CN102162068B - Spring steel and manufacturing and thermal treatment method thereof - Google Patents

Spring steel and manufacturing and thermal treatment method thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN102162068B
CN102162068B CN2010101108890A CN201010110889A CN102162068B CN 102162068 B CN102162068 B CN 102162068B CN 2010101108890 A CN2010101108890 A CN 2010101108890A CN 201010110889 A CN201010110889 A CN 201010110889A CN 102162068 B CN102162068 B CN 102162068B
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spring steel
refining
steel
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speed
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CN102162068A (en
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顾文俊
张成名
王凯
张建平
马宝国
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Baosteel Special Steel Co Ltd
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Baoshan Iron and Steel Co Ltd
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract

The invention discloses a spring steel, which comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.3 to 0.5 percent of C, 1.0 to 2.5 percent of Si, 0.3 to 1.5 percent of Mn, 0.1 to 1.0 percent of Cr, 0.01 to 0.30 percent of Ni, less than or equal to 0.15 percent of Cu, less than or equal to 0.010 percent of P, less than or equal to 0.010 percent of S, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities, wherein the spring steel can be manufactured into high-speed railway rail buckles by a processing method of cold forming. The invention also discloses a manufacturing and thermal treatment method of the spring steel. By the method, the yield strength (Rm) of the spring steel is more than or equal to 1,000MPa, the tensile strength (Rp0.2) is more than or equal to 1,200MPa, the elongationrate (A) is more than or equal to 6 percent, the section shrinkage rate (Z) is more than or equal to 30 percent, and the buckle requirements of high-speed railway rails are met.

Description

A kind of spring steel and manufacturing thereof and heat treating method
Technical field
The invention belongs to ferrous material and make processing technique field, specifically, relate to a kind of spring steel of metallurgy industry and manufacture method thereof, this spring steel can be used for making the high speed railway track fastener.
Background technology
Before the domestic high-speed railway speed-raising, train speed per hour is 120-180 kilometer/hour, the spring steel of railway track fastener is based on the high-carbon chemical composition design, for example C 0.56～0.64%, Si 1.60～2.00%, Mn 0.70～1.00%, Cr≤0.35%, Ni≤0.25%, P≤0.025%, S≤0.0250%, its manufacturing process is generally: first refining → LF refining (high basicity slag, aluminium deoxidation) → VD refining → continuous casting → heating → rolling → detection → qualified warehouse-in → user uses and adopts hot rolling spring moulding → employing oil quenching, oil tempering is carried out modifier treatment, and this spring steel has certain intensity (tensile strength 〉=1600Mpa), toughness and plasticity (relative reduction in area 〉=30%).
Modern rail fastener system is for can adapt to high speed, environmental protectionization, laborsavingization and adjustableization four big basic norms, and the technique direction towards low rigidity, long lifetime, low cost and coordination mutually thereof develops.Behind the railway speed increase, train speed per hour is brought up to 350 kilometers/hour, its spring steel that railway track fastener is used has proposed strict requirement, be specifically related to mechanical property (tensile strength 〉=1200Mpa, relative reduction in area 〉=35%, the relative reduction in area of hot rolling attitude 〉=52%), the composition of nonmetallic inclusionsin steel, distribute, shape, quantity (K3≤30), residual element (P≤0.010%, S≤0.010%, gas content ([O]≤12ppm), Decarburized layer (≤1.0%D), microstructure and homogeneity thereof (graphitic carbon content should smaller or equal to 1.5 grades), grain fineness number (〉=7 grades), surface quality (surface imperfection≤0.10mm) etc.By contrast, traditional railway fastener still has the following disadvantages with spring steel material and manufacture method:
(1) the carbon content height (0.56～0.64%C), steel strength height (tensile strength 〉=1600Mpa), toughness and plasticity low (relative reduction in area 〉=30%);
(2) aluminium deoxidation, high basicity slag SECONDARY REFINING IN A VACUUM CHAMBER, the brittle inclusion Al in the steel are adopted in the smelting of traditional spring steel 2O 3Be not easy to come-up and remove, and gas content is higher;
(3) owing to the carbon content height, steel decarburization susceptibility in rolling and hot procedure is strong, decarburization bed thickness (1.5%D), and fatigue lifetime is low in the fastener use;
(4) because the carbon content height of traditional spring steel is 0.54-0.64%, steel are hard, the user in use need adopt heating back thermoforming, owing to the carbon content height, quenching and drawing process thermal stresses are big simultaneously, if adopt water medium, can cause the stress crack of steel, must adopt oil quenching, oil tempering, increase operation and energy consumption, production efficiency is low.
This shows, be the great-leap-forward development of adaptation China railways, is necessary to develop to can be used for making the spring steel that high speed railway track is used fastener.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of spring steel, the working method that it can cold-forming is made the high speed railway track fastener.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a kind of manufacture method of above-mentioned spring steel.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a kind of modified heat treating method of above-mentioned spring steel, it can make yield strength (the Rm) 〉=1000MPa of above-mentioned spring steel, tensile strength (Rp0.2) 〉=1200MPa, unit elongation (A) 〉=6%, relative reduction in area (Z) 〉=30% satisfies the fastener requirement of high speed railway track.
Spring steel provided by the present invention, its composition quality per-cent is: C 0.3～0.5%, Si 1.0～2.5%, Mn 0.3～1.5%, Cr 0.1～1.0%, Ni 0.01～0.30%, Cu≤0.15%, P≤0.010%, S≤0.010%, surplus are Fe and unavoidable impurities.
Preferably, the composition of described spring steel satisfies C 0.35～0.45%, Si 1.5～2.3%, Mn0.50～1.0% and Cr 0.10～0.50%.
Preferably, the composition of described spring steel satisfies C 0.37～0.39%, Si 1.67～1.71%, Mn0.69～0.73%, Cr 0.19～0.21% and Ni 0.07～0.10%.
The manufacture method of above-mentioned spring steel provided by the present invention comprises:
(1) refining just, refining and continuous casting,
The Si deoxidation is adopted in described refining;
(2) heating, controlled rolling and controlled chilling,
950～1000 ℃ of the soaking temperatures of described heating, soaking time 〉=2 hour, 950～1000 ℃ of steel billet tapping temperatures, the male and female face temperature difference≤40 ℃,
The milling train inlet temperature is 800～860 ℃ in the described controlled rolling,
The speed of cooling of described controlled chilling is 40～80 ℃/h.
Preferably, the first refining of step (1) is carried out in electric arc furnace, and the tapping condition is T 〉=1620 ℃, [P]≤0.010% and [C] 〉=0.05%.
Preferably, the refining of step (1) is a ladle refining, wherein adds SiFe powder and/or the deoxidation of SiC powder, begins bull ladle after all the components meets the demands.
Preferably, water in the step (1) and outpour 160 * 160mm 2～320 * 425mm 2The continuously cast bloom of cross dimensions, pouring speed are 0.60～2.80m/min, and continuously cast bloom is chilled to 900 ℃ soon on cold bed, slow cooling then, slow cooling time 〉=36 hour.
Preferably, a high pressure descaling step is arranged before the controlled rolling of step (2).
Preferably, in step (2), be rolled into wire rod.
The modified heat treating method of above-mentioned spring steel provided by the present invention comprises:
850～910 ℃ of shrends and 400～620 ℃ of tempering.
Preferably, quenching is cooled to 20～30 ℃ with the speed of 250～350 ℃/min.
Preferably, tempering is cooled to 20～30 ℃ with the speed of 150～200 ℃/min.
The present invention adopts the solution of the low high Si of C, both avoided the carbon content height that tough, the plasticity of steel are had a negative impact, make this spring steel through after the suitable thermal treatment again, obtaining high-intensity high toughness and the plasticity of obtaining simultaneously, carbon content is controlled in the low scope, improve the toughness of spring steel, the task of improving intensity then relies on Si, and other yuan such as Cr usually realized.
Higher Si content can improve the intensity and the elasticity attenuation resistance of steel, to remedy the low disadvantageous effect to hardness of steel that causes of C content.
Mn content is 0.3～1.5%, and Mn can significantly improve the hardening capacity of steel, but unfavorable unsuitable too high to toughness.
Cr can improve the hardening capacity of steel, because Cr is the strong carbide forming element, for alleviating decarburizing tendency, prevents that greying is favourable simultaneously, and Cr content is 0.1～1.0%, makes the through hardening layer of spring steel to be controlled in the reasonable range.
Ni also can improve the hardening capacity of steel, and in addition, the heating of Ni can because the Ni resource is relatively deficienter, can not added for the small cross-section spring steel so that the anti-C of taking off of steel improves greatly, and Ni content is controlled at below 1%.
P, S and Cu are the impurity in the steel, control P≤0.010%, S≤0.010%, Cu≤0.15%, and steel material is pure.
The present invention has the following advantages
(1) chemical composition design is in the design of C, Si, Mn, Cr, Ni, and rational proportion, steel have good intensity-snappiness and cooperate;
(2) chemical composition design is at the requirement height of P, S, steel high purity;
(3) in the composition design, carbon content is low, a little less than the decarburization susceptibility;
(4) smelt the deoxidation of employing silicon, low basicity slag SECONDARY REFINING IN A VACUUM CHAMBER, produce a kind of ultrapure clean steel that is rich in Al, Ti inclusion that do not exist fully, inclusion is formed be low melting point, soft state, reduce or avoid the formation of brittle inclusion in the steel, make the steel inclusion form be plastic state, because steel inclusion has contact preferably with matrix steel, is not easy to form tiny crack, and the toughness plasticity of steel, fatigue lifetime are improved;
(5) fatigue lifetime height, greater than 6,000,000 times;
(6) the cold-forming ability is strong in user's use, does not need thermoforming, reduces operation and energy consumption, the production efficiency height;
(7) adopt shrend to replace oil quenching, compliance with environmental protection requirements.
Embodiment
The present invention will describe by embodiment below, should be noted in the discussion above that these embodiment only are exemplary, do not constitute any restriction to the present invention.
The preparation of spring steel
Embodiment and Comparative Examples chemical ingredients see Table 1, and its preparation process is as follows:
The first step, electric arc furnace smelting-ladle refining-continuous casting
Carrying out molten steel in 60 tons electric arc furnace just refines; 60 tons ladle refining; Continuous casting; Produce 90 * 90mm 2～360 * 360mm 2The qualified continuously cast bloom of cross dimensions:
(1) refining just: furnace charge is selected low P, S steel scrap, crop and high duty pig iron for use; Alloy need be prepared low-carbon (LC) chromium, low Carbon Manganese etc.; Reductive agent: calcium carbide, carbon dust, silicon metal etc.; Oxidation period: diligent stream slag removes P, decarburized amount 〉=0.30%; Tapping condition: T 〉=1620 ℃, [P]≤0.008%, [C] 〉=0.05%.The tapping later stage adds an amount of lime or synthetic slag.
(2) refining: during electric furnace steel tapping 1/3, ladle adds slag charge, and the slag charge proportioning is pressed basicity of slag 2.5～3 controls.According to the practical sulphur removal situation, all sentiment is put in order basicity of slag.Heating station adopts Si-Fe powder and the deoxidation of SiC powder, adds in batches, adjusts add-on and adds batch according to silicone content situation in slag condition and the steel, and general every interval added a collection of in 15 minutes, consumption 0.5～1kg/t, and it is good to make refining process remain deoxidation.Enter vacuum outgas predetermination oxygen at ladle, add ferrosilicon according to the oxygen activity situation, add-on by limit in requirements of finished product silicone content with addition of, and in conjunction with deciding oxygen value, the judgement deoxidation effect determines whether to carry out the adjustment of silicon amount again.Guarantee [O]≤0.0025%, [H]≤0.00015%; All the components enters optimizes beginning bull ladle in the scope that requires.
(3) continuous casting: high-temperature molten steel waters into tundish by protective casing in the ladle, tundish superheating temperature≤35 ℃.Before tundish uses fully the cleaning, internal surface is as fire-resistant coating and the crack must not be arranged; Molten steel in the tundish, waters and outpours 160 * 160mm with rational speed through continuous cast mold 2～320 * 425mm 2The qualified continuously cast bloom of cross dimensions is 0.60～2.80m/min according to different ingot shape size pouring speeds.Qualified continuously cast bloom is chilled to 900 ℃ soon on cold bed, advance the burial pit slow cooling, and the slow cooling time is 〉=36 hours.
Second step: wire rod is rolling
Adopt rolling mill hot-work rolling method, earlier qualified continuously cast bloom surface cleared up, again its hot-work is rolling to the finished product wire rod, technology point:
(1) process furnace heating process: 950～1000 ℃ of soaking temperatures, heat tracing time 〉=2 hour, 950～1000 ℃ of steel billet tapping temperatures, the male and female face temperature difference≤40 ℃;
(2) controlled rolling technology: after the steel billet of homogeneous heating is come out of the stove, normally open the high pressure descaling machine, the KOCKS inlet temperature: 800～860 ℃;
(3) cooling control technology: roll into online slow cooling behind the wire rod, stay-warm case Close All, 40～80 ℃/h of speed of cooling.
The mechanical property of embodiment and Comparative Examples sees Table 2, and wherein mechanical property detects according to GB/T 228 (metallic substance tensile test at room temperature method).
The spring Heat Treatment Of Steel
Behind steel scale blanking, cold-forming, in 850～910 ℃ of shrends and 400～620 ℃ of tempering, the thermal treatment process and the mechanical property of embodiment and Comparative Examples see table 3 for details, and wherein mechanical property detects according to GB/T228 (metallic substance tensile test at room temperature method).
The detection of fatigue lifetime
According to the requirement of " provisional technical qualification are checked and accepted in the manufacturing of high-speed railway fastener component ", on fatigue experimental machine, adopt amplitude 2.5mm, carry out fatigue experiment, the detected result of embodiment and Comparative Examples sees Table 4.
The chemical ingredients of table 1 embodiment and Comparative Examples
Numbering C Si Mn P S Cr Ni Cu
Embodiment 1 0.39 1.67 0.70 0.013 0.007 0.20 0.10 0.11
Embodiment 2 0.38 1.70 0.72 0.012 0.008 0.19 0.09 0.12
Embodiment 3 0.37 1.69 0.73 0.011 0.009 0.21 0.08 0.10
Embodiment 4 0.39 1.68 0.69 0.013 0.010 0.22 0.08 0.09
Embodiment 5 0.38 1.71 0.71 0.010 0.008 0.20 0.07 0.08
Comparative Examples 1 0.60 1.71 0.81 0.009 0.005 0.24 0.01 0.02
Comparative Examples 2 0.59 1.72 0.81 0.009 0.005 0.24 0.01 0.02
Comparative Examples 3 0.62 1.72 0.82 0.008 0.008 0.24 0.01 0.02
Comparative Examples 4 0.61 1.72 0.81 0.008 0.007 0.23 0.01 0.02
Comparative Examples 5 0.60 1.73 0.80 0.009 0.006 0.25 0.01 0.02
The mechanical property of table 2 embodiment and Comparative Examples spring steel
Numbering Tensile strength (Rm Mpa) Yield strength (Rel Mpa) Elongation after fracture (A%) Relative reduction in area (Z%) Decarburized layer (mm)
Embodiment 1 1290 1030 13.5 55 0.04
Embodiment 2 1320 1150 11 53 0.05
Embodiment 3 1350 1160 12 50 0.06
Embodiment 4 1330 1170 12.5 51 0.05
Embodiment 5 1310 1120 13.5 54 0.05
Comparative Examples 1 1710 1590 6.5 41 0.12
Comparative Examples 2 1710 1580 6.5 39 0.10
Comparative Examples 3 1670 2580 5.5 39.5 0.11
Comparative Examples 4 1700 1570 6.5 36 0.13
Comparative Examples 5 1660 1550 6 37.5 0.09
The thermal treatment process of table 3 embodiment and Comparative Examples and mechanical property
Figure GSA00000033470500071
The fatigue lifetime of table 4 embodiment and Comparative Examples
Numbering Embodiment 1 Embodiment 2 Embodiment 3 Embodiment 4 Embodiment 5
Fatigue lifetime 6,200,000 times 6,680,000 times 6,800,000 times 6,250,000 times 6,900,000 times
Numbering Comparative Examples 1 Comparative Examples 2 Comparative Examples 3 Comparative Examples 4 Comparative Examples 5
Fatigue lifetime 5,020,000 times 5,140,000 times 5,600,000 times 5,500,000 times 5,820,000 times
The relative reduction in area Z of embodiment is between 51-55% as can be known by table 2, and the relative reduction in area Z of Comparative Examples illustrates that the toughness plasticity of spring steel of the present invention and cold-forming ability are better between 36-39.5%; Quenching by table 3 heat treating method of the present invention as can be known, what adopt is water-cooled, and Comparative Examples quenches that what need to adopt is oil cooling, and more environmental protection of heat treating method of the present invention is described; Be significantly higher than the fatigue lifetime of Comparative Examples as can be known the fatigue lifetime of spring steel of the present invention by table 4.
Generally, implement the spring steel that the present invention produces, make fastener by cold-forming, every performance all meets service requirements after the thermal treatment, and traditional relatively railway fastener cost reduces, and be significantly improved work-ing life, and use shrend, saved quenching oil, also reduced environmental pollution, developing this steel grade has crucial realistic meaning to the economic factors of high-speed railway fastener, environmental protection factor etc.

Claims (10)

1. spring steel, its composition quality per-cent is:
C 0.37～0.39%, Si 1.67～1.71%, Mn 0.69～0.73%, Cr 0.19～0.21%, Ni0.07～0.10%, Cu 0.08-0.12%, P≤0.010%, S≤0.010%, surplus are Fe and unavoidable impurities.
2. the preparation method of spring steel as claimed in claim 1 comprises:
(1) refining just, refining and continuous casting,
The Si deoxidation is adopted in described refining;
(2) heating, controlled rolling and controlled chilling,
950～1000 ℃ of the soaking temperatures of described heating, soaking time 〉=2 hour, 950～1000 ℃ of steel billet tapping temperatures, the male and female face temperature difference≤40 ℃,
The milling train inlet temperature is 800～860 ℃ in the described controlled rolling,
The speed of cooling of described controlled chilling is 40～80 ℃/h.
3. method as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that, the first refining of step (1) is carried out in electric arc furnace, and the tapping condition is T 〉=1620 ℃, [P]≤0.008% and [C] 〉=0.05%.
4. as claim 2 or 3 described methods, it is characterized in that the refining of step (1) is a ladle refining, wherein add SiFe powder and/or the deoxidation of SiC powder, begin bull ladle after all the components meets the demands.
5. as claim 2 or 3 described methods, it is characterized in that, water in the step (1) and outpour 160 * 160mm 2～320 * 4250mm 2The continuously cast bloom of cross dimensions, pouring speed are 0.60～2.80m/min, and continuously cast bloom is chilled to 900 ℃ soon on cold bed, slow cooling then, slow cooling time 〉=36 hour.
6. as claim 2 or 3 described methods, it is characterized in that a high pressure descaling step is arranged before the controlled rolling of step (2).
7. as claim 2 or 3 described methods, it is characterized in that step is rolled into wire rod in (2).
8. the heat treating method of spring steel as claimed in claim 1 comprises: 850～910 ℃ of shrends and 400～620 ℃ of tempering.
9. the heat treating method of spring steel as claimed in claim 8 is characterized in that, quenching is cooled to 20～30 ℃ with the speed of 250～350 ℃/min.
10. the heat treating method of spring steel as claimed in claim 8 or 9 is characterized in that tempering is cooled to 20～30 ℃ with the speed of 150～200 ℃/min.
CN2010101108890A 2010-02-21 2010-02-21 Spring steel and manufacturing and thermal treatment method thereof Expired - Fee Related CN102162068B (en)

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