-speed cutting experimental study General Requirements is analyzed the cutting behavior of workpiece under different cutting speeds.Yet, utilize lathe to carry out the high-speed cutting experiment, in the situation that the speed of mainshaft changes, tend to occur common shake phenomenon on a large scale, cause the violent electric shock of lathe, thereby be difficult to obtain the high-speed machining process of stable state.In addition, the transient images that obtains high-speed machining process is the key of high speed machining mechanism research, however in the high-speed turning process workpiece to rotate inertial pole large, be difficult to allow workpiece and machine tool chief axis moment stop operating, thereby be difficult to catch the high-speed cutting image.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is directed to the problem that is difficult at present realize the stable state high-speed cutting, set up a kind of high-speed cutting experimental provision of safe and reliable, convenient practicality.
For achieving the above object, high-speed cutting experimental provision of the present invention, comprise that actuating unit, cutting mechanism, fixed mechanism and receipts catch mechanism, actuating unit, cutting mechanism, fixed mechanism and receipts are caught mechanism and are arranged successively along an axis, actuating unit is used for to cutting mechanism emission bullet, thereby the incident bar that promotes cutting mechanism by the projectile impact cutting mechanism moves ahead, along with incident bar moves ahead, and the workpiece of fixing on the Tool in Cutting fixed mechanism that the incident bar front end arranges; Receipts are caught mechanism and are used for keeping out the incident bar that moves ahead, and incident bar is stopped fast.
Further, described actuating unit comprises light-gas gun, bullet and acceleration barrel, and light-gas gun connects the acceleration barrel, and bullet sends from accelerate barrel; Accelerate the barrel exit and be provided with the laser velocimeter device of measuring velocity of shot.
Further, the air pressure size of described light-gas gun is controlled, with the cutting speed of adjusting gear.
Further, described incident bar is erected on the supporting seat, also is provided with the guiding mechanism that only moves at described axis direction for the control incident bar on this supporting seat.
Further, can be symmetrical arranged two workpiece on the described fixed mechanism, the spacing between two workpiece is selected according to required cutting depth; Described cutter has two symmetrical cutting edges, two workpiece of corresponding cutting.
Further, described receipts catch mechanism be arranged on described fixed mechanism rear portion over against described incident bar position, receive and to catch the quality of mechanism greater than the quality of incident bar, receiving and catching mechanism is cylindrical rod or plate or block.
Further, the front end that described receipts are caught mechanism arranges telescopic axostylus axostyle, and buffer spring is set on the axostylus axostyle, and receipts are caught the mechanism rear end impact damper is set simultaneously, catches the impact that mechanism brings to cutter to reduce described cutter bump receipts.
Further, also be provided with on the described fixed mechanism for the camera head of observing the workpiece working angles.
Further, be provided with sensor for detection of cutting force in the working angles and cutting temperature on described cutter, workpiece and the fixed mechanism.
The at present domestic case of using above-mentioned similar device to carry out the high-speed cutting experiment that there is no, above-mentioned experimental provision has the following advantages:
1, obtains very wide cutting speed by the large I of air pressure of regulating light-gas gun, utilize this device can carry out cutting speed up to the high-speed cutting experiment of 200 m/min～2000 m/min, can satisfy the high-speed cutting requirement of experiment of most of materials.
2, whole working angles speed fast, last weak point, impact energy can be considered steady-state process much larger than cutting institute energy requirement in addition.
3, this experimental provision can make cutter clash in working angles receiving and catches mechanism and stop fast, thereby the transient state that realizes working angles is freezed, and then catch the high-speed cutting transient images, be convenient to observe the different phase of material damage crack growth in the high-speed machining process, course and the mechanism of material damage crack growth in the research high-speed machining process.
Safe and reliable, the convenient practicality of the present invention, can be on cutter and workpiece and clamping device thereof sensor installation, be conducive to cutting force and the isoparametric test of cutting temperature in the high-speed machining process.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the topping machanism synoptic diagram;
Fig. 2 is the vertical view of topping machanism.
Main element explanation among the figure: 1, light-gas gun; 2 accelerate barrel; 3: bullet; 4, laser velocimeter device; 5, incident bar; 6, incident bar bearing; 7, cutter holding device; 8, cutter; 9, piece-holder and high-precision positioner; 10, bridle catcher; 11, impact damper; 12, workpiece; 13, high precision lifting table; 14, bearing.
Embodiment
Whole experimental provision of the present invention is built based on Hopkinson depression bar loading technique, mainly comprise light-gas gun 1, Hopkinson incident bar 5, workpiece fixed mechanism 9, bridle catcher 10 and impact damper 11, light-gas gun 1 connects acceleration barrel 2, accelerate to hold bullet 3 in the barrel 2, provide power by light-gas gun 1 emission bullet 3 for the fast moving of incident bar 5, incident bar 5 is erected on the incident bar bearing 6, under the percussive action of bullet 3, can move ahead fast along the gathering sill (not shown) direction that incident bar bearing 6 arranges, can prevent effectively that incident bar 5 from shaking and deflection owing to be provided with gathering sill on the incident bar bearing 6 in the process of moving ahead.Cutter 8 is installed on an end of incident bar 5 by cutter holding device 7, and cutter 8 is designed to symmetrical structure how much, has two symmetrical cutting edges.Workpiece 12 is installed on incident bar 5 rear portions symmetrical two piece-holder and high-precision positioner 9, and the height of workpiece 12 can be regulated by high precision lifting table 13.Piece-holder and high-precision positioner 9 rear portions are right against position of sound production one bridle catcher 10 of incident bar, its quality requirements is much larger than incident bar 5, in order to prevent bringing impact failure to cutter 8 behind the cutter 8 bump bridle catchers 10, bridle catcher 10 front ends are provided with the axostylus axostyle that can stretch, and twine buffer spring on the axostylus axostyle.Also can select to arrange impact damper 11 in order further to improve buffering effect bridle catcher 10 rear portions.Workpiece 12 positions can also arrange camera head with the whole working angles of observation workpiece.Package unit is installed on the bearing 14, guarantees during installation that the axis of symmetry that accelerates barrel 2, incident bar 5, bridle catcher 10, cutter 8 and two workpiece 12 is positioned on the same axis.Bullet 3 is by light-gas gun 1 emission and through accelerating to clash into incident bar 5 after barrel 2 accelerates in the experimentation, incident bar 5 is subject to will carrying behind bullet 3 bump cutter 8 and moves ahead fast along gathering sill, and with the extruding that bumps of symmetrical two workpiece 12, thereby realize high-speed cutting.Moment stops cutter 8 by with the larger bridle catcher of quality 10 central collisions occuring in the working angles, thereby the transient state that realizes high-speed machining process is freezed.Bullet 3 speed are measured by the laser velocimeter device 4 that is arranged on incident bar 5 front ends in the process of the test, and can convert based on momentum and conservation of energy principle obtains the cutter travelling speed.The cutting speed that said apparatus obtains is relevant with the air pressure size of light-gas gun plenum chamber, and the air pressure of plenum chamber is larger, and the cutting speed of obtaining is just higher.
Whole device is installed on the bearing, and the implementation step is as follows:
1. as shown in Figure 1, with thickness be 6 mm, anterior angle 0
0, relief angle 15
0 Cutter 8 be installed on an end of the incident bar 5 of Φ 13 mm by cutter holding device 7.Incident bar then is placed on the gathering sill 6, guarantees that the incident bar other end is right against the light-gas gun outlet, and keeps spacing about 100 mm with muzzle.
2. two piece-holder and the high-precision positioner 9 axis symmetry along light-gas gun and incident bar is installed on the high precision lifting table 13, the spacing that guarantees the two in the installation process is slightly larger than the cutter width and draws close with cutter as far as possible.The workpiece of processing two long 60 mm, wide 40 mm, thick 4mm also is installed on respectively on piece-holder and the high-precision positioner 9, adjusts high precision lifting table 13 and makes the workpiece height consistent with cutter height.Progressively regulate piece-holder and high-precision positioner 9, the thickness of cutting of two workpiece all is set to 0.1 mm.
3. move incident bar along gathering sill, cutter and workpiece are drawn close, regulate the bridle catcher position, length of cut is controlled at about 10 mm.
4. the bullet 3 that 300 mm are long is filled in and is accelerated to regulate the atmospheric pressure value of light-gas gun 1 in the barrel 2, and making its size is 1.5 MPa.
5. light-gas gun emission.Bullet clashes into incident bar after emission is accelerated, incident bar carry cutter along gathering sill move ahead fast and with the workpiece extruding that bumps, thereby the realization high-speed cutting.
Through being installed on the laser velocimeter device 4 that accelerates the barrel end demonstration of testing the speed, the bullet travelling speed is 2430 m/min.Since this device neutron bomb weight 300 g, whole 600 g that weigh of cutter and incident bar, and the cutting speed that can get whole working angles through converting is 1600 m/min.
In the situation of parameter constant, regulate the atmospheric pressure value of light-gas gun 1 in keeping embodiment 1, making its size is 0.8 MPa, can realize that finally cutting speed is the cutting experiment of 880 m/min.
In the situation of parameter constant, regulate the atmospheric pressure value of light-gas gun 1 in keeping embodiment 1, making its size is 0.25 MPa, can realize that finally cutting speed is the cutting experiment of 200 m/min.
It is to be noted that structural parameters and the position relationship of each parts of the present invention are not limited to above embodiment, also can make corresponding adjustment according to actual needs.According to any distortion that the specific embodiment of the invention is made, all do not break away from the scope of spirit of the present invention and claim record.
Claims (9)
1. based on the high-speed cutting experimental provision of Hopkinson pressure bar loading technique, it is characterized in that, comprise that actuating unit, cutting mechanism, fixed mechanism and receipts catch mechanism, actuating unit, cutting mechanism, fixed mechanism and receipts are caught mechanism and are arranged successively along an axis, actuating unit is used for to cutting mechanism emission bullet, thereby the incident bar that promotes cutting mechanism by the projectile impact cutting mechanism moves ahead, along with incident bar moves ahead, and the workpiece of fixing on the Tool in Cutting fixed mechanism that the incident bar front end arranges; Receipts are caught mechanism and are used for keeping out the incident bar that moves ahead, and incident bar is stopped fast.
2. high-speed cutting experimental provision as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, described actuating unit comprises light-gas gun, bullet and acceleration barrel, and light-gas gun connects the acceleration barrel, and bullet sends from accelerate barrel; Accelerate the barrel exit and be provided with the laser velocimeter device of measuring velocity of shot.
3. high-speed cutting experimental provision as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that, the air pressure size of described light-gas gun is controlled, with the cutting speed of adjusting gear.
4. high-speed cutting experimental provision as claimed in claim 3 is characterized in that, described incident bar is erected on the supporting seat, also is provided with the guiding mechanism that only moves at described axis direction for the control incident bar on this supporting seat.
5. high-speed cutting experimental provision as claimed in claim 4 is characterized in that, is symmetrical arranged two workpiece on the described fixed mechanism, and the spacing between two workpiece is selected according to required cutting depth; Described cutter has two symmetrical cutting edges, two workpiece of corresponding cutting.
6. high-speed cutting experimental provision as claimed in claim 5, it is characterized in that, described receipts catch mechanism be arranged on described fixed mechanism rear portion over against described incident bar position, receive and to catch the quality of mechanism greater than the quality of incident bar, receiving and catching mechanism is cylindrical rod or plate or block.
7. high-speed cutting experimental provision as claimed in claim 6, it is characterized in that the front end that described receipts are caught mechanism arranges telescopic axostylus axostyle, and buffer spring is set on the axostylus axostyle, receipts are caught the mechanism rear end impact damper are set simultaneously, catch the impact that mechanism brings to cutter to reduce described cutter bump receipts.
8. high-speed cutting experimental provision as claimed in claim 7 is characterized in that, also is provided with the camera head for observation workpiece working angles on the described fixed mechanism.
9. high-speed cutting experimental provision as claimed in claim 8 is characterized in that, is provided with the sensor for detection of cutting force in the working angles and cutting temperature on described cutter, workpiece and the fixed mechanism.
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| CN 201110049605 CN102175549B (en) | 2011-03-02 | 2011-03-02 | High-speed cutting experiment device based on Hopkinson pressure lever loading technology |
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| CN 201110049605 CN102175549B (en) | 2011-03-02 | 2011-03-02 | High-speed cutting experiment device based on Hopkinson pressure lever loading technology |
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| CN102175549B true CN102175549B (en) | 2013-04-17 |
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| CN102554024B (en) * | 2011-12-02 | 2014-02-12 | 江苏大学 | Armature emitter based high-speed impact forming method and device for realizing same |
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| CN102539265A (en) * | 2012-02-13 | 2012-07-04 | 中国科学院力学研究所 | High-speed cutting experiment device based on light-gas gun loading technique |
| CN103163037B (en) * | 2013-02-07 | 2015-04-29 | 中国科学院力学研究所 | High-speed restrained cutting experimental device based on split Hopkinson pressure bar loading technology |
| CN104614230A (en) * | 2015-01-28 | 2015-05-13 | 南京理工大学 | Improved firing device of split Hopkinson torsion bar |
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| CN110208129A (en) * | 2019-06-21 | 2019-09-06 | 青岛理工大学 | Multi-pass high-speed cutting experimental rig and method based on Hopkinson pressure bar load |
| CN110470551B (en) * | 2019-09-04 | 2022-06-21 | 湖北文理学院 | SHPB test device and transmitting device and control method thereof |
| CN110672438B (en) * | 2019-10-16 | 2021-11-23 | 浙江科技学院 | Round hole linear nail column type double-sided energy-gathering joint cutting device for dynamically punching rock-soil body |
| CN111948074A (en) * | 2020-07-29 | 2020-11-17 | 山东威雅苏扬防护科技有限公司 | Hopkinson bar-based continuous multiple equal pulse width collision impact test device and test method |
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