CN102166530B - 双手性有机小分子催化剂及其制备方法 - Google Patents

双手性有机小分子催化剂及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN102166530B
CN102166530B CN 201110074415 CN201110074415A CN102166530B CN 102166530 B CN102166530 B CN 102166530B CN 201110074415 CN201110074415 CN 201110074415 CN 201110074415 A CN201110074415 A CN 201110074415A CN 102166530 B CN102166530 B CN 102166530B
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万文
丁慧
王凡
蒋海珍
郝健
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Nantong Qixiang Biscuits Food Factory
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University of Shanghai for Science and Technology
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种双手性有机小分子催化剂及其制备方法。该化合物的结构式为:

Description

双手性有机小分子催化剂及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种双手性有机小分子催化剂及其制备方法。特别是一种(S)-N-((R)-叔丁基亚磺酰基吡咯2-甲酰胺三氟乙酸乙酯和(R)-N-((R)-叔丁基亚磺酰基)吡咯2-甲酰胺三氟乙酸乙酯及其制备方法。
背景技术:
手性科学和技术对于现代合成化学、医药、农药、精细化工和材料科学的发展意义重大,其中手性催化是获得光学活性物质的最有效的方法。2001年诺贝尔化学奖便授予从事手性化学的三位科学家William S.Knowles和K.Barry Sharpless以及Ryji Noyori教授。尽管人们在手性催化领域已经取得了巨大进展,但催化反应的选择性和效率仍然是这一领域的瓶颈。因此,发展高效、高选择性、环境友好的新型手性催化剂,依然是合成化学家面临的重要挑战性课题之一。有机催化作为金属催化和酶催化的有效补充手段,由于其反应条件温和,操作简便易行,无过渡金属催化的重金属残留等诸多优点使得有机催化在最近的十几年中发展成为有机合成中最热门的领域之一。有机催化的近年来发展迅速得益于Benjamin. List,Carlos F. Barbas III和David W. C. MacMillan的开创性工作,自此之后,有机催化的诸多优点备受科学家的青睐,发展价廉易得,高选择性,高效的且具有普适性的有机催化剂成为有机催化发展方向。
近年来,有机催化剂已成为不对称催化的重要分支,催化剂种类和数目繁多且简便易得,催化反应的类型,催化剂用量,环境友好型催化剂都有重要进展。其中脯氨酸及其衍生物是有机催化反应的非常重要的一类,近年来发展新型高效的有机催化剂是科学家不懈努力的方向。
叔丁基亚磺酰胺一般是作为有效地手性辅剂出现,最近几年,叔丁基亚磺酰胺亦发展为有机催化剂适用于一些反应。我们发展基于叔丁基亚磺酰胺的脯氨酸衍生物的双手性催化剂至今尚未报道,
不对称羟醛缩合反应是衡量有机催化剂有效性的重要标准,我们亦使用经典的羟醛缩合反应检验催化剂的有效性。
此化合物的合成方法,目前尚未有报道。
发明内容:
本发明的目的之一在于提供一种双手性有机小分子催化剂。
本发明的目的之二在于催化剂的制备方法。
为达到上述目的,本发明中催化剂制备采用的反应机理为:
Figure 734324DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
  
a: (R)-叔丁基亚磺酰胺,氢化钠 b:三氟乙酸,二氯甲烷
一种双手性有机小分子催化剂,其特征在于该催化剂的结构式为: 
Figure 640576DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
中文命名:(S)-(N-(R)-叔丁基亚磺酰基) 2-吡咯甲酰胺 . 三氟乙酸盐
英文命名:(S)-N-((R)-tert-butylsulfinyl)pyrrolidine-2-carboxamide trifluoroacetate
分子量:332
外观:白色至淡黄色固体
熔点:149-151摄氏度
核磁共振氢谱(500MHz,d6-DMSO):δ9.57(s,1H,NH),4.38(d,= 7.5 Hz ,1H,-CH),3.28-3.35(m,2H,-CH2),1.91-2.54(m,2H,-CH); 1.80-1.92(m,2H,-CH2),1.27(s,1H,-CH3)
核磁共振氟谱(470MHz,d6DMSO):δ -73.9 (s, 3F)。
核磁共振碳谱(125MHz,d6-DMSO) :170.5,159.1,59.5,56.8,45.9,39.5,29.6,23.6,21.9。
一种制备上述的双手性有机小分子催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于该方法具有如下步骤:在惰性气氛和冰水浴下,将(R)-叔丁基亚磺酰胺加入到氢化钠的四氢呋喃溶液中,搅拌半小时,滴加N-叔丁氧羰基-L-脯氨酸甲酯,室温搅拌下30~48小时;用饱和氯化铵淬灭反应,经分离纯化,得白色固体,该白色固体的结构式为:
Figure 352180DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
;将该白色固体加入三氟乙酸的二氯甲烷溶液中,其中每1mmol该白色固体加入三氟乙酸的体积为2ml~10ml,搅拌下反应12~24小时后,经分离纯化得双手性有机小分子催化剂即为(S)-N-((R)-叔丁基亚磺酰基)吡咯2-甲酰胺三氟乙酸乙酯;所述的(R)-叔丁基亚磺酰胺、N-叔丁氧羰基-L-脯氨酸甲酯、氢化钠的摩尔比为:1:0.9~-1.5:1.5~4。
本发明创造性在于将叔丁基亚磺酰基引入脯氨酸衍生物中,首次合成含手性硫的双手性脯氨酸衍生物催化剂,脯氨酸作为最有效的有机催化剂,已适用于许多反映类型。叔丁基亚磺酰胺作为非常有效的手性辅剂,应用极其广泛。本发明利用叔丁基亚磺酰基作为手性诱导作用和酸性作用对底物诱导,这种双功能化催化剂催化不对称羟醛缩合反应取得了一些比较好结果。本发明原料易得,操作简便,合成催化剂的产率高达75%。催化剂(S)-N-((R)-叔丁基亚磺酰基吡咯2-甲酰胺三氟乙酸乙酯应用于不对称羟醛缩合反应当中,最高产率达到98%,对映选择性可达到97%,具有较高的研究的价值。
具体实施方式:
实施例一:
1.冰水浴下N2保护中在250ml三颈烧瓶中加入960mg(0.024mol,60%)NaH,加入25ml新蒸THF,用滴液漏斗滴加溶有1.21g(0.01mol)(R)-叔丁基亚磺酰胺的无水THF 10ml,反应半小时后,缓慢滴加2.3g(0.01mol)N-叔丁氧羰基-L-脯氨酸甲酯,滴加完毕后,撤去冰水浴室温反应48h。加入饱和氯化铵淬灭反应,旋除溶剂,加入乙酸乙酯与水萃取三次,合并有机相,旋干后硅胶柱层析分离(石油醚 : 乙酸乙酯 = 4:1 ),得到白色固体2 (2.6g)产率82%。
2. N-叔丁氧羰基-L-脯氨酸甲酯1.15克,60%氢化钠,溶解在50毫升无水甲醇中,在冰水浴下,用注射器缓慢滴入3.36克三氟丙酮,N2保护。上述混合物在常温中搅拌半小时后用升温至甲醇回流,反应24小时后然后停止反应。反应完毕后除去有机相,用硅胶层析分离,淋洗剂为体积比为20:1的石油醚和乙酸乙酯的混合溶剂,得无色液体1.94克,产率为75%。
实施例二:将催化剂(S)-N-((R)-叔丁基亚磺酰基吡咯2-甲酰胺三氟乙酸乙酯分别应用于直接不对称羟醛缩合反应,高产率及高非对映选择性及对映选择性地合成了α—羟基酮化合物,反应原理如下:
Figure 279684DEST_PATH_IMAGE004
  
催化剂:
Figure 418542DEST_PATH_IMAGE005
实验结果说明:在5毫升的样品瓶中加入催化剂(S)-N-((R)-叔丁基亚磺酰基)吡咯2-甲酰胺三氟乙酸盐6.67mg,环己酮500毫克,对硝基苯甲醛151毫克。室温搅拌反应24小时后,停止反应。反应液直接上柱,用硅胶柱层析分离,淋洗剂为体积比为8:1至1:1的石油醚和乙酸乙酯的混合溶剂进行梯度洗脱,得白色固体239毫克,产率为96%,ee值: 97%,dr值:96:4。
表1   本发明催化剂在不对称羟醛缩合反应中的催化效果表
反应 基团R 催化剂用量 产率(%) 反应时间(h) 对映选择性(%)
1 2-NO2-Ph 10 2 86 90
2 3-NO2-Ph 13 2 95 94
3 4-Br-Ph 10  4 73 67
4 4-CN-Ph 5 3 96 90

Claims (2)

1.一种双手性有机小分子催化剂,其特征在于该催化剂的结构式为: 
Figure 345623DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
2.一种制备根据权利要求1所述的双手性有机小分子催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于该方法具有如下步骤:在惰性气氛和冰水浴下,将(R)-叔丁基亚磺酰胺加入到氢化钠的四氢呋喃溶液中,搅拌半小时,滴加N-叔丁氧羰基-L-脯氨酸甲酯,室温搅拌下30~48小时;用饱和氯化铵淬灭反应,经分离纯化,得白色固体,该白色固体的结构式为:
Figure 658363DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
;将该白色固体加入三氟乙酸的二氯甲烷溶液中,其中每1mmol该白色固体加入三氟乙酸的体积为2ml~10ml;搅拌下反应12~24小时后,经分离纯化得双手性有机小分子催化剂即为(S)-N-((R)-叔丁基亚磺酰基)吡咯2-甲酰胺三氟乙酸乙酯;所述的(R)-叔丁基亚磺酰胺、N-叔丁氧羰基-L-脯氨酸甲酯、氢化钠的摩尔比为:1:0.9~1.5:1.5~4。
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CN1446633A (zh) * 2002-03-22 2003-10-08 中国科学院成都有机化学研究所 用于氧化偶联萘酚的手性催化剂
EP1864990A1 (en) * 2006-06-01 2007-12-12 Universität Wien Preparation of secondary phosphines
CN101891678A (zh) * 2010-07-15 2010-11-24 上海大学 4-(n,n-二甲基)氨基吡啶衍生物及其合成方法

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6509506B1 (en) * 1997-05-21 2003-01-21 The Scripps Research Institute Two step synthesis of D- and L- α-amino acids and D- and L- α-amino aldehydes
CN1446633A (zh) * 2002-03-22 2003-10-08 中国科学院成都有机化学研究所 用于氧化偶联萘酚的手性催化剂
EP1864990A1 (en) * 2006-06-01 2007-12-12 Universität Wien Preparation of secondary phosphines
CN101891678A (zh) * 2010-07-15 2010-11-24 上海大学 4-(n,n-二甲基)氨基吡啶衍生物及其合成方法

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