CN105571972B - High-speed cutting experimental provision based on digitized pendulum experimental machine - Google Patents
High-speed cutting experimental provision based on digitized pendulum experimental machine Download PDFInfo
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- CN105571972B CN105571972B CN201610162046.2A CN201610162046A CN105571972B CN 105571972 B CN105571972 B CN 105571972B CN 201610162046 A CN201610162046 A CN 201610162046A CN 105571972 B CN105571972 B CN 105571972B
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- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 89
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 210000003746 feather Anatomy 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001069 Ti alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005474 detonation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/58—Investigating machinability by cutting tools; Investigating the cutting ability of tools
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L1/00—Measuring force or stress, in general
- G01L1/24—Measuring force or stress, in general by measuring variations of optical properties of material when it is stressed, e.g. by photoelastic stress analysis using infrared, visible light, ultraviolet
- G01L1/242—Measuring force or stress, in general by measuring variations of optical properties of material when it is stressed, e.g. by photoelastic stress analysis using infrared, visible light, ultraviolet the material being an optical fibre
- G01L1/246—Measuring force or stress, in general by measuring variations of optical properties of material when it is stressed, e.g. by photoelastic stress analysis using infrared, visible light, ultraviolet the material being an optical fibre using integrated gratings, e.g. Bragg gratings
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Abstract
The invention belongs to metal cutting field, in particular it relates to a kind of high-speed cutting experimental provision based on digitized pendulum experimental machine.High-speed cutting experimental provision based on digitized pendulum experimental machine, including: digitized pendulum experimental machine, impact unit, slide unit, cutting unit and recovery unit；Impact unit is fixed on the pendulum of digitized pendulum experimental machine, slide unit, cutting unit and recovery unit along pendulum swing route tangential direction be arranged in order；When pendulum is rocked to minimum point from high to lower, the impact bar being fixed on pendulum clashes into slide bar, makes slide bar carry Work piece high-speed and moves ahead and clash into cutter, thus realizes high-speed cutting；Cutting force is measured by grating fibers dynamometric system.The present invention can realize high-speed cutting, avoids the vibrations caused due to High speed load simultaneously；Utilize grating fibers to measure cutting force, have the advantages that capacity of resisting disturbance is strong, frequency acquisition is high, it is adaptable to catch the high-frequency fluctuation of cutting force.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to metal cutting field, in particular it relates to a kind of high-speed cutting based on digitized pendulum experimental machine
Experimental provision.
Background technology
Manufacturing industry is country's national economy and the basis of overall national strength, and advanced manufacturing technology is considered to improve inter-industry competition
With the basic assurance strengthening overall national strength.High-speed cutting is to integrate efficient, high-quality, the advanced manufacturing technology of low consumption, is to cut
Cut the developing direction of process technology, have broad application prospects.High speed machining mechanism is High-speed Machining Technology application and development
Theoretical basis, the development to China's manufacturing industry plays very important directive function.But, currently to high-speed cutting theory
Research seriously lags behind engineer applied, the most not yet forms the more complete theoretical system of ratio, and this situation the most seriously constrains
The fast development of Chinese national economy.In order to be better understood from high speed machining mechanism, it is badly in need of developing effective experimental provision and grinds
Study carefully the Related Mechanism in high-speed machining process and rule.
Current cutting experiment is mainly carried out on lathe, and the cutting speed that lathe process is realized is typically every at several meters
Second, it is difficulty with the high-speed cutting of tens the most hundreds of metre per second (m/s)s.Obtaining higher cutting speed, the speed of mainshaft of lathe is wanted
Asking must be the highest, but due to safety and technical reason, the most general machine spindle speed is not the most the highest.Additionally at lathe process
In, the diameter of workpiece is smaller, and this also makes to utilize the line cutting speed acquired in lathe process the most relatively low, is difficult to reach
Requirement needed for high-speed cutting.What is more important, in the case of the speed of mainshaft changes on a large scale, lathe process is often
Resonance phenomenon occurs, causes the violent electric shock of lathe, thus be difficult to obtain the high-speed machining process of stable state.At present, also there is research people
Member realizes high-speed cutting by Pneumatic loadings such as light-gas gun or Hopkinson depression bars.But, utilize pneumatically loading needs
Regulating cutting speed by adjusting air pressure size, and air pressure size is difficult to accurately regulation, this makes cutting speed bad accurately
Control.What is more important, during pneumatically loading, the detonation process of gases at high pressure can cause the vibrations of whole experimental provision.This shake
Move and can affect cutting precision, the formation of Simulating Analysis of Serrated Chip Formation can be induced simultaneously, thus affect the research of high speed machining mechanism.Therefore,
It is badly in need of a kind of effective device at present and realizes high-speed cutting, avoid the vibrations caused due to High speed load simultaneously.
Summary of the invention
The problem existed for prior art, it is an object of the invention to provide a kind of based on digitized pendulum experimental machine
High-speed cutting experimental provision, avoids the vibrations caused due to High speed load while realizing high speed Orthogonal cutting, simultaneously can
To complete the high frequency measurement of cutting force.
For achieving the above object, the present invention uses following proposal:
High-speed cutting experimental provision based on digitized pendulum experimental machine, including: digitized pendulum experimental machine, impact list
Unit, slide unit, cutting unit and recovery unit；Described impact unit is fixed on the pendulum of digitized pendulum experimental machine, sliding
Row unit, cutting unit and recovery unit swing the tangential direction of route minimum point successively along the pendulum of digitized pendulum experimental machine
Arrangement；The pendulum freely falling body from high to lower of digitized pendulum experimental machine swings, and when it is rocked to minimum point, is fixed on pendulum
On impact bar high-speed impact slide the slide bar of unit, make slide bar carry workpiece and along chute high forward and clash into cutting unit
Cutter, thus realize high speed Orthogonal cutting；Cutting force in working angles is by the grating light installed on cutting unit beam type knife rest
Fine dynamometric system is measured；After having cut, slide bar stops moving ahead by clashing into recycling cavity.
Compared with prior art, beneficial effects of the present invention is as follows for the present invention:
1, it is capable of high speed Orthogonal cutting experiment, avoids the vibration problems caused due to High speed load simultaneously.
2, beam type knife rest and fiber grating is utilized to measure cutting force, convenient and swift, have that capacity of resisting disturbance is strong, certainty of measurement
High, the feature of frequency acquisition superelevation, is particularly well-suited to catch the high-frequency fluctuation situation of cutting force in Simulating Analysis of Serrated Chip Formation forming process,
Basis is provided for high speed machining mechanism research.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is high-speed cutting experimental provision overall schematic based on digitized pendulum experimental machine；
Fig. 2 is the top view of Fig. 1 shown device；
Fig. 3 is the impact unit of shock moment, slides unit, cutting unit and recycling cavity schematic diagram；
Fig. 4 is the top view of Fig. 3 shown device；
Fig. 5 is cutting unit schematic three dimensional views；
In figure: 1, digitized pendulum experimental machine；101, main body frame；102, central shaft；103, swing arm；104, pendulum；2、
Impact unit；201, fixed mechanism；202, impact bar；3, unit is slided；301, bearing is slided；302, chute；303, slide bar；
304, feather key；305, workpiece；4, cutting unit；401, tool support；402, knife rest；403, cutter；404, grating；405, light
Fine；406, grating fibers dynamic demodulation instrument；407, computer；5, recovery unit.
Detailed description of the invention
As it is shown in figure 1, high-speed cutting experimental provision based on digitized pendulum experimental machine, including: digitized pendulum is tested
Machine 1, impact unit 2, slide unit 3, cutting unit 4 and recovery unit 5；It is real that described impact unit 2 is fixed on digitized pendulum
Test on the pendulum of machine 1, slide unit 3, cutting unit 4 and the recovery unit 5 pendulum swing route along digitized pendulum experimental machine
The tangential direction of minimum point is arranged in order；The pendulum freely falling body from high to lower of digitized pendulum experimental machine swings, and swings at it
During to minimum point, the impact bar high-speed impact being fixed on pendulum slides the slide bar of unit, makes slide bar carry workpiece high along chute
Speed moves ahead and clashes into the cutter of cutting unit, thus realizes high speed Orthogonal cutting；Cutting force in working angles is by cutting unit
The grating fibers dynamometric system installed on beam type knife rest is measured；After having cut, before slide bar stops by clashing into recovery unit
OK.
Digitized pendulum experimental machine 1 for realizing high-energy, Impulsive load at high speed, including: main body frame 101, in
Mandrel 102, swing arm 103, pendulum 104；Main body frame 101 fixes on the ground, and the top of main body frame 101 is provided with central shaft
102, the protruding certain distance of central shaft 102；One end of swing arm 103 is suspended on central shaft 102, and the other end is fixed with pendulum
Hammer 104, swing arm 103 is carried pendulum 104 and can be freely swung around central shaft 102；Pendulum 104 has certain mass, and its front end is recessed
Shape impact cutting edge；Before Shi Yan, swing arm 103 is swung to certain angle, make pendulum 104 be in certain altitude；Experiment discharges swing arm
103, pendulum 104 swings around central shaft 102 freely falling body with swing arm 103, swing to have at minimum point maximum speed and
Kinetic energy, and then high energy, the shock loading of high speed can be provided；The elemental height of pendulum 104 and the elevation angle of swing arm 102 are by numerical control
System controls；Pendulum 104 swings to the energy loss after minimum point is clashed into and is shown by digitized display instrument.
Impact unit 2 is used for passing to slide the slide bar of unit by the energy of pendulum, including: fixing device 201 and impact
Bar 202；Fixing device 201 is fixed on the middle part of the concave impulse cutting edge of pendulum 104, and impact bar 202 is arranged on fixing device 201
In；Impact bar 202 is square-section bar, and forward extends out concave impulse cutting edge certain distance；Impact bar 202 can be in fixing device
Flexible and rotation in 201, distance of stretch out and draw back and rotational angle are controlled by graduation apparatus and angle demodulator respectively；By adjusting before experiment
The distance of stretch out and draw back of impact bar 202 and rotational angle, make pendulum 104 be rocked to impact bar 202 and slide bar generation plane during minimum point
Clash into.
Slide unit 3 for the shock of the bar that withstands shocks and to carry Work piece high-speed and move ahead, including: slide bearing 301 and sliding
Groove 302, slide bar 303, feather key 304, each parts are distributed along same axisymmetrical；Two are slided bearing 301 and are fixed on pendulum pendulum
On dynamic direction, two to slide bearing 301 symmetrical along the swinging plane of pendulum center of gravity, and its spacing is slightly larger than pendulum thickness；Two
The individual top sliding bearing is respectively provided with a chute 302, and chute 302 runs through whole in the horizontal direction and slides bearing；Slide bar 303
It is arranged on two and slides between bearing, can be by feather key 304 along chute 302 sliding horizontal；Slide bar 303 is square-section bar,
Its sectional dimension is slightly less than impact bar；The front end face of slide bar 303 is positioned at the minimum point of pendulum center of gravity swing path, and its rear is arranged
A notch, workpiece 305 is had to be fixed in this notch；When pendulum is rocked to minimum point, slide bar 303 is by rushing of being fixed on pendulum
Hit the high energy of bar 202, high speed impact, workpiece 305 will be carried afterwards and quickly move ahead along chute 302.
Cutting unit 4 is used for the workpiece to high forward and implements orthogonal cutting, and to the axial cutting force in working angles
High frequency measurement is carried out with horizontal pushing force, including: tool support 401, beam type knife rest 402, cutter 403, grating 404, optical fiber
405, grating fibers dynamic demodulation instrument 406 and computer 407；Two tool support 401 symmetries are fixed on slide bar 303 running route
Dead ahead, beam type knife rest 402 is fixed on tool support 401, and cutter 403 is arranged on the front end of beam type knife rest 402, cutter
The rake face of 403 falls on longitudinally asymmetric of beam type knife rest 402；Cutter 403 can along the axial sliding movement of beam type knife rest 402, from
And adjust thickness of cutting；The two ends of beam type knife rest 402 are circular cross-section beam, and centre is square-section beam；Square-section beam is for surveying
Examination cross section, (a b), pastes two other at both side surface center around to two gratings 404 of lower surface center stickup thereon
Grating 404 (c, d), arrange each along the axis direction of beam type knife rest, and grating distance cutting edge distance is L by grating；Grating 404 leads to
Crossing optical fiber 405 to be connected with grating fibers dynamic demodulation instrument 406, grating fibers dynamic demodulation instrument 406 is by data wire and computer
407 are connected, and the strain data of grating 404 is recorded by computer 407 and processed after grating fibers dynamic demodulation instrument 406 demodulates.
In experimentation, slide bar 303 carries workpiece 305 and clashes into the cutter 403 that is fixed on beam type knife rest thus realize height
Speed cutting, the active force that in working angles, cutter 403 is applied by workpiece 305, it is axial that active force can be analyzed to along ox direction
Cutting force and the horizontal pushing force along oy direction, make beam type knife rest the compression in oy direction occur and around the bending of oz axle respectively
Deformation；Due to grating 404, (a, b) is positioned at kernel of section, so it is answered vanishing by what bending caused；Formula (1) gives axle
To cutting force and horizontal pushing force about the relation of 4 grating strains, F in formulaxFor axial cutting force, FyFor horizontal pushing force, E
For the elastic modelling quantity of beam type knife rest, A is the area of section of beam type knife rest square-section beam, WzFor beam type knife rest square-section Liang Guan
In the bending resistant section coefficient of oz axle, ε1、ε2, ε3, ε4Be respectively grating 404 (a, b, c, strain d), answer transformation be just, draw into
Negative.The grating strain recorded is brought into formula (1), the axial cutting force in high-speed machining process can be obtained and laterally push
Power.
Recycling cavity 5 is for realizing slide bar and the recovery of workpiece；Recycling cavity 5 is arranged on the taxi circuit front of slide bar；Return
Receiving chamber 5 is cavity body structure, and one end open, one end is thick and heavy steel plate；After having cut, slide bar carries workpiece and clashes into recycling cavity
Steel plate and stop moving ahead, and finally fall in cavity.
After impact bar 202 clashes into slide bar 303, pendulum 104 continues to swing forward, the numerical control of digitized pendulum experimental machine afterwards
Pendulum 104 is reset to origin-location by system automatically, and digitized display instrument demonstrates the pendulum 104 energy in knockout process simultaneously
Amount loss, can big in the hope of cutting speed by the quality of energy loss and slide bar 303, feather key 304 and workpiece 305
Little.
Embodiment one, whole device are installed on bearing, are embodied as step as follows:
The pendulum that impact energy is 360 Jiao is installed in digitized pendulum experimental machine；
The impact bar that face size is 3cm × 3cm is installed on pendulum front by fixed mechanism；Impact bar forward extends out
8cm；Preliminary regulation fixed mechanism radial displacement and the anglec of rotation, make impact bar front end face place plane through the swing circle of pendulum
The heart；
Long 3cm, wide 3.5cm, the titanium alloy workpiece of thick 2mm are fixed on sectional dimension be 2cm × 2cm, the cunning of long 40cm
In the notch of bar front end；Slide bar is installed in the chute sliding bearing by feather key；
By inclination angle be 0 °, the Cutting tool installation manner of relief angle 7 ° is on knife rest；Adjust slide bar position in chute, make absorption surface
Cutter；Adjusting the cutter position along beam type knife rest axis, making thickness of cutting is 0.1mm, fixed cutting tool；
Adjust slide bar position, make striking face be positioned at pendulum pivot path minimum point；Adjust the pendulum elevation angle so that it is reduce
To minimum point；Adjust fixed mechanism radial displacement and the anglec of rotation, make impact bar front end face parallel with the striking face of slide bar；
Adjust the pendulum elevation angle to 150 °；
4 gratings being pasted onto on beam type knife rest are connected to, through optical fiber, the 4 passage grating fibers that frequency acquisition is 2MHz
Dynamic demodulation instrument, is connected grating fibers dynamic demodulation instrument by data wire with computer, starts grating fibers dynamic demodulation instrument
And computer, start to gather the strain data of 4 gratings；
Starting pendulum experimental machine, make pendulum freely falling body swing, when dropping down onto minimum point, impact bar high speed impact slide bar, makes
It carries workpiece along chute high forward, and then the cutter orthogonal cutting fixed by front end, has cut rear slide bar by clashing into
Recycling cavity stops moving ahead.
After impact bar clashes into slide bar, pendulum continues to swing forward, and the digital control system of digitized pendulum experimental machine automatically will afterwards
Pendulum is reset to origin-location, the energy loss during digital indicator demonstrates pendulum knockout process simultaneously, by the energy of 2 times
Lose the quality sum square root again divided by slide bar, feather key and workpiece and go out cutting speed, for 28.6m/s；
Stop grating fibers data acquisition；According to formula 1, the strain data in conjunction with 4 gratings calculates axial cutting force
And lateral cutting forces, its draw value is respectively 493N and 112N.
Claims (6)
1. high speed Orthogonal cutting experiment device based on digitized pendulum experimental machine, including: digitized pendulum experimental machine, impact list
Unit, slide unit, cutting unit and recycling cavity unit；It is characterized in that: described impact unit is fixed on the experiment of digitized pendulum
On the pendulum of machine, slide unit, cutting unit and recycling cavity unit minimum along the pendulum swing route of digitized pendulum experimental machine
The tangential direction of point is arranged in order；The pendulum freely falling body from high to lower of digitized pendulum experimental machine swings, and is rocked at it
During low spot, the impact bar high-speed impact being fixed on pendulum slides the slide bar of unit, make slide bar carry workpiece along chute at a high speed before
Go and clash into the cutter of cutting unit, thus realizing high speed Orthogonal cutting；Cutting force in working angles is by cutting unit beam type
The grating fibers dynamometric system installed on knife rest is measured；After having cut, slide bar stops moving ahead by clashing into recycling cavity unit.
High speed Orthogonal cutting experiment device based on digitized pendulum experimental machine the most according to claim 1, its feature exists
In: digitized pendulum experimental machine, including: main body frame, central shaft, swing arm, pendulum；Main body frame fixes on the ground, main body
The top of framework is provided with central shaft, central axial overhangs certain distance；One end of swing arm hangs on center shaft, on the other end
Being fixed with pendulum, swing arm is carried pendulum and can be freely swung around central shaft；Pendulum has certain mass, and its front end is concave impulse sword
Mouthful；The elemental height of pendulum and the elevation angle of swing arm are by digital control system control；Pendulum swings to the energy after minimum point is clashed into
Amount loss is shown by digitized display instrument.
High speed Orthogonal cutting experiment device based on digitized pendulum experimental machine the most according to claim 2, its feature exists
In: impact unit includes: fixing device and impact bar；Fixing device is fixed on the middle part of the concave impulse cutting edge of pendulum, impact
Bar is arranged in fixing device；Impact bar is square-section bar, and forward extends out concave impulse cutting edge certain distance；Impact bar can
Flexible and rotation in fixing device, distance of stretch out and draw back and rotational angle are controlled by graduation apparatus and angle demodulator respectively.
High speed Orthogonal cutting experiment device based on digitized pendulum experimental machine the most according to claim 3, its feature exists
In: sliding unit and include: slide bearing and chute, slide bar, feather key, each parts are distributed along same axisymmetrical；Two are slided
Bearing is fixed on pendulum swaying direction, and two to slide bearing symmetrical along the swinging plane of pendulum center of gravity, and its spacing is more than
Pendulum thickness；Two tops sliding bearing are respectively provided with a chute, and chute runs through whole in the horizontal direction and slides bearing；Sliding
Bar is arranged on two and slides between bearing, can be by feather key along chute sliding horizontal；Slide bar is square-section bar, its cross section chi
Very little it is slightly less than impact bar；The front end face of slide bar is positioned at the minimum point of pendulum center of gravity swing path, and its rear is provided with a notch, work
Part is fixed in this notch.
High speed Orthogonal cutting experiment device based on digitized pendulum experimental machine the most according to claim 4, its feature exists
In: cutting unit, including: tool support, beam type knife rest, cutter, grating, optical fiber, grating fibers dynamic demodulation instrument and computer；
Two tool support symmetries are fixed on the dead ahead of slide bar running route, and beam type knife rest is fixed on tool support, Cutting tool installation manner
In the front end of beam type knife rest, the rake face of cutter falls on longitudinally asymmetric of beam type knife rest；Cutter can be along the axle of beam type knife rest
Line slides, thus adjusts thickness of cutting；The two ends of beam type knife rest are circular cross-section beam, and centre is square-section beam；Square-section
Beam is testing section, and two gratings are pasted at lower surface center thereon, paste two other light at both side surface center around
Grid, grating is each along the axis direction layout of beam type knife rest, and grating is connected with grating fibers dynamic demodulation instrument by optical fiber, grating
Optical fiber dynamic demodulation instrument is connected with computer by data wire, and the strain data of grating is after grating fibers dynamic demodulation instrument demodulates
By computer recording and process.
High speed Orthogonal cutting experiment device based on digitized pendulum experimental machine the most according to claim 5, its feature exists
In: recycling cavity unit is cavity body structure, one end open, and one end is thick and heavy steel plate；After having cut, slide bar carries workpiece and clashes into
The steel plate of recycling cavity unit and stop moving ahead, and finally fall in cavity.
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| CN105571972A (en) | 2016-05-11 |
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