CN102162106B - Method for effectively extracting heavy water - Google Patents
Method for effectively extracting heavy water Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN102162106B CN102162106B CN201010111684.4A CN201010111684A CN102162106B CN 102162106 B CN102162106 B CN 102162106B CN 201010111684 A CN201010111684 A CN 201010111684A CN 102162106 B CN102162106 B CN 102162106B
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- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- water
- hydrogen
- oxygen
- fuel cell
- heavy
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/36—Hydrogen production from non-carbon containing sources, e.g. by water electrolysis
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- Electrolytic Production Of Non-Metals, Compounds, Apparatuses Therefor (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for effectively extracting heavy water. The heavy water has great application in the nuclear field and the energy field. The general extraction method has high energy consumption; and an oxyhydrogen fuel cell and an electrolytic bath are skillfully utilized in the method and complement different actions of an energy converter, so that the energy consumption for extracting the heavy water is greatly reduced. Therefore, the purposes of low energy and effective extraction of the heavy water are fulfilled.
Description
The invention relates to a kind of method effectively extracting heavy water from former water, heavy water has very large purposes in core field and energy field.But usually as adopted electrolytic process to extract heavy water, it has the high advantage of separation efficiency, but its fatal shortcoming also cannot overcome, and needs to expend great energy, how to reduce energy consumption, it is a very urgent task.So people are obliged to go to seek the low extracting method of other energy consumption.In succession invented several chemical exchange method, energy consumption is reduction of, but adjoint equipment is huge, and working condition is harsh, invests the defects such as huge, inefficiency.The valuable advantages of electrolytic process, by innovation, retains, improves its fatal shortcoming, power consumption greatly reduced by the present invention.
The present invention utilizes heavy water (D
2o) characteristic of not easily electrolysis is (relative to light-water H
2o), in electrolytic process, hydrogen ion is on negative electrode, and preferential electrolysis, is reduced into hydrogen, and hydroxide ion, on anode, is oxidized to oxygen.The electrolytic reaction carried out in a cell is: (0.00028D
2o+2H
2o) (former water)=0.00028D
2o (heavy water)+2H
2↑+O
2↑; Along with electrolytic process continues to carry out, its concentration constantly increases, thus, reach and concentrate and the object being separated heavy water from former water.Continue the mode carrying out having two kinds, a kind of refer to the time continue carry out, mathematic(al) representation is dC/dt=f (t).Also have one refer to space (distance) continue carry out, mathematic(al) representation is dC/ds=k, and in formula, C attaches most importance to water concentration, and t is the time, and s is distance, and k is constant.The former is batch operation, and the latter is continous way operation.And hydrogen H in electrolytic process
2with oxygen O
2from generation until generate light-water H in fuel cell electrode reaction
2o, in whole process from start to finish, should insulate, and do not have at all contact.In order to play the major function of the concentrated heavy water of electrolyzer, electrolytic process continues to be absolutely necessary.In addition, in order to by electrolyzer can with hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell combine long-time stable with the use of, can play the major function of the concentrated heavy water of electrolyzer again, so, electrolytic process is stably also absolutely necessary.Lasting and the stable process that the present patent application describes, this is just different from other similar processes.It is the most different that Here it is.So the operating mode of the electrolyzer of the present patent application is just selected, to space (distance) continue carry out, this mode be continous way operation.So just can reach lasting and stable process.Heavy water concentration in former water, exports from original water inlet to heavy water, flows through sufficiently long electrolysis zone and increases gradually.Water (flow) direction in electrolyzer can not arbitrarily change, otherwise the distribution of heavy water concentration will be chaotic, has a strong impact on the major function of electrolyzer.
The present invention utilizes electrolyzer to be the device that electric energy converts chemical energy to, and hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell (calling fuel cell in the following text) is then the device that chemical energy converts electric energy to.The electrochemical reaction of carrying out in a fuel cell is: 2H
2↑+O
2↑=2H
2o ↑ (water vapor); By the cathode collector hydrogen H of electrolyzer
2oxygen O is collected with anode
2a bit contact can not be had, need definitely isolation, then respectively by two respective heat exchangers, and the water vapor that fuel cell generates, as the thermal source of two each automatic heat-exchangers, by hydrogen, after oxygen heats respectively, then after sending into the pond generating of hydrogen-oxygen fuel village respectively, as main power supply, resupply electric energy needed for electrolyzer.These two complementary energy converters are combined dexterously, thus, effectively can reduce the energy consumption of whole system.The secondary function of electrolyzer is the chemical energy converting electric energy to hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell coupling, more strengthens the major function of hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell.Like this, realized by their combination, just more effectively reduce the energy consumption of system.Through the water vapor of over-heat-exchanger, be condensed into light-water.That carries out in a heat exchanger becomes mutually: 2H
2o ↑=2H
2the major function of O (light-water) heat exchanger is separated light-water, and secondary function is recovered energy, raises the efficiency.The present invention extracts the system of heavy water, is by electrolyzer, and hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell and heat exchanger form.The major function of electrolyzer is concentrated heavy water, and its secondary function is, converts electric energy to chemical energy that hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell matches and more strengthens the major function of hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell.The major function of hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell reduces the energy consumption of whole system.The major function of heat exchanger is separated light-water, and secondary function is recovered energy, reduces energy consumption.
According to the second law of thermodynamics:
In electrolyzer, spent electric energy with the relation converting chemical energy to is: Q
1=a
1e
1(1)
E in formula
1: spent electric energy;
A
1: be efficiency of conversion, (being less than 1);
Q
1: the chemical energy converted to.
In fuel cell, required chemical energy with the relation converting electric energy to is: E
2=a
2q
2(2)
Q in formula
2: required chemical energy;
A
2: be efficiency of conversion, (being less than 1);
E
2: the electric energy converted to.
If system stability work, must Q in two formulas
1=Q2, so, formula (1) substitutes into formula (2) and obtains:
E
2＝a
1a
2E
1…………………(3)
Make A=a
1a
2e
2=AE
1(4)
A in formula is the efficiency of system.
The required extra electric energy supplement of system is E
3=E
1-E
2=(1-A) E
1(5)
(1-A) E1 of the right item in formula extracts the electric energy spent by heavy water.
In sum: as long as in addition for the electric energy E adding a direct supply and come loss in supplementary efficiency
3.According to the second law of thermodynamics: A is less than 1 forever, when A is more close to 1, extra electric energy supplement E
3also more close to 0, efficiency is also higher.In fact, the loss in this efficiency is the energy consumption needed for system.So just achieve less energy-consumption, effectively extract the hope of heavy water.Also reveal that in addition, the efficiency of conversion improving two complementary transducing heads reduces the key factor of energy consumption.
Technical process of the present invention is as Fig. 1: the electric energy E that hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell (calling fuel cell in the following text) 2 exports
2, through a direct supply 4 of connecting, in input electrolyzer 1, make the former water in electrolyzer carry out electrolysis, respectively at negative electrode effusion hydrogen H
2; At anode effusion oxygen O
2, the H of effusion
2and O
2, respectively in two heat exchangers 3, the hot water and steam of being discharged by fuel cell carries out preheating, to raise the efficiency, hot hydrogen and hot oxygen enter hydrogen electrode and the oxygen electrode of fuel cell respectively, and the ion migration in the ionogen of fuel cell, converts electric energy E to by chemical energy
2, then be input in electrolyzer 1, carry out electrolysis, along with process constantly circulates, the heavy water concentration in former water is constantly raised, thus, reach the target that heavy water is extracted in low consumption effectively.Fig. 1: middle dotted line round region (except direct supply 4), the whole extraction heavy-water system 5 being just.Former water is entered, and by extracting heavy-water system 5, just isolate heavy water and light-water, required electric energy is supplied by direct supply 4.
By theoretically, if A equals 1, that not whole extraction heavy-water system does not just need energy consumption, according to the second law of thermodynamics: A is less than 1 forever, therefore the electric energy of deficiency, then made up by direct supply 4, so, the electric energy E that direct supply 4 exports
3, be exactly the energy consumption needed for system.
Claims (3)
1. effectively extract a method for heavy water, comprising:
One is extracted heavy-water system, is separated heavy water (D from former water
2and light-water (H O)
2o),
A direct supply (4), for supplementing the electric energy because of the loss of energy transformation institute;
Described extraction heavy-water system, is characterized in that: comprise
A. one for extracting the electrolyzer (1) of heavy water, its main power source is that the electric energy sent by hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell (2) directly supplies, its hydrogen generated and oxygen are preheated to hot hydrogen through heat exchanger (3), hot oxygen, direct supply hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell (2) is as fuel, after generating, direct circulation supply electrolyzer (1), form a lasting working cycle, for separating of heavy water, along with above-mentioned working cycle continue carry out, light-water in electrolyzer (1) former water is constantly electrolyzed to produce hydrogen and oxygen effusion, through electrochemical synthesis light-water in hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell (2), discharge according to water vapor form, and the remaining heavy water concentration in former water improves constantly, finally reach the object extracting heavy water, electrolytic process is made to extract the energy consumption of heavy water, obtain huge reduction,
B. several heat exchangers (3), its thermal source, that the water vapor of being discharged by hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell (2) supplies, water vapor is after condensation, what collect is exactly the light-water be separated, collect for heat recovery and light-water condensation, its function is the efficiency of collecting light-water and improving system.
2. the method according to claims 1, is characterized in that:
The hydrogen inlet pipe of hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell (2) and oxygen inlet pipe and electrolyzer (1) two are not connected, the hydrogen escape pipe of cathode collector hydrogen and anode collect the oxygen bleed line of oxygen, after heat exchanger (3) serial connection, be connected respectively.
3. the method according to claims 1, is characterized in that:
Direct supply (4), for supplementing the electric energy because of the loss of energy transformation institute, after connecting, is powered to electrolyzer (1), for the electrolysis of former water with hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell (2).
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201010111684.4A CN102162106B (en) | 2010-02-22 | 2010-02-22 | Method for effectively extracting heavy water |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201010111684.4A CN102162106B (en) | 2010-02-22 | 2010-02-22 | Method for effectively extracting heavy water |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN102162106A CN102162106A (en) | 2011-08-24 |
| CN102162106B true CN102162106B (en) | 2015-01-21 |
Family
ID=44463551
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201010111684.4A Expired - Fee Related CN102162106B (en) | 2010-02-22 | 2010-02-22 | Method for effectively extracting heavy water |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN102162106B (en) |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP6333259B2 (en) * | 2012-09-07 | 2018-05-30 | ギャミコン．ピー．ティー．ワイ．エル．ティー．ディーＧａｍｉｋｏｎ Ｐｔｙ Ｌｔｄ | Electrolysis equipment |
| JP5897512B2 (en) * | 2013-07-31 | 2016-03-30 | デノラ・ペルメレック株式会社 | Method for electrolytic concentration of heavy water |
| CN114807959B (en) * | 2022-03-15 | 2023-10-27 | 中国船舶重工集团公司第七一八研究所 | High-efficiency hydrogen production system suitable for wide power fluctuation |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3514382A (en) * | 1966-02-16 | 1970-05-26 | Ca Atomic Energy Ltd | Electrolytic process for heavy water production |
| CN1150934A (en) * | 1995-07-21 | 1997-06-04 | 财团法人铁道总合技术研究所 | Regenerative hybrid power system |
| CN1778699A (en) * | 2005-10-10 | 2006-05-31 | 天津理工大学 | Sewage treatment system for regenerative resource power supply |
| CN101024883A (en) * | 2007-01-29 | 2007-08-29 | 刘书亭 | Method and apparatus for wind-light hydroyen-making and extracting heavy water |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP3281727B2 (en) * | 1994-10-06 | 2002-05-13 | 三菱重工業株式会社 | Heavy water production equipment |
-
2010
- 2010-02-22 CN CN201010111684.4A patent/CN102162106B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3514382A (en) * | 1966-02-16 | 1970-05-26 | Ca Atomic Energy Ltd | Electrolytic process for heavy water production |
| CN1150934A (en) * | 1995-07-21 | 1997-06-04 | 财团法人铁道总合技术研究所 | Regenerative hybrid power system |
| CN1778699A (en) * | 2005-10-10 | 2006-05-31 | 天津理工大学 | Sewage treatment system for regenerative resource power supply |
| CN101024883A (en) * | 2007-01-29 | 2007-08-29 | 刘书亭 | Method and apparatus for wind-light hydroyen-making and extracting heavy water |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| Commercial production of heavy water;nature;《nature》;19340421;第604页右栏第18-34行 * |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN102162106A (en) | 2011-08-24 |
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Granted publication date: 20150121 Termination date: 20190222 |