CN102175395B - Method for measuring unbalance amount of rigid rotor by using static balance - Google Patents

Method for measuring unbalance amount of rigid rotor by using static balance Download PDF

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Publication number
CN102175395B
CN102175395B CN2011100369101A CN201110036910A CN102175395B CN 102175395 B CN102175395 B CN 102175395B CN 2011100369101 A CN2011100369101 A CN 2011100369101A CN 201110036910 A CN201110036910 A CN 201110036910A CN 102175395 B CN102175395 B CN 102175395B
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rotor
unbalance
amount
hunting period
rigid rotator
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CN102175395A (en
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雷春栋
黄毅
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ZIBO VACUUM EQUIPMENT FACTORY CO Ltd
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Abstract

The invention discloses a method for measuring unbalance amount of a rigid rotor by using static balance. The method comprises the steps of detecting an unbalanced direction of the rigid rotor on a statically-balanced rack, detecting a swinging period of the rigid rotor on the statically-balanced rack and determining the unbalance amount of the rigid rotor. A simple and reliable static balance measurement method for measuring the unbalance amount of the rigid rotor and evaluating the balance quality is provided. By the method, the unbalance amount and the unbalance direction of the rigid rotor can be determined effectively; the problem that the measurement on the unbalance amount of the rigid rotor by using the static balance measurement method cannot be evaluated quantitatively is solved, so the one-time correcting rate during the balance correction of the rigid rotor is more than 90 percent; the requirement on the balance correction of the rotor by using the static balance measurement method is to ensure the rest unbalance amount of the rotor is less than the available unbalance amount of the rotor rather than ensure the arbitrary balance of the whole balance system; and therefore, the time for the balance correction of the rotor is greatly shortened from two aspects and the efficiency and effectiveness of the balance correction of the rotor are improved.

Description

A kind of method of utilizing static equilibrium to measure the rigid rotator amount of unbalance
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of assay method, more particularly, relate to a kind of method of utilizing static equilibrium to measure the rigid rotator amount of unbalance.
Background technology
In standard GB/T 9239.1-2006 " permanent attitude (rigidity) rotor balancing of mechanical vibration quality requirements part 1: the check of standard and balance tolerance "; On the basis of summing up domestic and foreign experience; Mechanical type and high workload rotating speed according to permanent attitude (rigidity) rotor; Balance quality to rotor requires to have proposed suggestion, and has carried out classification.The assay method of amount of unbalance is divided into transient equilibrium and static equilibrium, and standard has provided the selection requirement of assay method, requires relatively low rotor to balance quality, only need adopt single face to proofread and correct and get final product.The amount of unbalance of single face timing rotor can also can adopt static balancing method to detect in the spin balancing aircraft measurements.Static balancing method detects the uneven simple, convenient of rigid rotator, does not need specialized equipment, and is applied widely, therefore is widely used in practice.
At present, in plant equipment, the static equilibrium detection method can be confirmed the direction of rotor unbalance exactly; But the size of rotor unbalance value, but never more effective and practical method is confirmed.Promptly use static balancing method to detect the imbalance of rigid rotator, whether the amount of unbalance that can only qualitatively judge rotor satisfies request for utilization, size that can not the quantitative evaluation rotor unbalance value.
To the classification of rotor balancing quality and the operation technique requirement of rigid rotator, can calculate the residual unbalance, allowable of rotor according to standard GB/T 9239.1-2006, as judging whether rotor reaches the standard of request for utilization.If adopt dynamic balance method or, then can on equilibrator, show the size and Orientation of rotor unbalance value at the amount of unbalance of spin balancing aircraft measurements rigid rotator.When adopting static balancing method to detect rigid rotator uneven, do not show the equipment of amount of unbalance size and Orientation, do not have effective, practical method to confirm the size of rotor unbalance value at present yet.In standard JB/T 6752-1993 " middle-size and small-size static balance of rotary wheel of water turbine testing regulations ", stipulated to adopt static balancing method detection rigid rotator imbalance and carried out the program and the requirement of balance correction.This standard to the requirement of balance correction is: through counterweight or go heavy method; Till random balance appears in the whole balanced system of rotor; Or amount of unbalance arbitrarily angled all less than residual unbalance, allowable till, the size of rotor unbalance value is not had the requirement of quantitative evaluation.In practice is used, when adopting the static equilibrium detection method to carry out balance correction, generally also be that the whole balanced system of requirement rotor occurs till the random balance, and do not require the size of the uneven amount of quantitative evaluation rotor.
Therefore; In the prior art; The imbalance that adopts static balancing method to detect rigid rotator can satisfy the requirement of rotor residual unbalance, less than the rotor allowable amount of unbalance; To proofread and correct the used time long but carry out rotor balancing through the static equilibrium detection method, and efficient is low, also can't carry out quantitative assay to the balance quality of rotor.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention provides a kind of method of utilizing static equilibrium to measure the rigid rotator amount of unbalance.
This method can be confirmed the size of rigid rotator amount of unbalance more exactly adopting static balancing method to measure in the process of rotor unbalance value, judges that whether rotor reaches the technical requirement of use, makes quantitative evaluation to the balance quality of rigid rotator.Through the enforcement of this method, can improve rigid rotator effectively and adopt the static equilibrium assay method to carry out the efficient of balance correction.
The present invention implements through following technical scheme:
1. study a kind of method of utilizing static equilibrium to measure the rigid rotator amount of unbalance; It is characterized in that this assay method is included in and detects the uneven direction of rigid rotator on the static balancing frame, on static balancing frame, detects the hunting period of rigid rotator and three steps of amount of unbalance of definite rigid rotator:
(1) the described operation that on static balancing frame, detects the uneven direction of rigid rotator is; With being placed on the static balancing frame behind the rotor dress balance mandrel to be measured; Or it is placed directly on the static balancing frame; Rotor to be measured is freely swung back and forth on static balancing frame, get and swing the downward direction of vertical line when afterwards rotor to be measured stops, be the rotor unbalance direction;
(2) operation of detection rotor hunting period is, with 90 ° in the uneven deviation in driction vertical line direction of rotor to be measured, makes it on static balancing frame, freely swing, and measures from swing to begin to stopping for the first time back used time t when preparing to return; Time t is the hunting period of rotor;
(3) the uneven method for determination of amount of rigid rotator is, according to t hunting period of rotor to be measured, confirms the amount of unbalance of rotor to be measured through table look-up * or calculating;
* tabling look-up here means and looks into " mapping table of rotor swing cycle and rotor unbalance value " set up to this kind rigid rotator.
2 above-mentioned a kind of methods of utilizing static equilibrium to measure the rigid rotator amount of unbalance; The computing method of the described rigid rotator amount of unbalance of step (3); It is characterized in that these computing method are:
Figure BDA0000046682230000021
in the formula:
UR is the mass-redius product of rotor, and promptly amount of unbalance is big or small,
To be rotor begin to stopping for the first time back used time when preparing to return from swing t;
J 0Be the moment of inertia of rotor to axis of rotation.For certain specific rotor, its moment of inertia J 0Be certain.
3 above-mentioned a kind of methods of utilizing static equilibrium to measure the rigid rotator amount of unbalance, described rigid rotator is to axis of rotation moment of inertia J 0Assay method, it is characterized in that this method comprises the steps:
(1) upwards, local surcharge one known quality apart from axis of rotation r is m in the footpath of rotor unbalance direction 0Counterweight, measuring its hunting period according to the method for the said step of claim 1 (2) is t + m0
(2) with m 0180 ° of the axis of rotation commentaries on classics that counterweight rotates sub, measuring its hunting period according to the said step of claim 1 (2) is t -m0
(3) moment of inertia of calculating rigid rotator, computing formula is: J 0 = m 0 r 2 π 2 · t + m 0 2 t - m 0 2 t - m 0 2 - t + m 0 2 ;
In the formula:
J 0Be the moment of inertia of rotor to axis of rotation;
m 0Quality for counterweight;
R is the distance of counterweight apart from the rotor axis of rotation;
t + m0For the footpath in the rotor unbalance direction makes progress, apart from the local surcharge counterweight m of axis of rotation r 0After the hunting period that records;
t -m0For the reverse footpath in the rotor unbalance direction makes progress, apart from the local surcharge counterweight m of axis of rotation r 0After the hunting period that records.
Above-mentioned a kind of method of utilizing static equilibrium to measure the rigid rotator amount of unbalance, the method for building up of the described table of step (3) is characterized in that the method for building up of this table is:
For rigid rotator commonly used, according to the moment of inertia J of rotor 0Set up t and the mapping table of rotor unbalance value UR size hunting period.
For certain specific rotor, its moment of inertia J 0Be certain, can know that the big or small UR of rotor unbalance value and rotor swing cycle t square are inversely proportional to according to step (2).
For rotor commonly used, can set up t and the mapping table of rotor unbalance value UR hunting period.
Through consulting t and the mapping table of rigid rotator amount of unbalance UR size hunting period, can confirm the amount of unbalance size of the rigid rotator of known hunting period of t.
In order to eliminate influence of measurement error, guarantee that the residual unbalance, of rotor satisfies the technical requirement of using, can the residual unbalance, allowable that calculate by standard GB/T 9239.1-2006 be reduced to certain value, as the judgment basis of balance correction.
Technique effect of the present invention
Assay method through embodiment of the present invention; Can confirm the size and Orientation of rigid rotator amount of unbalance effectively; Solved static equilibrium and measured the problem that the rigid rotator amount of unbalance can not quantitative evaluation, made rigid rotor balance proofread and correct corrected rate and reach more than 90%; For adopting the static equilibrium assay method to carry out the requirement that rotor balancing is proofreaied and correct, no longer be till random balance appears in the whole balanced system of rotor, but the rotor residual unbalance, get final product till less than the rotor allowable amount of unbalance.So just shortened rotor balancing greatly and proofreaied and correct institute's elapsed time, improved efficient and validity that rotor balancing is proofreaied and correct from two aspects.
The present invention is that the mensuration of rigid rotator amount of unbalance and the evaluation of balance quality of rigid rotor provide a kind of simple, reliable static equilibrium assay method.
Embodiment
The static equilibrium assay method of rigid rotator amount of unbalance of the present invention is implemented by following step:
(1) confirms the rotor unbalance direction.
Rotor is contained on the balance mandrel, and is placed on the static balancing frame, or it is placed directly on the static balancing frame, confirm the direction of rotor unbalance.Rotor is repeatedly swung back and forth on static balancing frame, and getting the downward direction of vertical line of stopping after the swing is the rotor unbalance direction.
(2) confirm the size of rotor unbalance value.
Measure the hunting period of rotor, table look-up or through calculating the size of confirming rotor unbalance value.Make 90 ° in the uneven deviation in driction vertical line direction of rotor; Make it on static balancing frame, freely swing; Measure time t (being generally survey mean value repeatedly) used when the back prepares to return from beginning stopping for the first time, then through tabling look-up or calculating the size that can obtain rotor unbalance value.
Computing method are in
Figure BDA0000046682230000041
formula:
UR is the mass-redius product of rotor, i.e. the amount of unbalance size;
To be rotor begin to stopping for the first time back used time (getting its mean value after measuring repeatedly) when preparing to return from swing t;
J 0Be the moment of inertia of rotor to axis of rotation.
If do not know the moment of inertia of rotor, the moment of inertia of rotor is measured, calculated in (3) set by step.
(3) measure, calculate the size of rotor to the moment of inertia of axis of rotation.
Measurement, computing method: the footpath in the rotor unbalance direction makes progress, local surcharge one known quality of distance revolution axle center r is m 0(m 0Generally be less than the amount of unbalance of rotor with the product of r) counterweight, (2) to measure its hunting period be t set by step + m0, again with m 0The rotate axis of rotation of son of counterweight changes 180 °, and (2) to measure its hunting period be t set by step -m0, then through calculating the moment of inertia that can obtain rotor, computing method do
Figure BDA0000046682230000042
In the formula: J 0Be the moment of inertia of rotor to axis of rotation;
m 0Quality for counterweight;
R is the distance of counterweight apart from rotor revolution axle center;
t + m0For the footpath in the rotor unbalance direction makes progress, apart from the local surcharge counterweight m of revolution axle center r 0After the hunting period that records;
t -m0For the reverse footpath in the rotor unbalance direction makes progress, apart from the local surcharge counterweight m of revolution axle center r 0After the hunting period that records.
(4) for rotor commonly used, can be according to the calculating of step (2), set up hunting period t with the mapping table of amount of unbalance UR so that consult when adopting static balancing method mensuration rotor unbalance value.
In order to eliminate influence of measurement error, guarantee that the residual unbalance, of rotor satisfies the technical requirement of using, can the residual unbalance, allowable that calculate by standard GB/T 9239.1-2006 be reduced to certain value, as the judgment basis of balance correction.
Through embodiment, the static equilibrium assay method of several kinds of rigid rotator amount of unbalances is set forth below:
Embodiment one
The static equilibrium of rotor one amount of unbalance is measured:
Known: rotor weight is 1373kg, and rotor diameter 1000mm, rotor speed 336r/min during work, the balance quality of rotor require to be G6.3.
According to standard GB/T 9239.1-2006, the allowable amount of unbalance that can calculate rotor is 491.67 * 500gmm.
In order to calculate the amount of unbalance of rotor, need earlier the moment of inertia J of (3) mensuration rotor set by step 0Requirement by step of the present invention (3) makes m 0Be 400g, r is 500mm, records t + m0Be 11.9s, t -m0Be 18.2s; t + m0And t -m0Be the mean value of repeatedly measuring.The step (3) according to the present invention then can get the moment of inertia J of rotor 0Be 5012.56gs 2* 500mm.
The step according to the present invention (2) can obtain the hunting period of this rotor and the corresponding relation such as the table 1 of amount of unbalance:
The corresponding relation of one hunting period of table 1 rotor and rotor unbalance value
Through measured quantity, the rotor swing cycle is 15.3s, table look-up 1 can get rotor amount of unbalance less than 879.502 * 500gmm, calculating the amount of unbalance can get rotor by step of the present invention (2) is 845.35 * 500gmm.In order to satisfy the technical requirement of rotor balancing quality, the amount of unbalance of rotor is less than 491.67 * 500gmm, promptly requires the rotor swing cycle to get final product greater than 20s.When adopting static equilibrium mensuration rotor unbalance value to carry out balance correction, the rotor swing cycle generally can reach the operation technique requirement greater than 21s.
Embodiment two
The static equilibrium of rotor two amount of unbalances is measured:
Known: rotor weight is 576kg, and rotor diameter 780mm, rotor speed 450r/min during work, the balance quality of rotor require to be G6.3.
According to standard GB/T 9239.1-2006, the allowable amount of unbalance that can calculate rotor is 197.45 * 390gmm.
In order to calculate the amount of unbalance of rotor, need earlier the moment of inertia J of (3) mensuration rotor set by step 0Requirement by step of the present invention (3) makes m 0Be 100g, r is 390mm, records t + m0Be 14.3s, t -m0Be 22.6s, t + m0And t -m0Be the mean value of repeatedly measuring.The step (3) according to the present invention then can get the moment of inertia J of rotor 0Be 1727.65gs 2* 390mm.
The step according to the present invention (2) can obtain the corresponding relation such as the table 2 of rotor swing cycle and rotor unbalance value:
The corresponding relation of two hunting periods of table 2 rotor and rotor unbalance value
Figure BDA0000046682230000061
Through measuring, the rotor swing cycle is 17.5s, table look-up 2 can get rotor amount of unbalance less than 236 * 390gmm.Calculating the amount of unbalance that can get rotor by step of the present invention (2) is 222.71 * 390gmm.In order to satisfy the technical requirement of rotor balancing quality, the amount of unbalance of rotor is less than 197.45 * 390gmm, promptly requires the rotor swing cycle to get final product greater than 19s.When adopting static equilibrium mensuration rotor unbalance value to carry out balance correction, the rotor swing cycle generally can reach request for utilization greater than 20s.
Embodiment three
The static equilibrium of rotor three amount of unbalances is measured:
Known: rotor weight is 3435kg, and rotor diameter 1420mm, rotor speed 340r/min during work, the balance quality of rotor require to be G6.3.
According to standard GB/T 9239.1-2006, the allowable amount of unbalance that can calculate rotor is 856.054 * 710gmm.
In order to calculate the amount of unbalance of rotor, need earlier the moment of inertia J of (3) mensuration rotor set by step 0Requirement by step of the present invention (3) makes m 0Be 500g, r is 710mm, the t of survey + m0Be 16.7s, t -m0Be 272s, t + m0And t -m0Be the mean value of repeatedly measuring.The step (3) according to the present invention then can get the moment of inertia J of rotor 0Be 11338.542gs 2* 710mm.
The step according to the present invention (2) can obtain the corresponding relation such as the table 3 of rotor swing cycle and rotor unbalance value:
The corresponding relation of three hunting periods of table 3 rotor and rotor unbalance value
Figure BDA0000046682230000071
Through measuring, the rotor swing cycle is 21.7s, table look-up can get rotor amount of unbalance less than 1015.03 * 710gmm.Calculating the amount of unbalance that can get rotor by step of the present invention (2) is 950.6 * 710gmm.In order to satisfy the technical requirement of rotor balancing quality, the amount of unbalance of rotor is less than 856.054 * 710gmm, promptly requires the rotor swing cycle to get final product greater than 23s.When adopting static equilibrium mensuration rotor unbalance value to carry out balance correction, the rotor swing cycle generally can reach request for utilization greater than 24s.
List of references
[1] GB/T 9239.1-2006, permanent attitude (rigidity) rotor balancing of mechanical vibration quality requirements part 1: the check of standard and balance tolerance (ISO 1940-1:2003, IDT).
[2] JB/T 6752-1993, middle-size and small-size water wheels static balance of rotary wheel testing regulations.
[3] Harbin Institute of Technology's theoretical mechanics teaching and research room compiles. theoretical mechanics (I) [M]. and Beijing: Higher Education Publishing House, 2005.

Claims (1)

1. method of utilizing static equilibrium to measure the rigid rotator amount of unbalance; It is characterized in that; This assay method is included in the uneven direction that detects rigid rotator on the static balancing frame, on static balancing frame, detects the hunting period of rigid rotator and three steps of amount of unbalance of definite rigid rotator:
(1) the described operation that on static balancing frame, detects the uneven direction of rigid rotator is; Be placed directly on the static balancing frame being placed on the static balancing frame or behind the rotor dress balance mandrel to be measured it; Rotor to be measured is freely swung back and forth on static balancing frame, and the downward direction of vertical line is the rotor unbalance direction when getting swing back rotor to be measured and stopping;
(2) operation of detection rotor hunting period is; With 90 ° in the uneven deviation in driction vertical line direction of rotor to be measured; Make it on static balancing frame, freely swing, measure from swing and begin to stopping for the first time back used time t when preparing to return, time t is the hunting period of rotor;
(3) the uneven method for determination of amount of rigid rotator is, according to t hunting period of rotor to be measured, through tabling look-up or calculating the amount of unbalance of confirming rotor to be measured;
The described computing method of step (3) are:
Figure FDA00001933557500011
in the formula:
UR is the mass-redius product of rotor, and promptly amount of unbalance is big or small,
To be rotor begin to stopping for the first time back used time when preparing to return from swing t;
J 0Be the moment of inertia of rotor to axis of rotation;
Described rigid rotator is to axis of rotation moment of inertia J 0Assay method, comprising:
1. upwards, local surcharge one known quality apart from axis of rotation r is m in the footpath of rotor unbalance direction oCounterweight, measuring its hunting period by the method for said step (2) is t + m0
2. with m 0180 ° of the axis of rotation commentaries on classics that counterweight rotates sub, measuring its hunting period according to said step (2) is t-m 0
3. calculate the moment of inertia of rigid rotator, computing formula is
Figure FDA00001933557500012
In the formula:
J 0Be the moment of inertia of rotor to axis of rotation;
m oQuality for counterweight;
R is the distance of counterweight apart from the rotor axis of rotation;
t + m0For the footpath in the rotor unbalance direction makes progress, apart from the local surcharge counterweight m of axis of rotation r oAfter the hunting period that records,
T-m 0For the reverse footpath in the rotor unbalance direction makes progress, apart from the local surcharge counterweight m of axis of rotation r.After the hunting period that records;
The method for building up of the described table of step (3) is:
For rigid rotator commonly used, according to the moment of inertia J of rotor 0Set up t and the mapping table of rotor unbalance value UR size hunting period; Through consulting t and the mapping table of rigid rotator amount of unbalance UR size hunting period, can confirm the amount of unbalance size of the rigid rotator of known hunting period of t.
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CN103776587B (en) * 2014-01-28 2016-03-16 郭卫建 Determine the method for the amount of unbalance of rotor
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CN105953978A (en) * 2016-04-28 2016-09-21 大唐长春第二热电有限责任公司 Method for realizing rotor static balancing by adopting swing period calculation method
CN105846619B (en) * 2016-06-07 2018-06-29 上海电气集团上海电机厂有限公司 A kind of large synchronous generator rotor balancing correcting and regulating method
CN109818470B (en) * 2019-03-01 2020-11-10 明峰医疗系统股份有限公司 Static balance adjusting method of rotor
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