CN102162357B - An in-situ test method for the existing stress on shaft wall - Google Patents
An in-situ test method for the existing stress on shaft wall Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
一种立井井壁既有应力的原位测试方法,通过在井壁内表面开双孔,测试双孔中间部位的应变变化,根据开孔前后应变的改变量计算井壁的既有应力。在待测井壁表面确定开孔位置,并做好标记;在双孔位置中间部位粘贴横向、竖向应变片,连接好数据线,测试它们的应变初始值;在标记处开孔,并测试应变片的应变增量;根据开孔前后的应变改变量计算出井壁的既有应力。即在井壁内壁表面钻两个孔,测试两孔中间部位的应变变化,根据钻孔前后井壁混凝土应变的改变量计算其应力大小。该方法操作简单,不会破坏井壁完整性,测试精度高,为立井井壁的安全诊断奠定了基础。
An in-situ test method for the existing stress of the shaft wall. Double holes are opened on the inner surface of the shaft wall to test the strain change in the middle part of the double holes, and the existing stress of the shaft wall is calculated according to the strain change before and after the hole is opened. Determine the position of the hole on the surface of the well wall to be measured and mark it; paste the horizontal and vertical strain gauges in the middle of the double hole position, connect the data lines, and test their initial strain values; make a hole at the mark and test The strain increment of the strain gauge; the existing stress of the borehole wall is calculated according to the strain change before and after drilling. That is to drill two holes on the surface of the inner wall of the well wall, test the strain change in the middle of the two holes, and calculate the stress according to the change in the strain of the well wall concrete before and after drilling. The method is simple to operate, does not damage the integrity of the shaft wall, and has high testing accuracy, which lays a foundation for the safety diagnosis of the shaft wall.
Description
技术领域:Technical field:
本发明涉及一种立井井壁既有应力的原位测试方法,特别适用于厚表土井壁当前应力大小的测试,也适用于其他类似混凝土井壁(构筑物)的测试。 The invention relates to an in-situ test method for the existing stress of the well wall of a shaft, which is particularly suitable for testing the current stress of the well wall with thick topsoil, and is also suitable for testing other similar concrete well walls (structures).
背景技术:Background technique:
处于厚表土层中的立井井筒大多数已运营多年,井壁的受力状态及应力大小不清楚,这为井壁破裂灾害的预测预报和井壁破裂防治工程的实施带来困难。获得井壁的既有应力,判断其安全性是必要的,尤其是建设已久的井壁。目前测试井壁既有应力的原位测试方法主要有应力解除法、水压致裂法等,而这些测试方法操作复杂、占用井筒时间长,对井壁破坏性较大。因此,发明一种较理想的井壁既有应力原位测试方法是必要的,将成为判断井壁安全性的重要手段。 Most of the vertical shafts in the thick topsoil have been in operation for many years, and the stress state and stress magnitude of the shaft wall are not clear, which brings difficulties to the prediction of shaft fracture disasters and the implementation of shaft fracture prevention and control projects. Obtaining the existing stress of the well wall and judging its safety is necessary, especially for well walls that have been built for a long time. At present, the in-situ testing methods for testing the existing stress of wellbore walls mainly include stress relief method and hydraulic fracturing method, etc., but these testing methods are complicated to operate, take a long time in the wellbore, and are relatively destructive to the wellbore wall. Therefore, it is necessary to invent an ideal in-situ test method for the existing stress of the borehole wall, which will become an important means for judging the safety of the borehole wall.
发明内容:Invention content:
本发明的目的是克服已有技术存在的问题,提供一种操作简单方便、对井壁破坏性小、测量精度高的立井井壁既有应力的原位测试方法。 The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the problems existing in the prior art, and provide an in-situ testing method for the existing stress of the shaft wall with simple and convenient operation, little damage to the shaft wall and high measurement accuracy.
本发明的立井井壁既有应力的原位测试方法,包括如下步骤: The in-situ testing method of the existing stress of shaft wall of the present invention comprises the following steps:
a.在位于井筒垂深50~200m范围内的同一轴线上每隔10~20m重复间隔标定两个待测钻孔的位置; a. Calibrate the positions of the two boreholes to be tested at intervals of 10-20m on the same axis within the vertical depth of the wellbore within the range of 50-200m;
b.对井壁间隔标定的两个待测钻孔位置进行表面清洗; b. Clean the surface of the two boreholes to be measured at the wellbore interval calibration;
c.之后,在间隔标定的两个待测钻孔位置之间的井壁上粘贴呈直角排列的两个横、竖向应变片,将连接两个横、竖向应变片的测试数据导线与应变测试仪器相连; c. Afterwards, paste two horizontal and vertical strain gauges arranged at right angles on the well wall between the two borehole positions to be tested at the interval calibration, and connect the test data wires connecting the two horizontal and vertical strain gauges to the strain tester. connected to the instrument;
d.打开应变测试仪器,开始数据采集,并记录应变初始值 ; d. Turn on the strain testing instrument, start data acquisition, and record the initial strain value ;
e.在间隔标定的两个待测钻孔的位置逐个实施钻孔,钻完第一个孔后停顿5min再钻第二个孔; e. Drill holes one by one at the positions of the two holes to be measured at the interval calibration, stop for 5 minutes after drilling the first hole, and then drill the second hole;
f.钻孔完毕后,继续采集应变数据直至数据稳定,记录最终的应变稳定值; f. After drilling, continue to collect strain data until the data is stable, and record the final stable strain value ;
g.根据两个待测钻孔开孔前后的两个应变值得到应变变化值; g. Obtain the strain change value according to the two strain values before and after the drilling of the two holes to be tested ;
h.根据应变变化值与既有应力的函数关系式:计算得出待测井壁的既有应力值。 h. Change value according to strain with existing stress The functional relation of : Calculate the existing stress value of the borehole wall to be measured.
所述的待测钻孔的中心距距离为8~16cm,钻孔直径为4~8cm;所述的待测钻孔的钻孔深度控制在4~6cm。 The center-to-center distance of the boreholes to be tested is 8-16 cm, and the diameter of the boreholes is 4-8 cm; the borehole depth of the boreholes to be tested is controlled at 4-6 cm.
有益效果:通过在井壁表面开双孔,测试钻孔中间部位的应变变化,根据开孔前后应变的改变量计算井壁的应力大小。其操作简单,占用井筒时间短,基本不影响矿井提升;实施操作所需的空间较小,尤其适用于井筒等深部地下结构操作空间小的特点;不会破坏井壁的完整性。其主要优点有: Beneficial effects: by drilling double holes on the surface of the borehole wall, the strain change in the middle part of the borehole is tested, and the stress of the borehole wall is calculated according to the strain change before and after the borehole is opened. It is easy to operate, occupies a short time in the shaft, and basically does not affect the lifting of the mine; the space required for the operation is small, especially suitable for the small operating space of deep underground structures such as the shaft; it will not damage the integrity of the shaft wall. Its main advantages are:
1.井壁既有应力的获得是对井壁结构安全评价的重要因素; 1. Obtaining the existing stress of the shaft wall is an important factor for the safety evaluation of the shaft wall structure;
2.所提出的获得井壁既有应力的方法,操作简单,占用井筒时间短,基本不影响矿井提升; 2. The proposed method to obtain the existing stress of the shaft wall is simple to operate, occupies a short time in the shaft, and basically does not affect the mine hoisting;
3.方法实施操作所需的空间较小,尤其适用于井筒等深部地下结构操作空间小的特点; 3. The method requires less space for operation, and is especially suitable for the characteristics of small operation space in deep underground structures such as shafts;
4.不破坏井壁的完整性。 4. Without destroying the integrity of the well wall.
附图说明:Description of drawings:
图1为本发明的测试方法的示意图。 Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the testing method of the present invention.
图中:钻孔-1,数据测试线-2,应变传感器-3,井壁-4。 In the figure: drilling hole-1, data testing line-2, strain sensor-3, well wall-4.
具体实施方式:Detailed ways:
图1所示,本发明的立井井壁既有应力的原位测试方法,通过开双孔,测试双孔中间部位应变开孔前后的改变量,根据此改变量与井壁既有应力之间的函数关系式,计算出井壁的既有应力值,具体步骤如下: As shown in Fig. 1, the in-situ test method of the existing stress of shaft wall of the present invention, by opening double holes, test the change amount of strain in the middle part of the double holes before and after opening, according to the difference between the change amount and the existing stress of the shaft wall According to the functional relational expression, the existing stress value of the borehole wall is calculated, and the specific steps are as follows:
a.首先在位于井筒垂深50~200m处范围内,同一轴线上每隔10~20m重复间隔标定两个待测钻孔2的位置;
a. Firstly, within the range of 50-200m vertical depth of the wellbore, calibrate the positions of the two
b.对井壁1间隔标定的两个待测钻孔2位置进行表面清洗;
b. Clean the surface of the two
c.之后,在间隔标定的两个待测钻孔2位置之间的井壁1上粘贴呈直角排列的两个横、竖向应变片3,将连接两个横、竖向应变片3的测试数据导线4与应变测试仪器相连;
c. Afterwards, two horizontal and vertical strain gauges 3 arranged at right angles are pasted on the
d.打开应变测试仪器,开始数据采集,并记录应变初始值; d. Turn on the strain testing instrument, start data acquisition, and record the initial strain value ;
e.在间隔标定的两个待测钻孔2的位置逐个实施钻孔,钻完第一个孔后停顿5min再钻第二个孔,待测钻孔2的中心距距离为8~16cm,钻孔直径为4~8cm,待测钻孔2的钻孔深度控制在4~6cm;
e. Drill holes one by one at the positions of the two
f.钻孔完毕后,继续采集应变数据直至数据稳定,记录最终的应变稳定值; f. After drilling, continue to collect strain data until the data is stable, and record the final stable strain value ;
g.根据两个待测钻孔2开孔前后的两个应变值得到应变变化量;
g. Obtain the strain variation according to the two strain values before and after the opening of the two
h.根据应变变化值与既有应力的函数关系式:即或计算出待测井壁1的既有应力值,式中:为井壁4的既有应力值;为测试得到的应变变化值。
h. Change value according to strain with existing stress The functional relation of : That is to say, the existing stress value of the
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CN104034453B (en) * | 2014-06-05 | 2016-05-18 | 同济大学 | Concrete-bridge single shaft original position storage stress detection method based on substep jumping through rings |
CN109696263A (en) * | 2019-02-21 | 2019-04-30 | 广西大学 | A kind of device and test method for testing the existing stress of concrete |
CN113739963A (en) * | 2021-05-19 | 2021-12-03 | 中国电建集团贵阳勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Test method for surface stress of concrete |
CN115127716B (en) * | 2022-09-01 | 2022-11-25 | 云南省交通投资建设集团有限公司 | Rock mass parameter in-situ test system and method by small local wall stress relief method |
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FR2798698A1 (en) * | 1999-09-22 | 2001-03-23 | Gaiatech | Testing ground characteristics using expansive pressure probe with augmented vertical stress is accompanied by circulating water through the ground, between injection and pumping cells |
CN2549449Y (en) * | 2002-06-18 | 2003-05-07 | 大庆石油管理局 | Device for measuring strains of casing and formation by expansion of oil well cement ring |
CN101392647A (en) * | 2008-11-14 | 2009-03-25 | 北京石大联创石油新技术有限公司 | Borehole wall stability prediction method suitable for gas drilling |
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